Grishin, Zhang & Cong & Shen & Song & Grishin, 2023

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Genomics-based taxonomic rearrangement of Achlyodini and Carcharodini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae), Insecta Mundi 2023 (16), pp. 1-33 : 28

Vulga Grishin , new subgenus

http://zoobank.org/ DA9638E7-54AF-4B18-B4B8-D6E275D4977B

Type species. Achlyodes vulgata Möschler, 1879 .

Definition. The nuclear genomic tree reveals that Staphylus Godman and Salvin, 1896 (type species Helias ascalaphus Staudinger, 1876 ) splits into five clades at the subgenus level ( Fig. 5 ). The subgenera corresponding to two of these clades, which are sister to each other, do not have available names and are new. One of these new subgenera keys to E.32.5c, 7, or 9c in Evans (1953) and is distinguished from its relatives by the following characters: spots on wings rather inconspicuous, head without green scales but is golden in some species; ampulla of valva frequently expanded, overlaps harpe from inside (if not then harpe and valva of approximately equal size, and ampulla expansion reaches the end of harpe), vinculum brushes absent, uncus undivided, narrowing to a point, lanceolate and semi-triangular towards the tip, typically broader than in relatives, and not strongly concave in lateral view, tegumen typically not broader than uncus. Confident identification is provided by DNA, and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic: in the nuclear genome: aly3824.12.4:A540G, aly3824.12.4:A595C, aly259.26.2:T1260A, aly259.26.2:A590C, aly390.10.14:G2931A and the COI barcode: T29G, A241A, A334T, T337A, T346A, T412T, T578C, A580T.

Etymology. The name is a feminine noun in the nominative singular formed from the type species name: Vulga [ta].

Species included. Achlyodes vulgata Möschler, 1879 , Pholisora melaina Hayward, 1947 , Staphylus kayei Cock, 1996 , Staphylus putumayo sambo Evans, 1953 , Pholisora putumayo E. Bell, 1937 , Staphylus saxos Evans, 1953 , Staphylus saxos satrap Evans, 1953 (see below), Staphylus tingo Steinhauser, 1989 , Nisoniades oeta Plötz, 1884 , and Staphylus punctiseparatus Hayward, 1933 .

Parent taxon. Genus Staphylus Godman and Salvin, 1896 .

Figures

Figure 5. The nuclear genome-based phylogeny of Carcharodini, middle segment (continues in 6, see Fig. 4 for the first segment) showing Pholisorina subtrib. n. Species formerly placed in Staphylus are labeled in red. Asterisk marks a species with a dedicated study (Lemes et al. 2023) that already assigned it to Bolla. See Fig. 1 for notations.