Tegenaria hasperi, CHYZER, 1897

Bolzern, Angelo, Burckhardt, Daniel & Hänggi, Ambros, 2013, Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 168 (4), pp. 723-848 : 802-803

TEGENARIA HASPERI CHYZER, 1897

( FIG. 15M, N )

Tegenaria hasperi Chyzer & Kulczyn´ ski, 1897 : 167, 168, tab. 7, fig. 1, female.

Tegenaria nemorosa Simon, 1916: 210 , 211, figs 82– 87, syn. nov.

Malthonica nemorosa: Guseinov et al., 2005: 164 .

Types

Syntype. Croatia: Crkvenica (= Crikvenica?), ♀ ( HNHM, Araneae-4), vii., Chyzer .

Sub Tegenaria nemorosa : syntypes. France: Alpes- Maritimes: Cagnes, 2 ♀ ( MNHN, 1968), Berland .

Other material examined

Bulgaria (10 ♀) ; Croatia (1 ♂, 2 ♀) ; France (1 ♀) ; Italy (7 ♂, 28 ♀) . Asia: Turkey (4 ♂, 4 ♀) .

Description

Good drawings of a male are provided by Brignoli (1971a), SEM photographs by Seyyar et al. (2008), drawings of females by Deltshev (1993), photographs of both sexes by Kovács & Szinetár (2012). Some additional information is provided here.

Measurements: Female (N = 2): CL 2.97–4.85, CW 2.24–3.55. Eye distances: PME–PME 0.5–1 x PME, PME–AME 1 x PME, PME–PLE 0.5–1 x PME, PME– ALE 1 x PME, AME–AME <0.5 x AME, AME–ALE <0.5 x AME. CLY1 2 x AME, CLY2 1 x ALE.

Epigyne and vulva: Epigyne sclerotized throughout, distinct rectangular median plate. Posterior sclerite absent. CO at the anterior border of the median plate developed as holes (often filled with a ‘plug’). Epigynal ‘pseudo teeth’ absent. Vulva consists of distinguishable CD, RC, and FD. CD short, leading into globular, irregularly but distinctly formed and smoothly sclerotized RC with well-separated chambers. FD only represented by small, leaf-shaped appendages.

Other important characters: Cheliceral promargin with three to four, retromargin with four teeth. Colulus developed as trapezoidal plate with the distal margin medially notched. Same pattern of distal spigots on PMS (in females) as described for the type species. PLS with distal segment as long as basal segment. Trichobothria at palp tarsus absent. Tarsal trichobothria six to nine. Small teeth on paired claws of leg I eight to ten. Leg spination: female palp (2–0–0–0 or 3–0–0–0, 2–0–0, 2–2–0–0), leg femora (0–2–0–0 or 1–2–2–0 or 1–3–2–0, 1–1–2–0 or 1–2–1–0 or 1–2–2–0 or 1–3–2–0 or 2–2–2–0, 1–1–1–0 or 1–2– 2–0, 1–1–1–0), patellae (all 2–0–0), tibiae (0 or 0–0– 0–1 or 0–0–0–1p, 0–1–0–1 or 0–1–0–1+1p or 0–1–0–2 or 0–1–0–2p, 2–1–1–1p or 2–1–1–2+1p or 2–2–1–1+1p or 2–2–1–1p, 2–2–2–2+1p or 2–2–2–3+1p), metatarsi (0–0–0–3 or 0–0–0–3p+1, 0–1–0–3p+1, 0–2–2–3p+1 or 0–3–3–3p+1, 0–3–3–1+3p+1 or 1–3–3–1+3p+1), tarsi (I & II 0, III & IV 0–0–1–0).

Coloration: Margin of carapace with three narrow, crescent-shaped, darkened spots, sometimes connected, dorsally with two symmetrical longitudinal dark bands. Sternum with distinct pale median band and three symmetrical pairs of pale spots laterally. Opisthosoma dark brownish, anteriorly with three yellowish bands, laterally with one to two pairs of white spots, continuing in broad chevrons posteriad. Legs annulated. Colulus partly darkened, ALS indistinctly darkened, PLS with basal segment darkened, distal segment pale.

Distribution

Reported from Croatia (Chyzer & Kulczyn´ ski, 1897), France ( Simon, 1916; Simon, 1937), Italy ( Brignoli, 1971a), Bulgaria ( Deltshev, 1993), and Turkey ( Brignoli, 1978c).

Discussion

Almost all examined females had the copulatory openings plugged with a dark, hardened substance. The examination of one female syntype of Teg. hasperi from ‘Crkvenica’ and two syntypes of Simon’s Teg. nemorosa showed that the latter is a junior synonym of Teg. hasperi .

Figures

Figure 15. A, B, Tegenaria achaea; C-F, Tegenaria argaeica; G-J, Tegenaria armigera; K, L, O-Q, Tegenaria dalmatica; M, N, Tegenaria hasperi; R-U, Tegenaria annulata; and V, X, Tegenaria schoenhoferi sp. nov. Left male palp in lateral (C, H, L, U, W), and ventral views (D, G, K, T, V); epigyne in ventral (A, E, I, M, O, R) and vulva in dorsal view (B, F, J, N, P, S); comparison of vulva of small and large ‘forms’ of Teg. armigera (J); Prosoma in frontal view (Q), abdomen in dorsal view (X). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (epigyne and vulva of Teg. argaeica, E–F without scale; photos from syntype taken with digital camera through the oculars).