Tegenaria silvestris, L. KOCH, 1872

Bolzern, Angelo, Burckhardt, Daniel & Hänggi, Ambros, 2013, Phylogeny and taxonomy of European funnel-web spiders of the Tegenaria-Malthonica complex (Araneae: Agelenidae) based upon morphological and molecular data, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 168 (4), pp. 723-848 : 817-818

TEGENARIA SILVESTRIS L. KOCH, 1872 , STAT. REV.

( FIGS 19A–B, D–E , VARIATION C, F–I, 20A–E, VARIATION F–I)

Tegenaria silvestris L. Koch, 1872: 288–292 ; Chyzer & Kulczyn´ ski, 1897: 167, pl. 6, figs 24, 27a, b.

Tegenaria sylvestris: Müller & Schenkel, 1895: 753 , pl. 13, fig. 3.

Malthonica silvestris: Guseinov et al., 2005: 164 .

Types

Probable syntypes. Italy: Trentino-Alto Adige: Schlern, 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (ex. coll. L.Koch, NHMW) ; Germany: ‘Fränkischer Jura’, 2 ♀ (ex. coll. L.Koch, NHMW).

Other material examined

Austria (4 ♂, 9 ♀) ; Bulgaria (1 ♀) ; France (15 ♂, 33 ♀) ; Germany (14 ♂, 20 ♀) ; Italy (37 ♂, 43 ♀) ; Poland (1 ♀) ; Romania (1 ♀) ; Slovenia (1 ♂, 3 ♀) ; Serbia (1 ♂) ; Switzerland (8 ♂, 27 ♀)

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Tegenaria cf. silvestris (all sub Teg. silvestris , det. Gruber and Thaler) (see discussion). Austria (3 ♂, 8 ♀) ; Italy (1 ♂, 1 ♀) .

Description

Measurements: Male (N = 1): CL 3.79, CW 3.08, STL 2.01, STW 1.91, OL 4.56, OW 2.84. Leg I (4.71, 1.57, 4.59, 4.87, 2.69), II (4.40, 1.50, 3.91, 4.29, 2.34), III (4.06, 1.37, 3.16, 4.11, 2.11), IV (5.02, 1.48, 4.42, 5.39, 2.17). Pedipalp (2.16, 0.68, 0.60, 2.32), bulbL 1.79. Female (N = 1): CL 3.66, CW 2.75, STL 1.91, STW 1.79. Leg I (4.15, 1.42, 3.98, 4.17, 2.41), II (3.83, 1.37, 3.30, 3.73, 2.12), III (3.51, 1.25, 2.77, 3.70, 1.78), IV (4.51, 1.40, 3.96, 4.70, 1.99). Pedipalp (1.55, 0.68, 0.86, 1.80). EPL 0.56, EPW 0.92, ATL 0.40, ATW 0.42. Eyes: PME 0.17–0.19, PLE 0.18, AME 0.15– 0.17, ALE 0.18–0.20. Eye distances: PME–PME 0.5–1 x PME, PME–AME 0.5–1 x PME, PME–PLE 0.5 x PME, PME–ALE 0.5–1 x PME, AME–AME <0.5 x AME, AME–ALE << 0.5 x AME. CLY1 1.5–2 x AME, CLY2 1 x ALE.

Male palp: RTA with three branches, ventral branch extensive, lobe-like with distinct ridge, distally moderately protruding, lateral and dorsal branch strongly sclerotized and with robust apophyses, basally fused together, dorsal branch larger than lateral one, distally moderately pointed. Filiform embolus length about 3.5–4 x CB, originating at 7–8 o’clock position, distal tip at 4 o’clock position. Conductor strongly sclerotized, distal portion strongly elongated and arcuated, lateral margin completely folded. Terminal end bifid, ventral part short, rounded plate-like (or hook-like as in Teg. cf. silvestris ), dorsal part small, bulge-like. Connection of conductor to tegulum distinctly stepped, forming a protruding, bulge-like tegular apophysis. MA originating at 5–6 o’clock position, strongly protruding, distally with claw-like sclerite. MA membranously connected to tegulum. Basal part of tegulum clearly visible, with discontinuous margin.

Epigyne and vulva: Epigyne with distinct median plate, anteriomedially continuously connected to strongly sclerotized epigynal plate. Posterior sclerite absent. CO anteriorly of median plate, distinct gaps. Epigynal ‘pseudo teeth’ absent. Vulva consists of CBD, no distinct RC recognizable. First part (CD) of CBD less sclerotized and moderately convoluted, proximal part strongly convoluted (great variation in length and convolution, e.g. Teg. cf. silvestris ). FD only represented by small, leaf-shaped appendages.

Other important characters: Cheliceral promargin with four, retromargin with four to five teeth. Colulus developed as trapezoidal plate with the distal margin medially slightly notched. Same pattern of distal spigots on PMS (in females) as described for the type species. PLS with distal segment shorter than basal segment. Tarsal trichobothria on cymbium and palp tarsus absent. Tarsal trichobothria seven to eight. Small teeth on paired claws of leg I 11. Leg spination: male palp (2–0–0–0, 2–0–0, 1–2–0–0 or 2–2–0–0), female palp (2–0–0–0, 2–0–0, 2–1p+1–0 or 2–2–0–0), leg femora (2–2–1–0 or 2–2–2–0, 2–2–1–0 or 2–2–2–0, 2–2–2–0, 1–1–1–0), patellae (all 2–0–0), tibiae [0–0– 0–1+1p or 0–0–0–3p (2 small dorsal spines possible), 2–1–0–1+2p or 2–1–0–2 or 2–1–0–3 or 2–2–0–2 or 2–2–0–3, 2–2–2–1p+1+1p or 2–2–2–2+1p or 2–2–2–3p, 2–2–2–1p+1+1p or 2–2–2–2+1p or 2–2–2–3p], metatarsi (0–0–0–3p+1, 0–1–0–3p+1, 0–3–3–3p+1, 0–3–3– 1+3p+1 or 0–3–3–1p+1+2p+1), tarsi (I & II 0, III & IV 0–0–1–0).

Coloration: Margin of carapace narrowly darkened (three indistinct, crescent-shaped spots), dorsally with two symmetrical longitudinal dark bands, moderately reduced to triangular dots. Sternum with distinct pattern of narrow pale median band and three pairs of symmetrical pale dots laterally. Opisthosoma dark brownish, anteriorly with three pale bands, continuing in narrow chevrons posteriad. Legs annulated. ALS basally darkened, basal segment of PLS darkened, distal segment pale.

Distribution

Reported from nearly all of Europe ( Blick et al., 2004; van Helsdingen, 2011).

Discussion

In the collection of the NHMW several specimens collected in the vicinity of Vienna and one in Italy differ slightly in genital morphology ( Teg. cf. silvestris ). The most conspicuous differences are the length and convolution of the CBD and the hook-shaped dorsal part of the terminal conductor end ( Figs 19B, C, F–I , 20F–I ). More material and analyses are required to decide whether these specimens represent aberrant specimens of Teg. silvestris or a separate species.

Figures

Figure 19. A–I, Tegenaria silvestris, variation in males and females (B, C, F–I); J, K, Tegenaria vankeerorum sp. nov.; L, M, Tegenaria pindosiensis sp. nov.; N, O, Tegenaria croatica sp. nov. Left male palp in ventral (A, K) and retrolateral views (B, C, J), with detailed drawing of variation of the terminal end of conductor (TEC); epigyne in ventral (D, L) and vulva in dorsal (E, F, H, M, O), ventral (N), and lateral views (G, I). Abbreviations: CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; MA, median apophysis; RC, receptaculum.

Figure 20. A–I, Tegenaria silvestris, variation in males and females (F–I); J-M, Tegenaria parvula; N, S-V, Tegenaria henroti; O-R, Tegenaria eleonorae; W-Z, Tegenaria pindosiensis sp. nov. Left male palp in ventral (A, F, J, O, S) and retrolateral views (B, G, K, P, T); epigyne in ventral (C, H, L, Q, U, W) and vulva in dorsal (D, I, M, R, V, X) and lateral views (E); female habitus (N) and abdomen in dorsal view (Z); sternum in ventral view (Y). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (except 1 mm for N).