Synema guiyang Zhang, Zhang, Deng, Lu & Yu, 2022

Zhang, Jianshuang, Zhang, Wanling, Deng, Langju, Lu, Qianle & Yu, Hao, 2022, Synema guiyang sp. nov., the fourth endemic species of Synema Simon, 1864 (Araneae, Thomisidae) from China, Biodiversity Data Journal 10, pp. 85072-85072 : 85072

Synema guiyang Zhang, Zhang, Deng, Lu & Yu sp. n.

Materials

Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Hao Yu; individualID: YHTHO002; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; behavior: foraging; preparations: whole animal (ETOH); associatedSequences: GenBank: ON435709 ; Taxon: order: Araneae; family: Thomisidae; genus: Synema; specificEpithet: guiyang; scientificNameAuthorship: J. Zhang, Q. Lu & H. Yu,; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Guiyang City; locality: Guiyang Forest Park ; decimalLatitude: 26.55540319; decimalLongitude: 106.75898910; Identification: identifiedBy: Hao Yu; dateIdentified: 2021-11; Event: samplingProtocol: by hand; samplingEffort: 10 km by foot; year: 2021; month: 8; day: 10; Record Level: institutionID: MGEU; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Hao Yu; individualID: YHTHO003; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; behavior: foraging; preparations: whole animal (ETOH); associatedSequences: GenBank: ON435708 ; Taxon: order: Araneae; family: Thomisidae; genus: Synema; specificEpithet: guiyang; scientificNameAuthorship: J. Zhang, Q. Lu & H. Yu,; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Guiyang City; locality: Guiyang Forest Park ; decimalLatitude: 26.55540319; decimalLongitude: 106.75898910; Identification: identifiedBy: Hao Yu; dateIdentified: 2021-11; Event: samplingProtocol: by hand; samplingEffort: 10 km by foot; year: 2021; month: 8; day: 10; Record Level: institutionID: MGEU; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Description

Male (holotype) (Fig. 3 E and Fig. 4 A-C). Total length 3.68; carapace 1.69 long, 1.59 wide; abdomen 1.99 long, 1.33 wide.

Carapace (Fig. 3 E and Fig. 4 A, C) yellowish-brown, sides brown, a pair of coffee-coloured paramedian stripes starting from behind PME and PLE, almost reaching the posterior margin. In dorsal view, anterior eye row (AER) slightly recurved, posterior eye row (PER) distinctly recurved, PER nearly as wide as AER. Eye sizes and interdistances: anterior median eyes (AME) 0.08, anterior lateral eyes (ALE) 0.15, posterior median eyes (PME) 0.07, posterior lateral eyes (PLE) 0.11; distance between AMEs (AME-AME) 0.16, distance between AME and ALE (AME-ALE) 0.14, distance between PMEs (PME-PME) 0.20, distance between PME and PLE (PME-PLE) 0.34. Length of median ocular quadrangle (MOQ) 0.37, MOQ anterior width 0.31, MOQ posterior width 0.32. Clypeal height 0.18. Chelicerae yellowish-brown, both margins with one tooth. Labium and endites coloured as chelicerae, endites depressed posteriorly, slightly convergent anteriorly, with dense scopulae on anterior margin; labium nearly hexagona, anterior margin with sparse setae. Sternum yellow, more or less cordiform, 0.86 long, 0.77 wide.

Abdomen (Fig. 4 A-C) elongate-oval in dorsal view, tapering posteriorly, almost flat in profile, shield-shaped. Dorsum centrally with several pairs of grey spots; lateral with five pairs of white spots and with fuzzy pattern represented by numerous horizontal stripes or blotches; venter yellow, without distinct pattern; spinnerets brown.

Legs basically yellowish-brown (Fig. 3 E), all legs with inconspicuous dark brown annuli in the distal parts of femur, patella, tibia and entire metatarsus. Leg length: I 9.29 (2.59, 3.22, 2.37, 1.11), II 9.22 (2.64, 3.22, 2.27, 1.09), III 4.33 (1.33, 1.61, 0.88, 0.51), IV 4.88 (1.31, 1.70, 0.94, 0.53).

Palp (Fig. 2 A-D). Tibia relatively long, more than 1/2 of cymbium length, with three apophyses: a thick, thumb-shaped ventral one (VTA), ca. 1/3 of palpal tibia length; a distinctly small intermediate apophysis (ITA), triangular or dentiform in prolateral view, nearly invisible in ventral view, ~ 1/3 VTA length; and a relatively thin, spiny retrolateral apophysis (RTA). Tegulum circular and relatively flat, anterior part with numerous scale-like furcella; sperm duct (SD) distinct, forming a loop along tegular margin. Embolus (E) filiform, spiralled along tegular margin, but separated from tegulum; embolar base (EB) situated posterior margin of the tegulum (ca. 6 o’clock position), embolar tip (ET) terminated at the retrolateral flank (ca. 3 o’clock position).

Female (Fig. 3 F and Fig. 4 D-F). Total length 3.69; carapace 1.61 long, 1.53 wide; abdomen 2.08 long, 1.86 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.14, PME 0.06, PLE 0.10; AME-AME 0.18, AME-ALE 0.17, PME-PME 0.23, PME-PLE 0.36. MOQL 0.37, MOQA 0.32, MOQP 0.35. Sternum 0.79 long, 0.75 wide. Measurements of legs: I 6.04 (1.57, 1.77, 1.22, 0.74), II 7.50 (2.02, 2.50, 1.48, 0.75), III 3.45 (0.93, 1.09, 0.61, 0.41), IV - (1.04, 0.69, -, -). General characters as in male, but slightly larger in size and lighter in colour.

Epigyne (Fig. 3 A-D). Epigynal plate distinctly wider than long, anterior and lateral margin not delimited, posterior margin rebordered; the arrangement of the various parts of the vulva are clearly visible through the tegument in ventral view. Epigynal plate with an atrium (A) and a hood (H). Atrium large and nearly crescent-shaped, anteriorly located, anterior margin with a triangular membrane (AM), posterior margin distinctly procurved. Hood bell-shaped, located at central portion of epigynal plate, its anterior margin overpasses the posterior margin of atrium. Copulatory openings (CO) indistinct, located antero-laterally to atrial borders, leading to parallel copulatory ducts (CD) directed posteriorly and then running transversely to connect with centrally located spermathecae (SP). Copulatory ducts sac-shaped, strongly twisted with several clearly visible constrictions, forming 3 ~ 4 balloon-shaped structures. Spermathecae distinctly small, papilliform or globular, located on the both sides of the hood, separated by about two diameters. Fertilisation ducts (FD) short and curved, acicular, located on dorsal surface of spermathecae.

DNAbarcode: 5'TATTTGGAGCTTGATCTGCTATAGTAGGGACAGCTATAAGAGTGTTAATTCGTATGGAATTAGGA AGATCTGGAAGATTATTAGGAAATGATCATCTTTATAATGTAATTGTTACCGCTCATGCTTTTGTTATGATTTTTTTTATA GTAATACCTATTTTAATTGGGGGTTTTGGAAATTGATTAGTACCTTTAATGTTAGGGGCTCCTGATATATCTTTCCCTCG GATGAATAATTTATCTTTTTGATTATTACCCCCTTCATTATTTTTATTATTTATATCTTCTATAGTAGAGGTAGGTGTAGGG GCAGGATGAACTGTTTATCCTCCTTTAGCTTCTAGAGTTGGGCATATAGGAGGATCTATAGATTTTGCTATTTTTTCTTT ACATTTAGCTGGAGCTTCTTCTATTATAGGAGCGGTTAATTTTATTTCTACTATTATTAATATACGAACTAGAGGTATAAG AATAGAAAAGGTTCCTTTGTTTGTATGATCTGTATTAATTACAGCTATTTTACTTCTTTTGTCTTTACCTGTATTAGCAGG TGCTATTACTATATTATTAACTGATCGTAATTTTAACACTTCTTTTTTTGATCCTGCAGGGGGAGGGGATCCAATTTTATT TCAACATTTGTTTTGATTTTT3' (holotype, YHTHO002; GenBank: ON435709).

DNAbarcode: 5'TATTTGGAGCTTGATCTGCTATAGTAGGGACGGCTATAAGAGTGTTAATTCGTATGGAATTAGGA AGATCTGGAAGATTATTAGGAAATGATCATCTTTATAATGTAATTGTTACCGCTCATGCTTTTGTCATGATTTTTTTTATA GTAATACCTATTTTAATTGGGGGTTTTGGAAATTGATTAGTACCTTTAATGTTAGGGGCTCCTGATATATCTTTCCCTCG GATAAATAATTTATCTTTTTGATTATTACCCCCTTCATTATTTTTACTATTTATATCTTCTATAGTAGAGGTAGGTGTGGGG GCAGGATGAACTGTTTATCCTCCTCTAGCTTCTAGAGTTGGGCATATAGGAGGATCTATAGATTTTGCTATTTTTTCTTT ACATTTAGCTGGGGCTTCTTCTATTATAGGGGCGGTTAATTTTATTTCTACTATTATTAATATACGAACTAGAGGTATAAG AATAGAAAAGGTTCCTTTGTTTGTATGATCTGTATTAATTACAGCTATTTTACTTCTTTTGTCTTTACCTGTATTAGCAGG TGCTATTACTATATTATTAACTGATCGTAATTTTAACACTTCTTTTTTTGATCCTGCAGGGGGAGGGGATCCAATTTTATT TCAACATTTGTTTTGATTTTT3' (paratype, YHTHO003; GenBank: ON435708).

Diagnosis

The new species resembles S. albomaculatum and S. chikunii in having the similar habitus (abdomen dorsally with characteristic spots) (cf. Fig. 4 A, D and Ono 2001: 230, figs. 65 and 69, Ono 1983: 60, figs. 1-3) and by the general shape of copulatory organs (filiform embolus spiralled along tegular margin, VTA thumb-shaped in males; copulatory duct sac-shaped with several clearly visible constrictions, spermathecae relatively small in females) (cf. Fig. 2 A, D and Fig. 3 B, D and Ono 2001: 230, figs. 66, 67, 71, Ono 1983: 60, figs. 4, 5, 7). S. guiyang sp. nov. can be distinguished from S. albomaculatum and S. chikunii by the following characters: for the males, embolus apically not curved, ITA distinctly smaller than RTA, apex of RTA relatively blunt and not bifurcate (Fig. 2 A, B, D) (vs. embolus apically slightly curved; ITA absent, RTA apically sharp in S. albomaculatum , as in Ono 2001: 230, figs. 66-68; ITA slightly shorter than RTA, RTA apically bifurcate in S. chikunii , as in Ono 1983: 60, figs. 4, 5); for the females, epigyne plate with a large atrium, bell-shaped hood about 1/5 epigyne width (Fig. 3 A, D) (vs. atrium absent, transverse band-shaped hood nearly as wide as epigynal plate, as in Ono 2001: 230, fig. 70 and Ono 1983: 60, fig. 6).

Etymology

The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; noun in apposition.

Distribution

Known from the Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China (Fig. 1 ).

Biology

Synema guiyang sp. nov. is a typical leaf-dwelling spider. The types were obtained from foliage in woods in the core zone of Guiyang Forest Park.

Figures

Figure 1. Distribution record of Synema guiyang sp. nov. (red circle).

Figure 2. Male left palp of the holotype of Synema guiyang sp. nov. A Ventral view; B Dorsal view; C Prolateral view; D Retrolateral view. Abbreviations: E = embolus; EB = embolar base; ET = embolar tip; ITA = intermediate tibial apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; SD = sperm duct; T = tegulum; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (equal for A-D).

Figure 3. Synema guiyang sp. nov., female paratype and male holotype, epigyne (A-D), frontal views of prosoma (E - F). A - B Macerated epigyne, ventral and dorsal; C - D Epigyne, macerated and embedded in Arabic gum, ventral and dorsal; E Male; F Female. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AM = atrial membrane; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilisation duct; H = hood; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (equal for A-D); 1 mm (E, F).

Figure 4. Habitus of Synema guiyang sp. nov., male holotype (A-C) and female paratype (D-F). A, D Dorsal view; B, E Ventral view; C, F Lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (equal for A-C, equal for D-F).