Symplegma brakenhielmi ( Michaelsen, 1904 )

Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, Zootaxa 4933 (1), pp. 1-38 : 26-27

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:56476487-ABC9-4C1C-A73F-D39E55DB9005
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4547964
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB593765-FFB0-E72B-FF6C-F99BFB3CFDD9
treatment provided by	Plazi (2021-02-18 07:13:21, last updated 2024-11-29 10:16:15)
scientific name	Symplegma brakenhielmi ( Michaelsen, 1904 )
status

Treatment

Symplegma brakenhielmi ( Michaelsen, 1904) NEW RECORD

Figure 10F, G View FIGURE 10

Colonies usually somewhat translucent, variously colored in life but the colors fade or disappear in formalin. Zooids with 10-11 rows of stigmata, branchial sac with four longitudinal vessels per side. Atrial siphon dorsal, far from oral siphon. Variable number of stomach folds, large curved caecum on medial side of stomach. When mature, ovary and testis both present on each side. This species can be difficult to identify unless the gonads are fully mature. It has undoubtedly been common though unrecognized in Singapore for some time, based on its wide distribution in the tropical Indo-Pacific and its frequent appearance as fouling worldwide. See discussion by Monniot C. (1983b).

#1206, living colony very transparent, no pigment.

#2598, on a piece of dead coral. Very thin tunic, flat transparent zooids. About 10 stomach folds. Gonads with both ovary and branched testes.

#3827A, on a large Polycarpa argentata . Zooids greenish-brown at oral end, white at posterior end ( Fig. 4F View FIGURE 4 ); color disappears in fixative ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ). Zooids 3 mm in length.

Distribution: Hong Kong, Indonesia, Thailand, Bahrain, Fiji, Australia, New Caledonia, Palau, Guam, China, Noumea, Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean, Hawaii, Caribbean, French Guiana, Brazil, Martinique, Galápagos, Israel (Mediterranean).

Detailed references: Kott (1981, 1985 as S. oceania ; 2004), Monniot C. (1983b; 1988 as S. oceania Tokioka, 1961 ), Monniot C. et al. (1985 as S. oceania ), Monniot C. & Monniot F. (1987 as S. oceania ; 1997), Abbott et al. (1997 as S. oceania ), Monniot F. (2018b). Other references: Monniot F. & Monniot C. (2001, 2008), Rocha & Costa (2005), Rocha et al. (2005), Shenkar & Loya (2009), Lambert (2003, 2019), Monniot F. (2016).

References

Abbott, D. P., Newberry, A. T. & Morris, K. M. (1997) Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii. 6 B: Ascidians (Urochordata). Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, 64 pp.

Kott, P. (1981) The ascidians of the reef flats of Fiji. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 105, 147 - 212.

Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440.

Lambert, G. (2003) Marine biodiversity of Guam: the Ascidiacea. Micronesica, 35 - 36, 588 - 597.

Lambert, G. (2019) Fouling ascidians (Chordata: Ascidiacea) of the Galapagos: Santa Cruz and Baltra Islands. Aquatic Invasions, 14, 132 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.1.05

Michaelsen, W. (1904) Revision der compositen Styeliden oder Polyzoen. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten, 21 (2), 1 - 124.

Rocha, R. M. & Costa, L. V. G. (2005) Ascidians (Urochordata: Ascidiacea) from Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 95, 57 - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212005000100009

Shenkar, N. & Loya, Y. (2009) Non-indigenous ascidians (Chordata: Tunicata) along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Marine Biodiversity Records, 2, 1 - 7. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267209990753

Tokioka, T. (1961) Ascidians collected during the Melanesia Expedition of the Osaka Museum of Natural History I. Ascidians presented by Dr. R. L. A. Catala of the Aquarium of Noumea. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 9, 104 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 174659

Figures

FIGURE 4. A–D: Eudistoma laysani. A: whole living colony 3 cm across; B: one head; C: unhatched tadpole 800 µm in length; D: one head of preserved colony. E: Eudistoma regina, part of large colony; F: Aplidium cf. grisiatum colony 1.5 cm in width; G–H: Pseudodistoma fragile. G: whole living colony 4 cm across; H: single zooid 8 mm in length, somewhat contracted. Scale bar: E, 0.4 cm.

FIGURE 10. A: Polycarpa captiosa dorsal ganglion; B, C: Polycarpa cf. olitoria. B: right side in tunic, 5 cm in length; C: left side removed from tunic showing row of gonads. D: Polycarpa papillata right side, 7 cm in length; E: Styela canopus siphonal scales 15 µm in length; F, G: Symplegma brakenhielmi. F: live colony; G: single preserved zooid from same colony, 3 mm in length.