Styela canopus ( Savigny, 1816 )

Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, Zootaxa 4933 (1), pp. 1-38 : 26

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:56476487-ABC9-4C1C-A73F-D39E55DB9005
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4547962
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB593765-FFB0-E728-FF6C-FD6BFE0CFA25
treatment provided by	Plazi (2021-02-18 07:13:21, last updated 2024-11-29 10:16:15)
scientific name	Styela canopus ( Savigny, 1816 )
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Styela canopus ( Savigny, 1816)

Figure 10E View FIGURE 10

Specimens rarely more than 2 cm in length; siphons sometimes blackish, with reddish mottled and striped lining. Oral siphon at anterior end, atrial siphon a short distance behind. Siphonal lining with minute flattened and pointed spines or scales about 15 µm long by 11.5 µm wide at base which continue on the tunic surface outside the siphons (see Kott 1985). Dorsal tubercle a rounded U, opening anteriorly; ganglion directly posterior to dorsal tubercle. Numerous endocarps on body wall and on the gut loop. Two elongate gonads per side.

#0154B, two gonads per side though only one visible on each side in Fig. 10E View FIGURE 10 . One gammarid amphipod in branchial sac.

#3784A, small, about 8 mm long x 10 mm wide in warty tunic. Twenty-nine oral tentacles. Anus with about a dozen rounded lobes. One small immature gonad visible on each side.

#3827C, four small specimens on a Polycarpa argentata .

#3850B, small, 1.7 cm across, but with large gonads.

Worldwide distribution: China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, W. Indian Ocean, Okinawa, Marquesas Is., Japan, Palau, Guam, French Polynesia, Galápagos, Hawaii, southern California, Australia, New Caledonia, Majuro, Bahrain, Red Sea, S. Africa, West Indies, Martinique, SE U.S., Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, Brazil, Mediterranean.

Detailed references with illustrations: Van Name (1945, as S. partita (Stimpson, 1852)) , Millar (1975), Tokioka & Nishikawa (1975), Kott & Goodbody (1982), Kott (1985), Nishikawa (1991), Abbott et al. (1997), Monniot C. et al. (2001), Monniot F. (2012, 2018b), Lee et al. (2013). Other references: Nishikawa (1984), Monniot C. (1983b, 1988, 2002), Monniot C. et al. (1985), Monniot C & Monniot F. (1987, 1994, 1997), Zheng (1995), Lambert (2002, 2003, 2019), Monniot F. & Monniot C. (2001, 2003), Lambert et al. (2005), Rocha & Kremer (2005), Rocha et al. (2005, 2012), Lee et al. (2016).

References

Abbott, D. P., Newberry, A. T. & Morris, K. M. (1997) Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii. 6 B: Ascidians (Urochordata). Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, 64 pp.

Kott, P. & Goodbody, I. (1982) The ascidians of Hong Kong. In: Morton, B. S. & Tseng, C. K. (Eds.), Proceedings of the First International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, Hong Kong, 1980. University Press, Hong Kong, pp. 503 - 554.

Kott, P. (1985) The Australian Ascidiacea part 1, Phlebobranchia and Stolidobranchia. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 23, 1 - 440.

Lambert, G. (2002) Nonindigenous ascidians in tropical waters. Pacific Science, 56, 291 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.1353 / psc. 2002.0026

Lambert, G. (2003) Marine biodiversity of Guam: the Ascidiacea. Micronesica, 35 - 36, 588 - 597.

Lambert, G., Faulkes, Z., Lambert, C. C. & Scofield, V. L. (2005) Ascidians of South Padre Island, Texas, with a key to species. Texas Journal of Science, 57, 251 - 262.

Lambert, G. (2019) Fouling ascidians (Chordata: Ascidiacea) of the Galapagos: Santa Cruz and Baltra Islands. Aquatic Invasions, 14, 132 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.1.05

Lee, S. S. - C., Teo, S. L. - M. & Lambert, G. (2013) New records of solitary ascidians on artificial structures in Singapore waters. Marine Biodiversity Records, 6, 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267213000638

Lee, S. S. - C., Chan, J. Y-H., Teo, S. L. - M. & Lambert, G. (2016) State of knowledge of ascidian diversity in South China Sea and new records for Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 34, 718 - 743.

Millar, R. H. (1975) Ascidians from the Indo-West-Pacific region in the Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (Tunicata, Ascidiacea). Steenstrupia, 3, 205 - 336.

Nishikawa, T. (1984) Ascidians from the Truk Islands, Ponape Island and Majuro Atoll (Tunicata, Ascidiacea). Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 27, 107 - 140.

Nishikawa, T. (1991) The ascidians of the Japan Sea. II. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 35, 25 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 176172

Rocha, R. M. & Kremer, L. P. (2005) Introduced ascidians in Paranagua Bay, Parana, southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22, 1170 - 1184. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752005000400052

Savigny, J. C. (1816) Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres. Part 2. G. Dufour, Paris, 239 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 125513

Tokioka, T., & Nishikawa, T. (1975) Contribution to the Japanese ascidian fauna. 27. Some ascidians from Okinawa, with notes on a small collection from Hong Kong. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 22, 323 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 175896

Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476.

Zheng, C. (1995) Species diversity of ascidian in the coastal China Seas. Chinese Biodiversity, 3 (4), 201 - 205.

Figures

FIGURE 10. A: Polycarpa captiosa dorsal ganglion; B, C: Polycarpa cf. olitoria. B: right side in tunic, 5 cm in length; C: left side removed from tunic showing row of gonads. D: Polycarpa papillata right side, 7 cm in length; E: Styela canopus siphonal scales 15 µm in length; F, G: Symplegma brakenhielmi. F: live colony; G: single preserved zooid from same colony, 3 mm in length.