Myosotidium Hook., Bot. Mag.
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.270.4.1 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB2887A7-FFD7-FFF7-F8B6-FBA8FCFDF949 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Myosotidium Hook., Bot. Mag. |
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Myosotidium Hook., Bot. Mag. View in CoL 85 (1859: 5137)
Type species: M. nobile (Hook.f.) Hook. ( Cynoglossum nobile Hook.f. )
Description: —Perennial erect herbs. Stem pilose with short, simple trichomes, glabrescent. Leaves simple with entire margin, alternate along stem but mostly basally crowded. Leaves widely ovate to reniform. Leaves petiolate, bases attenuate to cuneate, apex subacute to obtuse. Upper lamina glabrous and glossy. Lower leaf lamina more or less densely pubescent with simple trichomes, later glabrescent. Leaves arched (eucamptodromous) with veins running to the apex, appearing parallel-veined (parallelodromous). Leaf apex obtuse. Flowers in ebracteose (rarely few frondose bracts at base) congested, paniculate-appearing thyrsoids. Pedicels strigose, almost as long as calyx, postflorally elongating and deflexed. Calyx strigose, tube ca. 1/4 to 1/3 of the total length, lobes widely ovate, apex obtuse to acute or acuminate, margin entire. Corolla hypocrateriform, corolla lobes subcircular with obtuse apex, margin entire; white or purple in buds, turning blue at anthesis; faucal scales white, 2-lobed. Stamens 5, bithecate, filaments inserted in corolla tube, anthers included, not exceeding the faucal scales. Gynoecium superior, with 4-parted ovary, gynobase pyramidal, style gynobasic, filiform. Nutlets (4–) 1 by abortion, dorsiventrally strongly flattened, glabrous with papery wing. ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ) Monotypic, Chatham Islands ( New Zealand).
1. Myosotidium hortensia (Decne.) Baill., Hist. Pl. [Baillon] 10 (1890: 383, ADNOT. 1)
Basionym: Myosotis hortensia Decne. in Del., Icon. Select. Pl. 5 (1846: 42, t. 99).
Original citation: “In Chatam legit Cl. navarchus Cecile.”
Holotype:— NEW ZEALAND. Chatham Islands, dans les sables maritimes, November 1838, Anon. s.n. ( P00622862 !).
= Myosotidium nobile (Hook.f.) Hook., Bot. Mag. 85 (1859: 5137).
≡ Cynoglossum nobile Hook.f., Gard. Chron. 1858 (13) (1858: 240).
Original citation: “This is the plant exhibited by Mr. Watson, of St. Alban’s, at the last meeting of the Horticultural Society.”
Lectotype (designated here):— NEW ZEALAND. Chatham Islands, Anon. s.n. ( K001067059 !). ‒ original material?: Without details, Anon. s.n. ( K001067060 !).
Description: —(partly based on de Lange et al. (2010)): Perennial, rhizomatous herb, up to 1 m. Stem pilose with short (0.2–0.3 mm) trichomes, glabrescent. Leaves alternate toward the apex of thick rhizome but often basally crowded, broadly ovate to reniform, 15–40 × 15–40 cm. Petioles basiscopically strigose, 10–50 cm. Leaf base attenuate, apex subacute to obtuse. Lamina adaxially glabrous, glossy, abaxially minutely, basiscopically strigose, glabrescent.Venation arched with prominent primary vein and 3–5 side veins on each side, in basal leaves often emerging from the leaf base, appearing parallel-veined. Cauline leaves sessile with cuneate base or shortly petiolate, smaller, broadly lanceolate or elliptic, side veins mostly emerging along primary vein, arched. Inflorescence complex thyrsoids, appearing as umbel-shaped panicles. Pedicels strigose with acroscopically-appressed short (0.2–0.3 mm), simple trichomes, 10–15 mm long. Calyx tube ca. 1–2.5 mm long, strigose, lobes 1.8–4.5 × 2–2.5 mm, broadly elliptic, apex obtuse. Corolla hypocrateriform, 12–15 mm in diam.; tube 2 mm long; lobes 4–4.5 × 5–6 mm, orbicular, rounded, overlapping, apex obtuse; white or purple in buds, turning blue at anthesis, colouration deeper towards the centre, occasionally white, faucal scales white, 2-lobed. Stamens epipetalous, included in corolla tube, filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, anther 1–1.2 mm. Pollen unknown. Gynoecium superior, with 4-parted ovary, style gynobasic, filiform, 0.7–1 mm, stigma capitate. Nutlets (4–) 1 by abortion, ca. 10–15 mm in diam. with a 1–2.5 mm wide serrate, papery wing. Broadly ovate with acute base. Dorsiventrally flattened, glabrous. Cicatrix long triangulate, covering> ½ of adaxial nutlet surface. ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 )
Notes: — Heenan & Schönberger (2009) designated an illustration as neotype for Cynoglossum nobile . With present knowledge, this neotypification is not legitimate because 1) designations of illustrations as types are only allowed if they are original material (then lectotype), and 2) neotypification is superfluous since there is physical original material in K in Hooker’s Herbarium. The material here designated as lectotype is accompanied by a label stating that it originates from the Chatham Islands, and that it belongs to the plant that was exhibited at the Horticultural Society in March 1858. Leaf and inflorescence fragments of the specimen were likely taken from the actual plant used to make the description. Although the type fragments are scanty, they suffice to be certain about the identity to what was also described as Myosotis hortensia . The other fragments (K001067060) lack any original data, only a remark “Bot. Mag. Sept. [18]59” indicating where the name Myosotidium nobile was published. This is possibly also original material and might have served for the descriptions of the flowers, although Hooker did not mention the fruits. The note attached on the specimen sheet rather indicates that the description of the plant is based on observations on the living plant by John Lindley.
Heenan & Schönberger’s suggestion to correct the epithet from hortensia to hortensium (2009) is to be rejected. The name “ hortensia ” is clearly used as a noun, which retains its gender and termination (Art. 23.5; McNeill et al. 2012; Garnock-Jones 2014; Hilger et al. 2015).
Habitat and distribution: — M. hortensia is a coastal megaherb restricted to the Chatham Islands, where it is reported, e.g., from the Chatham, Pitt, South East, Mangere, and Little Mangere Islands. It forms large colonies in the wild, growing essentially on the upper reaches of the beach under the direct influence of the salt-spray and sea-winds. The spectacular plant is frequently cultivated, especially in the UK, for its ornamental leaves and flowers.
Conservation status: —The species is considered as “Threatened ‒ Nationally Vulnerable” following the New Zealand Threat Classification System according to de Lange et al. (2010).
Specimens examined:— NEW ZEALAND. Chatham Islands: Chatham Islands, H.H.Travers 36 (K001067058). Chatham Islands, 1864, H.H. Travers s.n. (K001067071). Chatham Islands, H.H. Travers s.n. (W0065338). Chatham Islands, F.A.D. Cox s.n. (BM). Chatham Islands, R. Hawking s.n. (W1889-79344). CULTIVATED. In Park Gardens, Timaru, New Zealand, A.W. Anderson 99 (P04083434). New Zealand, cult. in Wellington, October 1929, A. Meebold 5639 (M). Neu-Seeland, York Bay, October 1932, A. Meebold 18327 (M). Cultivated at Inverewe, Poolewe, Ross-shire [New Zealand], 11 September 1970, G.E. Collins s.n. (BM). In Botanischer Garten München, Alpinenhaus, 18 April 1996, Anon. s.n. (M). Botanischer Garten München, May 2000, H.H. Hilger DNA 639 (B100327145).
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