Karualona karua (King, 1853)
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.3.4 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DF53F8C8-C023-446C-8458-F2E0D2937A07 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B67887A9-FFC8-FFC7-1EF8-AE92FDDBFDEF |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Karualona karua (King, 1853) |
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Karualona karua (King, 1853) View in CoL
Common species in Cat Tien ( Sinev & Korovchinsky 2013). Species was abundant in locality 4, and present in most samples in localities 1–3. Several ephippial females and males were found in locality 4 on 28.12.2017 and 21.01.2018.
Morphology of parthenogenetic females in studied populations fully agrees with that reported by Van Damme et al. (2013) for populations from South Thailand, and by Sinev et al. (2015) for populations from Hainan. All studied females have very small basal spine on postabdominal claw. Ephippial females and males from South-East Asia were never reported before.
Ephippial female. Body ( Fig. 3 View FIGURE 3 E–F, 4A) similar in shape to that of parthenogenetic female. Ephippium ovoid, moderately high, with weakly-developed egg locules and weakly developed dorsal keel, without distinctive linear sculpture, covered by small dots. Rest of the valve with well-developed linear sculpture.
Male. Body ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 , 5A View FIGURE 5 ) irregular ovoid, with maximum height before midline, lower than in female; height/ length ratio about 0.55. Dorsal margin of valves only weakly convex. Valves covered by well-developed linearpolygonal sculpture, same as in parthenogenetic female. Postanal angle of valves with 1–4 denticles, same as in female. Ocellus and eye of same size as female. Rostrum same as in female.
Postabdomen ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 , 5B View FIGURE 5 ) of moderate length, slightly narrowing distally in postanal portion, with broadly rounded distal angle. Maximum height at postanal angle. Dorsodistal angle not defined. Sperm duct openings located ventrally at 1/4 distance from the end of postabdomen. Preanal angle well-defined, prominent; postanal angle not defined. Distal part of postabdomen 1.5 times longer than preanal; postanal portion 1.5 times longer than anal one. Clusters of short thick setulae in place of marginal denticles; lateral fascicles of setulae same as in female. Postabdominal claw ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ) short and curved, 1.5 times shorter than that of female, slightly shorter than preanal margin of postabdomen; basal spine rudimentary, can be clearly observed in SEM only.
Antennule ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ) thicker than in female, length about 2.5 widths, with 10 terminal and 2 lateral aesthetascs located near base of male seta. Longest terminal aesthetascs and lateral aesthetascs of about 2/3 length of antennule. Male seta arising at 1/4 length from tip, of about 1/5 of antennule length.
Thoracic limb I ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 F–I) stouter than that of female, with short U-shaped copulatory hook, 2.5 times shorter than the limb itself. IDL seta 1 short and curved; setae 2 and 3 of similar length, thinner and shorter than in female, armed with thin setulae; male seta almost straight, as long as seta 3. Copulatory brushy seta 1.5 times shorter than male seta. A row of about 15 short setulae on ventral face of limb under copulatory brush. Inner seta (1) of endite 3 more slender than in female.
Size. In single studied ephippial female length was 0.35–0.39 mm, height 0.25–0.28 mm; in adult male, length was 0.3–0.34 mm, height 0.19–0.21 mm.
Taxonomic notes. This is the first full description of the male of Karualona karua from South-East Asia. The only full description of the male of Karualona genus was produced for K. iberica ( Alonso & Pretus 1989) . Studied males of K. karua clearly differs from males of K. iberica in the absence of basal spine on postabdominal claw and in two lateral aesthetascs on antennule instead of one in K. iberica . Postabdomen of K. karua is somewhat wider and less narrowing distally than in K. iberica . There are no significant differences in habitus, armament of postabdomen and morphology of thoracic limb I between these two species. Males of Karualona sp. reported from China as Alona karua ( Chiang & Du 1979) have well-developed basal spine on postadomen claw. According to Venkataraman (1995) in males of Karualona from India, basal spine can be present or absent. This agrees with the opinion of Van Damme et.al. (2013) that K. iberica penetrate East to these countries, but we cannot exclude the presence of new, not yet described Oriental Karualona species. Males are still unknown for two other species of Karualona from South-East Asia, K. kwangsiensis (Chiang, 1963) and K. serrulata Van Damme, Maiphae & Sa-ardrit, 2013 (see Van Damme et al. 2013; Tiang-nga et al. 2020).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.