Bethylus Latreille, 1802

Wang, Chung-Hong, He, Jun-Hua & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2021, Taxonomy of Bethylus (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from China with description of nine new species, Zootaxa 4974 (2), pp. 361-382 : 362-363

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.2.6
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1BCA80C0-C39F-43C0-9E90-BA594DB38CC3
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4891429
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B65F87E1-FF98-FF98-0DE8-1937FA16CE90
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Bethylus Latreille, 1802
status

Treatment

Bethylus Latreille, 1802: 315 . Type species: Omalus fuscicornis Jurine, 1807 .

Anoxus Thomson, 1862: 452 . Type species: Anoxus boops Thomson, 1862 . Synonymy by Polaszek & Krombein 1994.

Anoxys Dalla Torre, 1898. Unjustified emendation to Anoxus by Dalla Torre (1898, 5: 550)

Perisemus Förster, 1856: 95-96 . Type species: Bethylus triareolatus Förster, 1856 . Synonymy by Kieffer 1905 (in Kieffer & Marshall 1904 –1906).

Episemus Thompson, 1862: 452 . Type species: Epysemus variabilis Thompson, 1862 [1861]. Synonymy by Richards 1939.

Digoniozus Kieffer, 1905 . Type species: Perisemus oregonensis Ashmead, 1893 . Synonymy by Evans 1962.

Diagnosis. Clypeus short, usually not strongly angulated medially; antenna with 10 flagellomeres; notauli absent; parapsidal signum usually present; lateral marginal carina of metapectal-propodeal disc present; metapostnotal median carina and metapostnotal lateral carina absent; prestigma of forewing absent; Rs+M 2 v usually short as stub; second radial 1 cell of forewing (2R1 2 c) open apically; posterior margin of hypopygium bilobate; paramere of male genitalia distinctly divided into two parts, ventral and dorsal arms.

Biology. Most of the host records known of Bethylus species are lepidopterous larvae, e.g., Agonoxenidae , Tortricidae , Zygaenidae , Cosmopterigidae , Coleophoridae , and Gelechiidae ( Evans 1964; Richards 1939). Richards (1939) reported that Bethylus amoenus Fouts, 1928 attacks the larvae of both Lepidoptera and Coleoptera .

Distribution. Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental Regions.

Key to the Chinese Bethylus species

1. Median clypeal lobe with apex rounded................................................................... 2

- Median clypeal lobe with apex truncate................................................................... 7

2. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle obtuse ( Fig. 3b View FIGURE 3 )............................................ B. gansensis sp. nov.

- Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute ( Fig. 1b View FIGURE 1 )............................................................. 3

3. LH at least 1.24 × width; POL at least 3.80 × DAO.......................................................... 4

- LH less than 1.20 × width; POL less than 3.20 × DAO....................................................... 5

4. Eye distinctly protuberant ( Fig. 1b View FIGURE 1 ); median clypeal lobe long; median clypeal carina rounded in lateral view ( Fig. 1e View FIGURE 1 )........................................................................................ B. convexus sp. nov.

- Eye not distinctly protuberant ( Fig. 10b View FIGURE 10 ); median clypeal lobe short; median clypeal carina almost arched in right angle in lateral view ( Fig. 10e View FIGURE 10 )................................................... B. sinensis Xu, He & Terayama, 2002

5. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest more than 2.80 × DAO; median clypeal lobe slightly protuberant ( Fig. 4b View FIGURE 4 )................................................................................... B. glabricarinatus sp. nov.

- Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest less than 1.50 × DAO; median clypeal lobe distinctly protuberant ( Fig. 6b View FIGURE 6 ).... 6

6. Head thickened in lateral view ( Fig. 2e View FIGURE 2 ); median clypeal carina distinctly protuberant in lateral view ( Fig. 2e View FIGURE 2 )............................................................................................ B. crassicapitis sp. nov.

- Head not thickened in lateral view ( Fig. 6e View FIGURE 6 ); median clypeal carina incurved in lateral view ( Fig. 6e View FIGURE 6 )... B. incurvus sp. nov.

7. DPV more than 2.40 × DAO....................................................... B. quadraticapitis sp. nov.

- DPV less than 1.50 × DAO............................................................................. 8

8. Apex of cuspis narrow ( Fig. 5k View FIGURE 5 )....................................................... B. hunanensis sp. nov.

- Apex of cuspis rounded ( Fig. 8k View FIGURE 8 )........................................................................ 9

9. Median depression of hypopygium broad ( Fig. 8i View FIGURE 8 ); apical margin of cuspis strongly echinate.......... B. prolatus sp. nov.

- Median depression of hypopygium narrow and deep ( Fig. 7h View FIGURE 7 ); apical margin of cuspis not echinate ( Fig. 7j View FIGURE 7 )................................................................................................. B. ningxicus sp. nov.