Afroestricus, Scarbrough Table Of Contents, 2005

Scarbrough Table Of Contents, Aubrey G., 2005, Afroestricus, a new Afrotropical Ommatine (Diptera: Asilidae) genus with twenty species and two species groups, Zootaxa 1041 (1), pp. 1-76 : 11-14

Key to the species of Afroestricus

The key to species herein is based largely on male specimens. The terminalia of a male, preferably dissected, is the most reliable means of identifying species. Not all females can be identified with confidence in the absence of associated males. However, reliable characters that apply to males and females are integrated in the key whenever possible.

1. Cell r 4 wide apically with vein R 4 strongly curved forward before wing margin ( Fig. 3a ); cell r 1 round apically except in A. varipes , veins R 2+3 curved forward>50° apically ( Fig. 3a ); tergum 9 of female long, 1/4 to 1/3 as long as cercus, entirely sclerotized dorsally ( Figs. 11 , 21 , 61 , 77 , 107 , 127 , 137 , 147 , 157 , 183 ), membranous in falaui ( Fig. 41 ); males> 10 mm ( macroscelis species group) ...................................... 2

­ Cell r 4 narrow apically with vein R 4 only slightly curved forward before wing margin ( Fig. 3b ); cell r 1 narrow apically, veins R 2+3 gradually curved forward <50° apically ( Fig. 3b ); tergum 9 of female mostly membranously dorsomedially, sometimes narrowly sclerotized and straplike ( Figs. 31 , 51 , 87 , 97 , 111 , 173 ); males <10 mm ( minutus species group) ........................................................................................................ 15

2. Dorsal postocular bristles short, thick, and only slightly proclinate, apex of longest bristle at or just beyond posterior margin of eye ( Fig. 4a ) ............................................ 3

­ Dorsal postocular bristles much longer thinner and strongly proclinate, apex of longest bristle well before posterior margin of eye ( Fig. 4b ); tergum 9 of female membranously or narrowly straplike dorsally.......................................................................... 10

3. Femora mostly to entirely black.................................................................................... 4

­ Femora yellow, narrow apex brown ............................................................................. 5

4. Femora entirely black; flagellum as long as scape; terminalia as in Figs. 15–24 : (eastern and central Africa) ............................................................... chiastoneurus (Speiser)

­ Femora yellow to red dorsally; flagellum usually much longer than scape; terminalia as in Figs. 141–150 ; (Cameroon­Nigeria east to Uganda) .................... varipes (Curran)

5. Marginal scutellar bristles, one to two lateral mesonotal bristles, and most ventral hind femoral bristles yellow; tergum 9 of female membranous dorsally ( Fig. 41 ); terminalia as in Figs. 35–44 ; ( Gambia, Senegal) .......................................................... fulaui , sp. n.

­ Scutellum, mesonotum, and hind femur with only black bristles; tergum 9 entirely sclerotized dorsally ....................................................................................................... 6

6. Apical 1/3 of middle femur with only posteroventral setae; male with hind femur slen­ der, HFWLR>1.0:4.0.................................................................................................... 7

­ Apical 1/3 of middle femur with a stout posteroventral bristle; male with hind femur swollen, HFWLR<1.0:3.7 ............................................................................................ 8

7. Body stout, gonostylus narrow, terminalia otherwise as in Figs. 131–140 ; (eastern Africa) ............................................................................................................. variabilis (Engel)

­ Body slender, gonostylus wide, triangular, terminalia otherwise as in Figs. 151–160 ; (western and central Africa) ...................................................................... velatus , sp. n.

8. Epandrium with a deep dorsal apical notch, apical margin angular; terminalia as in Figs. 177–186 ; ( Angola, Chad, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Senegal, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo) ..................................................................... vittatus (Curran)

­ Epandrium without a deep apical notch, apical margin broadly rounded, terminalia otherwise differing from above ..................................................................................... 9

9. Dorsal margin of epandrium with a small, narrow notch medially; terminalia as in Figs. 121–130 ; ( Ghana)............................................................................ sankofa , sp. n.

­ Dorsal margin of epandrium without a small, narrow notch medially, small dorsoapical notch present; terminalia as in Figs. 187–192 ; ( Niger, Uganda) ................. vorax , sp. n.

10. Femora yellow, narrow apex brown............................................................................ 11 ­ Femora mostly or entirely black.................................................................................. 14

11. Fore coxa yellow; scape and pedicel yellow to brownish­yellow; male hind femur strongly swollen, HFWLR 1.0:3.1; terminalia as in Figs. 101–110 ; ( Madagascar) ....... ....................................................................................................... persuasus (Oldroyd)

­ Fore coxa blackish; scape and pedicel brown to black; male hind femur slender to moderately swollen, HFWLR>1.0:3.2 ...................................................................... 12

12. Dorsal postocular bristles long, apex of longest bristle just before to above ocellar tubercle posteriorly; terminalia as in Figs. 5–14 ; ( Ethiopia) ................. abyssinia , sp. n.

­ Dorsal postocular bristles shorter, apex of longest bristle about 1/3 distance to ocellar tubercle.......................................................................................................................13

13. Pronotum with yellow bristles; antennae ventrally with short setae, shortest about as long as pedicel; apex of cell m 3 long, oblique; apical 1/3 of epandrium dorsally gradually oblique, well defined notch absent, terminalia otherwise as in Figs. 161–166 ; ( Democratic Republic of Congo) ............................................................. verutus , sp. n.

­ Pronotum with black bristles; antennae ventrally with setae much longer than pedicel; apex of cell m 3 short; apical 1/3 of epandrium dorsally with a well defined notch, terminalia otherwise as in Figs. 65–70 ; ( Tanzania) ..................................... kimerus , sp. n.

14. Femora mostly black, at least apical 1/4 yellow; hind femur with mostly yellow bristles; hind tarsus partly yellow with sparse yellow bristles; terminalia as in Figs. 55–64 ; ( Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda) .................................................................... insectaris , sp. n.

­ Femora and tarsi entirely black; hind femur and hind tarsus with only black bristles; terminalia as in Figs. 71–80 ; ( Eritrea) ............................................. macroscelis (Bezzi)

15. Hind leg and hind tarsus entirely brown; male hind femur swollen HFWLR 1.0: 3.3– 1.0:3.8; male terminalia black; terminalia as in Figs. 167–176 ; ( Tanzania) victus , sp. n.

­ Hind leg and basal tarsomere of hind tarsus mostly yellow, narrow apices brown; male hind femur slender, HFWLR>1.0:4.5; male terminalia usually brown to brownish­yellow with yellowish apical margins.............................................................................. 16

16. Long, stout dorsocentral bristles extend anteriorly to posterior margin of postpronotum; apical abdominal segments of female with stout bristles; spermatheca smooth, without minute rings; terminalia as in Figs. 111–120 ; ( Ghana, Nigeria) sadaukii , sp. n.

­ Long stout dorsocentral bristles extend to or just anterior to transverse suture; apical abdominal segments of female usually without stout bristles; spermatheca annulated or smooth..................................................................................................................... 17

17. Antenna and tarsi mostly yellow; apical abdominal segments of female with stout bristles; spermatheca annulated, and short, straight with wide base tapered to narrow apex ( Fig. 89 ); male terminalia mostly to entirely yellow ( Figs. 81–90 ); ( Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa) ...................................................... minutus (Bromley)

­ Antenna and tarsi mostly brown; spermatheca reflected ( Figs. 33 , 53 , 99 ); male terminalia mostly brown...................................................................................................... 18

18. Dorsal postocular bristles long, apex above ocellar tubercle; four stout dorsocentral bristle present, anterior most bristle at or just behind transverse suture; basal 1/3 of hind femur of male with yellow bristles ventrally; apical abdominal segments of female with stout bristles; spermatheca of female annulate ( Fig. 99 ); terminalia as in Figs. 91–100 ; ( Tanzania) ........................................................................... morani , sp. n.

­ Dorsal postocular bristles shorter, at 1/3 to 1/2 distance to ocellar tubercle; three to four stout dorsocentral bristles present, anterior most bristle well behind transverse suture; apical abdominal segments of female with thin bristles; spermatheca variable ..................................................................................................................................... 19

19. Epandrium with a prominent hook apically ( Fig. 45 ); spermatheca smooth ( Fig. 53 ); terminalia otherwise as in Figs. 45–54 ; ( Malawi) ................................... hamulus , sp. n.

­ Epandrium without a prominent hook apically ( Fig. 25 ); spermatheca annulate ( Fig. 33 ); terminalia otherwise as in Figs. 25–34 ; ( Malawi, Mozambique) .. eminentis , sp. n.

Figures

FIGURES 3–4. Character states of the wing and postocular bristles of the subgenus Afroestricus Scarbrough. 3a–b. Wing venation of the macroscelis and the minutus species groups. 4a–b. Short, erect and long, thin, postocular bristles bristles. Abbrevations: First radial cell=r1; fourth radial cell=r4; discal cell=d; radial­medial crossvein=r­m; first medial cell=m1; third medial cell=m3.

FIGURES 5–14. Afroestricus abyssinia, sp. n. Male terminalia: 5–7. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 8. Gonostylus. 9–10. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 11–12. Dorsal and ventral views. 13. Spermatheca. 14. Genital fork. Abbreviations: Aedeagus=Ae; cercus=Ce; epandrium=Ep; epandrial flange=Ef; gonocoxite=Gc; lateral and median corner of gonocoxite= L, M; gonostylus=Gs; median corner of gonocoxite; epiphallus=Eph; hypandrium=Hp; tergum 8=T8; tergum 9=T9; sternum 8=St8.

FIGURES 15–24. Afroestricus chiastoneurus (Speiser). Male terminalia: 15–17. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 18. Gonostylus. 19–20. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 21–22. Dorsal and ventral views. 23. Spermatheca. 24. Genital fork with bulbus bursa and three spermathecal ducts.

FIGURES 55–64. Afroestricus insectaris, sp. n. Male terminalia: 55–57. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 58. Gonostylus. 59–60. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 61–62. Dorsal and ventral views. 63. Spermatheca. 64. Genital fork.

FIGURES 71–80. Afroestricus macroscelis (Bezzi). Male terminalia: 71–73. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 74. Gonostylus. 75–76. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 77–78. Dorsal and ventral views. 79. Spermatheca. 80. Genital fork.

FIGURES 101–110. Afroestricus persuasus (Oldroyd). Male terminalia: 101–103. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 104. Gonostylus. 105–106. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 107–108. Dorsal and ventral views. 109. Spermatheca. 110. Genital fork.

FIGURES 121–130. Afroestricus sankofa, sp. n. Male terminalia: 121–123. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 124. Gonostylus. 125–126. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 127–128. Dorsal and ventral views. 129. Spermatheca. 130. Genital fork.

FIGURES 131–140. Afroestricus variabilis (Engel). Male terminalia: 131–133. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 134. Gonostylus. 135–136. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 137–138. Dorsal and ventral views. 139. Spermatheca. 140. Genital fork.

FIGURES 141–150. Afroestricus varipes (Curran). Male terminalia: 141–143. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 144. Gonostylus. 145–146. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 147–148. Dorsal and ventral views. 149. Spermatheca. 150. Genital fork.

FIGURES 151–160. Afroestricus velatus, sp. n. Male terminalia: 151–153. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 154. Gonostylus. 155–156. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 157–158. Dorsal and ventral views. 159. Spermatheca. 160. Genital fork.

FIGURES 177–186. Afroestricus vittatus (Curran). Male terminalia: 177–179. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 180. Gonostylus. 181–182. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 183–184. Dorsal and ventral views. 185. Spermatheca. 186. Genital fork.

FIGURES 35–44. Afroestricus fulaui, sp. n. Male terminalia: 35–37. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 38. Gonostylus. 39–40. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 41–42. Dorsal and ventral views. 43. Spermathecae. 44. Genital fork.

FIGURES 25–34. Afroestricus eminentis, sp. n. Male terminalia: 25–27. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 28. Gonostylus. 29–30. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 31–32. Dorsal and ventral views. 33. Spermathecae. 34. Genital fork.

FIGURES 45–54. Afroestricus hamulus, sp. n. Male terminalia: 45–47. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 48. Gonostylus. 49–50. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 51–52. Dorsal and ventral views. 53. Spermatheca. 54. Genital fork.

FIGURES 81–90. Afroestricus minutus (Bromley). Male terminalia: 81–83. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 84. Gonostylus. 85–86. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 87–88. Dorsal and ventral views. 89. Spermatheca. 90. Genital fork.

FIGURES 91–100. Afroestricus morani, sp. n. Male terminalia: 91–93. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 94. Gonostylus. 95–96. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 97–98. Dorsal and ventral views. 99. Spermatheca. 100. Genital fork.

FIGURES 111–120. Afroestricus sadaukii, sp. n. Male terminalia: 111–113. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 114. Gonostylus. 115–116. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 117–118. Dorsal and ventral views. 119. Spermatheca. 120. Genital fork.

FIGURES 167–176. Afroestricus victus, sp. n. Male terminalia: 167–169. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 170. Gonostylus. 171–172. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views. Female terminalia: 173–174. Dorsal and ventral views. 175. Spermatheca. 176. Genital fork.

FIGURES 187–192. Afroestricus vorax, sp. n. Male terminalia: 187–189. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 190. Gonostylus. 191–192. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views.

FIGURES 161–166. Afroestricus verutus, sp. n. Male terminalia: 161–163. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 164. Gonostylus. 165–166. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views.

FIGURES 65–70. Afroestricus kimerus, sp. n. Male terminalia: 65–67. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views. 68. Gonostylus. 69–70. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral views.