Tatia jaracatia, Pavanelli & Bifi, 2009

Pavanelli, Carla Simone & Bifi, Alessandro Gasparetto, 2009, A new Tatia (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from the rio Iguaçu basin, Paraná State, Brazil, Neotropical Ichthyology 7 (2), pp. 199-204 : 200-203

Tatia jaracatia , new species

Figs. 1-3

Tatia sp. Luiz et al., 2005: 183 (checklist, Paraná State, Brazil).— Baumgartner et al., 2006: 2 (checklist, Salto Osório Reservoir, lower rio Iguaçu basin, Brazil).

Holotype. MZUSP 98248 , male, 65.7 mm SL, Brazil, Paraná State, Municípios de Salto do Lontra and Dois Vizinhos, lower rio Iguaçu basin, rio Jaracatiá , 25º38’17”S 53º17’04”W, 25 Nov 1998, Nupélia staff.

Paratypes. All lots from Brazil, Paraná State, lower rio Iguaçu basin, collector Nupélia staff (unless otherwise stated). Municípios de Boa Esperança do Iguaçu and Nova Prata do Iguaçu , rio Jaracatiá , 25 o 37’37”S 53 o 16’52”W : MZUSP 98249 , 2 , 46.5 -48.0 mm SL, 8 Aug 1997 ; NUP 4936 , 4 , 38.1 -46.0 mm SL (1, 46.0 mm SL), 24 Nov 1998 ; NUP 4937 , 1 , 50.8 mm SL, 25 Jan 1999 ; NUP 5327 , 1 c&s, 46.9 mm SL, 25 Jan 1999 ; NUP 5329 , 3 c&s, 44.3-51.8 mm SL, 24 Nov 1998 . Municípios de Boa Vista da Aparecida and Três Barras do Paraná, rio Tormenta , 25 o 25’23”S 53 o 21’09”W : NUP 4958 , 3 , 31.4-58.5 mm SL (1, 51.6 mm SL), 19 Jan 1999 . Municípios de Capitão Leônidas Marques and Realeza (Marmelândia), Salto Caxias Reservoir , upstream from the dam, 25 o 31’55”S 53 o 29’01”W : MNRJ 31909 , 1 , 42.9 mm SL, 21 Jan 1999 ; MZUSP 98250 , 2 , 51.5-55.6 mm SL, 5 and 6 Feb 1998 ; MZUSP 98251 , 1 , 52.2 mm SL, 21 Jan 1999 ; MZUSP 98252 , 1 , 45.4 mm SL, 3 Feb 2001 ; MZUSP 98253 , 1 , 63.0 mm SL, 6 Mar 2000 ; NUP 4947 , 2 , 44.0- 66.3 mm SL (1, 66.3 mm SL), 5 and 6 Jun 1997 ; NUP 4948 , 2 , 47.5- 49.4 mm SL (1, 49.4 mm SL), 28 Jun 2000 ; NUP 4950 , 2 , 60.3-72.2 mm SL, 5 and 6 Feb 1998 ; NUP 4951 , 1 , 49.4 mm SL, 21 Jan 1999 ; NUP 4959 , 2 , 62.8-64.4 mm SL, 4 Apr 1997 ; NUP 5330 , 6 c&s, 40.0- 52.2 mm SL, 21 Jan 1999 . Municípios de Capitão Leônidas Marques and Realeza (Marmelândia), Salto Caxias Reservoir , downstream from the dam, 25 o 31’55”S 53 o 29’01”W : NUP 4957 , 1 , 63.5 mm SL, 17 Dec 1998 . Município de Cruzeiro do Iguaçu, rio Chopim , 25º34’27”S 53º05’49”W : MZUSP 98254 , 1 , 27.4 mm SL, 27 Nov 1999 . Município de Quedas do Iguaçu, Salto Osório Reservoir , 25 o 30’- 25 o 37’S 52 o 43’- 53 o 01’W : NUP 2654 , 4 , 49.3- 53.1 mm SL, Jun 2001 , Copel staff; NUP 3243 , 5 , 42.7-56.8 mm SL, 7 Nov 2003 , Gerpel staff; NUP 4175 , 1 , 54.0 mm SL, 9 Dec 2003 , Gerpel staff; NUP 4176 , 1 , 48.9 mm SL, 25 o 30’49”S 53 o 00’049”W, 5 Dec 2004 , Gerpel. Município de Realeza, rio Cotejipe , 25 o 34’35”S 53 o 30’06”W : NUP 4956 , 1 , 55.3 mm SL, 16 Dec 1998 . Municípios de Salto do Lontra and Dois Vizinhos, rio Jaracatiá , 25 o 38’17”S 53 o 17’04”W : MNRJ 31910 , 1 , 57.0 mm SL, 13 Feb 1997 ; NUP 4931 , 1 , 57.5 mm SL, 11 Mar 1997 ; NUP 4932 , 1 , 56.2 mm SL, 8 Oct 1997 ; NUP 4933 , 2 , 51.8-53.9 mm SL (1, 53.9 mm SL), 25 Nov 1998 . Município de Três Barras do Paraná, rio Adelaide , 25 o 27’18”S 53 o 18’26”W : MNRJ 31912 , 1 , 54.1 mm SL, 20 Nov 1998 ; NUP 4954 , 4 , 54.8-58.7 mm SL (1, 57.0 mm SL), 20 Nov 1998 ; NUP 4955 , 1 , 52.2 mm SL, 13 Dec 1998 ; NUP 5328 , 1 c&s, 49.7 mm SL, 20 Nov 1998 . Municípios de Três Barras do Paraná and Nova Prata do Iguaçu, rio Iguaçu , close to Porto Vorá , 25 o 32’24”S 53 o 18’08”W : MNRJ 31511 , 2 ex., 51.2-54.2 mm SL, 10 Jan 1998 ; NUP 4953 , 1 , 45.9 , 6 Mar 2000 ; NUP 5326 , 1 c&s, 43.2 mm SL, 10 Jan 1998 .

Non-measured paratypes. All lots from Brazil, Paraná State, lower rio Iguaçu basin, collector Nupélia staff. Municípios de Boa Esperança do Iguaçu and Nova Prata do Iguaçu , rio Jaracatiá , 25 o 37’37”S 53 o 16’52”W: NUP 1630 , 2 , 41.8-52.1 mm SL, 4 Oct 2000 ; NUP 4935 , 1 , 42.8 mm SL, 7 Jan 2001 . Municípios de Capitão Leônidas Marques and Realeza, Salto Caxias Reservoir , 25 o 31’55”S 53 o 29’01”W: NUP 4986 , 1 , 52.2 mm SL, 1 Nov 2002 , Copel staff; NUP 4987 , 3 , 48.8-56.1 mm SL, Feb 1997 to Jan 2000. Municípios de Capitão Leônidas Marques and Realeza (Marmelândia), Salto Caxias Reservoir , upstream from the dam, 25 o 31’55”S 53 o 29’01”W: NUP 4946 , 1 , 38.0 mm SL, 3 Oct 2000 . Município de Cruzeiro do Iguaçu, rio Chopim , 25º34’27”S 53º05’49”W: NUP 1743 , 1 , 37.9 mm SL, 25 Nov 2000 ; NUP 1799 , 6 , 28.2-31.5 mm SL, 27 Nov 1999 . Municípios de Três Barras do Paraná and Nova Prata do Iguaçu, rio Iguaçu , close to Porto Vorá , 25 o 32’24”S 53 o 18’08”W: NUP 707 , 10 , 35.2 -48.0 mm SL, 10 Jan 1998 ; NUP 4952 , 1 , 47.3 mm SL, 3 Nov 2000 . Município de São Jorge do Oeste, Salto Osório Reservoir , 25 o 36’28”S 52 o 52’45”W: NUP 4988 , 1 , 55.1 mm SL, 22 Nov 2006 , Gerpel staff.

Diagnosis. Tatia jaracatia can be distinguished from its congeners, except T. aulopygia , T. brunnea , T. dunni , T. galaxias , T. intermedia , and T. neivai , by having large pale blotches over a dark brown base coloration (vs. body with dark brown blotches or more or less uniformly dark in T. boemia , T. caxiuanensis , T. meesi , T. nigra , dark brown base with pale stripes in T. strigata , and body with dark brown midlateral stripe in T. gyrina ). Tatia jaracatia can be distinguished from T. aulopygia by having anal-fin rays of mature males uniformly decreasing in size from third unbranched ray (vs. anal fin of mature males distinctly notched). Tatia jaracatia have large and irregular pale dots over a dark brown base (vs. regular, longitudinally elongated or roundish, and very small in T. galaxias and T. neivai , and longitudinally more elongate pale blotches in T. dunni ). Moreover, juvenile individuals of T. jaracatia possess uniformly dark brown caudal fin (vs. caudal fin uniformly pale, dotted or striped in T. aulopygia , T. intermedia and T. neivai ). Furthermore T. jaracatia have 31 or 32 post-Weberian vertebrae (vs. more than 35 in T. aulopygia , T. dunni and T. intermedia ) and 9 or 10 ribs (vs. 7 in T. galaxias ). Some specimens of T. jaracatia have brown caudal-fin dots arranged as stripes, which might be confused with pale striae to roundish dots on caudal fins of some T. neivai . However, T. jaracatia has three to five (mode = 4, n = 11) hemal spines with thicker distal portion, while T. neivai has two or three (mode = 2, n = 3), in addition to different color pattern of body above mentioned. Tatia jaracatia can be diagnosed from T. intermedia by presenting caudal fin uniformly dark brown or with several dark brown chromatophores irregularly widespread, forming roundish blotches, and rarely forming stripes, and the humeral process long, reaching or surpassing the vertical line through origin of dorsal fin (vs. caudal fin with the same color pattern of the body, and humeral process shorter, not reaching that line).

Description. Morphometric data are presented in Table 1. Body elongated and head slightly depressed. Dorsal profile of body slightly convex from snout tip to adipose fin and somewhat concave on the anterior half of the caudal peduncle, then convex to the caudal-fin rays. Ventral profile of body faintly convex from mandibulary symphysis to pelvic fin and slightly concave from this point to caudal peduncle.

Thin integument over dorsal portion of head, allowing discernible skull roof. Fontanel elliptical and narrow, surrounded by frontals and entering mesethmoid. Third nuchal plate projecting laterally. Mouth terminal, slightly prognathous, possessing three irregular rows of conic premaxillary and dentary teeth. Maxillary barbel occasionally surpassing tip of humeral process. Inner mental barbel on the average approximately 70% of the length of outer mental barbel. Lateral line complete and inconspicuous, more perceptible in juveniles and c&s specimens.

Dorsal-fin rays I,5* (n = 40); dorsal-fin spine with 11 to 18 (15*, mode = 16, n = 33) serrations distributed along anterior edge. Pectoral-fin rays I,4* (n = 41), pectoral-fin spine with 13 to 27 (23*, mode = 22, n = 36) antrorse serrations along anterior edge and 9 to 18 (18*, mode = 16, n = 36) retrorse serrations along posterior edge. Pelvic-fin rays i,5* (n = 43), with second branched ray longest. In males, anal-fin rays iii,6* (n = 18); females ii,7 (n = 23). Forked caudal-fin rays i,7/8,i* (n = 16) and 16 to 20 (mode = 17, n = 14) upper procurrent rays and 15 to 19 (mode = 16, n = 14) lower. Post-Weberian vertebrae 31 (n = 7) or 32 (n = 9), and nine (n = 16) or ten (n = 1) pairs of ribs; last vertebra with vestigial ribs preceded by one without ribs. Color in alcohol. Base color of dorsal and lateral surfaces of head and trunk ranging from light to dark brown; base color of ventral region of head and trunk white, lacking dark chromatophores. Lateral surface of body having pattern of pale blotches ranging from large to small, round to oval, and arranged longitudinally, transversally, or non-uniformly ( Fig. 1 ). Dorsal fin generally hyaline, with scattered dark chromatophores on central or distal portion of first and second branched rays. Pectoral fin hyaline. Pelvic and anal fins hyaline, darkly colored only close to the base. Caudal fin ranging from uniformly dark brown, chiefly in juveniles ( Fig. 1c ), to having brown asymmetrical or oval blotches, or also with diffuse dark chromatophores irregularly arranged, occasionally forming stripes.

Sexual dimorphism. Adult females of Tatia jaracatia have genital and urinary apertures separate, but very close together; and proximal radials of anal fin not fused. Adult males have genital and urinary openings separate as well, but the former is close to the first anal-fin ray origin, and the latter is at vertical line through pelvic-fin tip; upper lobe of caudal fin longer than inferior; three to five* hemal spines above proximal radials distally thicker; first unbranched anal-fin ray reaching about a half length of the second, third unbranched anal-fin ray longer and thicker than second and with two or three* antrorse spines along anterior edge of distal segments, and first branched anal-fin ray with two retrorse spines along anterior portion of median segments ( Fig. 2 ). Proportions between branched and unbranched fin rays differ among sexes as well, as mentioned above.

Distribution. The new species is known from the lower rio Iguaçu basin, upstream from the Iguaçu falls, Southern Brazil ( Fig. 3 ).

Etymology. The species name, jaracatia , refers to the typelocality, rio Jaracatiá, lower rio Iguaçu basin. Jaracatiá is an indigenous name given to a fructiferous tree common in the region. A noun in apposition.

Figures

Fig. 1. (a) Tatia jaracatia, holotype, MZUSP 98248, male, 65.7 mm SL; (b) Tatia jaracatia, paratype, NUP 4933, male, 52.6 mm SL; (c) Tatia jaracatia, NUP 1799, juvenile, 31.5 mm SL.

Fig. 2. Tatia jaracatia, paratype, MZUSP 98251, adult male, anal fin in left lateral view.Abbreviatons: as, antrorse spines; b1, branched first ray; b7, branched seventh ray; hs17, hemal spine 17; hs28, hemal spine 28; prf, proximal radials fused; rs, retrorse spines; ui - uiii, unbranched first to third ray. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 3. Map of southeastern Brazil and adjoining regions, showing the type-locality of Tatia jaracatia (circle), rio Jaracatiá, and the geographical distribution of the species (dots), lower rio Iguaçu basin. Both symbols represent more than one lot and/or locality.