Mesocriconema xenoplax

Zeng, Yongsan, Ye, Weimin, Tredway, Lane, Martin, Samuel & Martin, Matt, 2012, Taxonomy and morphology of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with turfgrasses in North and South Carolina, USA, Zootaxa 3452, pp. 1-46 : 20-23

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.210165
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6171840
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B47487DD-8003-8175-F9F1-FB5AFAD21CDB
treatment provided by	Plazi (2016-04-13 03:04:25, last updated 2024-11-26 04:29:47)
scientific name	Mesocriconema xenoplax
status

Treatment

( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 B, D, G)

Measurements. See Table 11 View TABLE 11 .

Remarks. Mesocriconema xenoplax was first documented from grapevines ( Vitis vinifera var. sultanina ) in California ( Raski 1952). It has been recorded from North America ( Nyczepir et al. 1985; Okie et al. 2009), South America ( Crozzoli & Lamberti 2001; Aballay et al. 2009), Europe (Ciancio et al. 1996; Escuer et al. 1999; Nico et al. 2002; Abrantes et al. 2008; Karanastasi et al. 2008), South Africa (Van den Berg 1980), Australia ( Stirling 1976), New Zealand ( Loof et al. 1997), India ( Gupta & Gupta 1981), Iran ( Loof & Barooti 1991), Japan ( Orton Williams 1972), China ( Xie et al. 2007) and Iran ( Deimi et al. 2008). Ring nematodes, including M. xenoplax , are important pathogens of peach in the USA and other parts of the world ( Walters et al. 2008; Nyczepir and Esmenjaud 2008; Gomes et al. 2000). Nyczepir (2011) reported that tall fescue was a good host for this species. Mesocriconema xenoplax developed more rapidly and caused greater damage in grape than other species of Mesocriconema ( McKenry & Anwar 2006) . In this study, M. xenoplax was detected in 30 counties in NC and SC. It was found in high numbers in three turf management zones (green, fairway and tee) and three grass species (bermudagrass, creeping bentgrass, zoysiagrass) in both states. The overall morphology and morphometrics were similar to the type population, except that the female has a smaller stylet compared to the population first described ( Raski 1952). This is the first record of M. xenoplax from turfgrasses in NC and SC.

and in the format: mean ± S.D. (range).

format: mean ± S.D. (range).

(44.4–46.9) (48.2–59.3) (47.8–48.8) (44.8–53.8) (45.8–52.5)

References

Aballay, E., Persson, P. & Martensson, A. (2009) Plant-parasitic nematodes in Chilean vineyards. Nematropica, 39, 85 - 97.

Abrantes, I. M. de O., Santos, M. C. V. dos, Conceicao, I. L. P. M. da, Santos, M. S. N. de A. & Vovlas, N. (2008) Root-knot and other plant-parasitic nematodes associated with fig trees in Portugal. Nematologia Mediterranea, 36, 131 - 136.

Crozzoli, R. & Lamberti, F. (2001) Known and new species of Mesocriconema Andrassy, 1965 (Nematoda: Criconematidae) from Venezuela. Russian Journal of Nematology, 9, 85 - 105.

Deimi, A. M., Chitambar, J. J. & Maafi, Z. T. (2008) Nematodes associated with flowering ornamental plants in Mahallat, Iran. Nematologia Mediterranea, 36, 115 - 123.

Escuer, M., Lara, M. P. & Bello, A. (1999) Distribution of the Criconematidae in Peninsular Spain and Balearic Islands. International Journal of Nematology, 9, 47 - 67.

Gomes, C. B., Campos, A. D. & Almeida, M. R. A. (2000) Occurrence of Mesocriconema xenoplax and Meloidogyne javanica associated with peach tree short life on plum and reduction of phenol oxidizing enzyme activity. Nematologia Brasileira, 24, 249 - 252.

Gupta, N. K. & Gupta, A. K. (1981) On some plant parasitic nematodes of the genus Macroposthonia De Man, 1880 (Medinematidae: Criconematoidea) from India. Revista Iberica de Parasitologia, 41, 25 - 41.

Karanastasi, E., Handoo, Z. A. & Tzortzakakis, E. A. (2008) First report of Mesocriconema xenoplax (Nematoda: Criconematidae) in Greece and first record of Viburnum sp. as a possible host for this ring nematode. Helminthologia, 45, 103 - 105.

Loof, P. A. A. & Barooti, S. (1991) New records of species of Criconematidae from Iran with description of Criconemoides decipiens sp. n. (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Nematologia Mediterranea, 19, 83 - 95.

Loof, P. A. A., Wouts, W. M. & Yeates, G. W. (1997) Criconematidae (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from the New Zealand region: genera Mesocriconema, Criconema, Discocriconemell a, and Hemicriconemoides. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 24, 123 - 151.

McKenry, M. V. & Anwar, S. A. (2006) Nematode and grape rootstock interactions including an improved understanding of tolerance. Journal of Nematology, 38, 312 - 318.

Nico, A. I., Rapoport, H. F., Jimenez-Diaz, R. M. & Castillo, P. (2002) Incidence and population density of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with olive planting stocks at nurseries in Southern Spain. Plant Disease, 86, 1075 - 1079.

Nyczepir, A. P., Bertrand, P. F., Miller, R. W. & Motsinger, R. E. (1985) Incidence of Criconemella spp. and peach orchard histories in short life and non-short life sites in Georgia and South Carolina. Plant Disease, 69, 874 - 877.

Nyczepir, A. P. & Esmenjaud, D. (2008) Nematodes. In: Layne, D. R. & Bassi, D. (eds), The peach: botany, production and uses. Wallingford: CABI, pp. 505 - 535.

Nyczepir, A. P. (2011) Host suitability of an endophyte-friendly tall fescue grass to Mesocriconema xenoplax and Pratylenchus vulnus. Nematropica, 41, 45 - 51.

Okie, W. R., Reighard, G. L. & Nyczepir, A. P. (2009) Importance of scion cultivar in peach tree short life. Journal of American Pomological Society, 63, 58 - 63.

Orton Williams, K. J. (1972) Macroposthonia xenoplax. Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology Descriptions of Plant- Parasitic Nematodes, set 1, no. 12. St. Albans, England: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux.

Raski, D. J. (1952) On the morphology of Criconemoides Taylor 1936, with descriptions of six new species. Proceedings of Helminthological Society of Washington, 19, 85 - 99.

Stirling, G. R. (1976) Distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in South Australian vineyards. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, 16, 588 - 591.

Walters, S. A., Bond, J. P., Russell, J. B., Taylor, B. H. & Handoo, Z. A. (2008) Incidence and influence of plant-parasitic nematodes in southern Illinois peach orchards. Nematropica, 38, 63 - 74.

Xie, Z. C., L, W. C., Yang, Q., Cheng, J. & Zhang, S. S. (2007) Eight species of nematodes parasitized at the roots of rice. Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 36, 20 - 24.

Figures

FIGURE 5. Micrographs of Mesocriconema curvatum, M. xenoplax, M. sphaerocephala and Ogma floridense from turfgrasses in NC and SC. All scale bars = 20 µm. A. Pharyngeal region of M. curvatum. B. Pharyngeal region of M. xenoplax. C. Pharyngeal region of M. sphaerocephala. D, G. Female tail of M. xenoplax. E. Pharyngeal region of O. floridense. F. Female tail of M. curvatum. H. Female tail of M. sphaerocephala. I. Body with anastomoses of M. sphaerocephala. J. Vulva and tail region of O. floridense.

Tables

TABLE 11. Mesocriconema spp.: morphometrics of females mounted in water. All measurements in μm and in the

Species	M. curvatum	M.	M.	M. xenoplax	M. xenoplax
Lab ID Host Location n L	11-29913 Centipedegrass Cumberland, NC 10 436.8 ± 12.6	sphaerocephala 11-29593 Turfgrass New Hanover, NC 10 382.0 ± 53.3	sphaerocephala 11-30664 Bermudagrass Beaufort, SC 10 369.8 ± 30.9	12-44-46 Bentgrass Greenville, SC 15 573.8 ± 31.0	11-30213 Bentgrass Moore, NC 15 532.8 ± 44.7
a b	(424.21–449.3) 9.0 ± 0.5 (8.5–9.4) 3.9 ± 0.1	(326.0–500.0) 11.0 ± 1.3 (9.6–13.9) 3.7 ± 0.4	(338.8–400.8) 10.4 ± 0.3 (10.1–10.7) 3.3 ± 0.2	(518.9–618.5) 13.2 ± 0.6 (12.1–13.9) 4.6 ± 0.3	(472.7–632.2) 12.6 ± 0.9 (11.3–14.1) 4.7 ± 0.3
c c’	(3.8–4.0) 30.5 ± 2.0 (28.5–32.4) 0.8 ± 0.1	(3.2–4.5) 32.9 ± 7.0 (24.7–42.2) 0.6 ± 0.1	(3.1–3.5) 42.7 ± 4.8 (37.9–47.5) 0.5 ± 0.1	(4.3–5.5) 33.3 ± 5.9 (24.7–43.2) 0.7 ± 0.1	(4.2–5.2) 29.1 ± 3.4 (23.9–35.3) 0.8 ± 0.1
V	(0.7–0.8) 94.1 ± 0.3	(0.4–0.8) 93.5 ± 1.1	(0.4–0.6) 94.5 ± 0.1	(0.6–0.9) 93.0 ± 0.8	(0.7–0.9) 92.3 ± 0.4
Body width Stylet length	(93.7–94.4) 48.7 ± 1.1 (47.7–49.8) 51.3 ± 1.3	(91.8–94.9) 34.6 ± 1.5 (32.0–37.0) 54.4 ± 1.7	(94.4–94.6) 35.6 ± 2.0 (33.6–37.6) 54.6 ± 2.0	(91.2–94.0) 43.4 ± 2.7 (38.2–47.5) 60.5 ± 1.6	(91.7–92.9) 42.5 ± 2.2 (39.1–46.0) 55.3 ± 1.6
Stylet shaft length Pharynx length	(50.0–52.6) – 112.4 ± 0.2	(52.0–58.0) 15.7 ± 1.4 (13.0–18.0) 103.1 ± 6.7	(52.6–56.5) 16.6 ± 0.4 (16.2–17.0) 112.9 ± 2.9	(57.4–62.5) – 126.2 ± 8.0	(52.3–58.2) 18.1 ± 1.3 (16.7–21.0) 114.2 ± 5.1
(Head to metacorpus base) Anal body width	(112.2–112.6) 18.3 ± 0.5	(91.0–112.0) 19.4 ± 1.7	(110.0–115.8) 18.3 ± 0.6	(112.4–138.4) 23.9 ± 2.1	(109.6–122.9) 23.5 ± 1.3
Tail length Excretory pore from	(17.8–18.8) 14.4 ± 0.5 (13.9–14.9) 143.7 ± 2.8	(18.0–23.0) 12.3 ± 3.6 (8.0–19.0) 113.5 ± 4.5	(17.7–18.9) 8.9 ± 1.7 (7.1–10.6) –	(21.8–30.0) 17.7 ± 2.9 (13.1–23.4) 139.4 ± 8.0	(21.5–26.0) 18.5 ± 2.1 (15.2–21.9) 127.7 ± 5.0
anterior end R Rs	(141.0–146.5) 79.5 ± 1.5 (78.0–81.0) 12.5 ± 0.5	(109.0–118.0) 72.1 ± 7.7 (66.0–90.0) 11.3 ± 0.5	73.5 ± 1.5 (72.0–75.0) 11.5 ± 0.5	(131.6–155.5) 101.5 ± 3.3 (96.0–108.0) 12.9 ± 0.5	(120.6–133.8) 102.8 ± 4.2 (96.0–112.0) 13.4 ± 0.5
Roes	(12.0–13.0) 22.0 ± 1.0	(11.0–12.0) 20.7 ± 1.0	(11.0–12.0) 23.0 ± 1.0	(12.0–14.0) 24.9 ± 1.5	(13.0–14.0) 25.5 ± 0.9
Rex Ran	(21.0–23.0) 28.0 ± 1.0 (27.0–29.0) 4.5 ± 0.5	(19.0–22.0) 22.0 ± 0.0 (22.0–22.0) 2.4 ± 0.5	(22.0–24.0) – 2.5 ± 0.5	(22.0–27.0) 28.0 ± 0.8 (27.0–29.0) 4.5 ± 1.0	(23.0–26.0) 28.2 ± 1.3 (25.0–30.0) 4.3 ± 0.5
RV RVan	(4.0–5.0) 6.5 ± 0.5 (6.0–7.0) 2.0 ± 0.0	(2.0–3.0) 5.0 ± 1.3 (4.0–7.0) 5.0 ± 0.9	(2.0–3.0) 4.5 ± 0.5 (4.0–5.0) 2.0 ± 0.9	(2.0–6.0) 8.2 ± 0.9 (7.0–10.0) 3.7 ± 0.9	(4.0–5.0) 8.6 ± 0.7 (8.0–10.0) 4.3 ± 0.6
VL	(2.0–2.0) 25.9 ± 0.8	(2.0–4.0) 25.1 ± 6.5	(1.0–3.0) 20.4 ± 2.0	(2.0–5.0) 40.2 ± 4.4	(3.0–5.0) 41.4 ± 4.8
VB VL/VB	(25.1–26.6) 27.2 ± 0.4 (26.8–27.6) 1.0 ± 0.0	(17.0–36.0) 27.9 ± 1.3 (24.0–32.0) 0.9 ± 0.2	(18.4–22.5) 22.8 ± 0.4 (22.4–23.2) 0.9 ± 0.1	(35.5–48.6) 32.9 ± 2.7 (30.9–39.7) 1.2 ± 0.1	(33.4–50.0) 32.3 ± 1.4 (30.7–34.9) 1.3 ± 0.1
m St% L	(0.9–1.0) – 11.7 ± 0.0	(0.6–1.2) 28.9 ± 2.9 (24.1 –34.6) 14.5 ± 1.7	(0.8–1.0) 30.4 ± 0.3 (30.1–30.8) 14.8 ± 0.7	(1.1–1.5) – 10.6 ± 0.4	(1.1–1.4) – 10.4 ± 0.7
St% Oes	(11.7–11.8) 45.6 ± 1.2	(10.8–16.6) 53.0 ± 3.7	(14.1–15.5) 48.3 ± 0.5	(9.7–11.3) 48.1 ± 2.3	(8.9–11.4) 48.5 ± 2.3