Tomarus bituberculatus ( Palisot de Beauvois, 1811 )

López-García, Margarita M., Giraldo-Mendoza, Alfredo E. & Deloya, Cuauhtémoc, 2019, Taxonomic synopsis of the genus Tomarus Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) in Peru, Zootaxa 4604 (3), pp. 428-440 : 429-430

Tomarus bituberculatus ( Palisot de Beauvois, 1811)

( Figs. 1–4 )

Scarabaeus bituberculatus Palisot de Beauvois, 1811: 103

Ligyrus latifovea Bates, 1888: 315

Ligyrus maximus Arrow, 1913: 466

Ligyrus latus Arrow, 1914: 273

Diagnosis. Tomarus bituberculatus is characterized by the antennal club subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7; clypeus narrowed towards apex (base 2.5 times wider than apex); frontoclypeal tubercles conical; pronotal tubercle acute and prominent; pronotal fovea transversely oval (as wide as interocular distance); protibial tridentate, rarely with an additional basal denticle; apex of metatibia with 15–17 spinules; parameres with a small, acute tooth on each side, apical half strongly contracted and slender, apices triangularly expanded ( Figs. 2–3 ).

Locality records ( Fig. 4 ). 56 males and 81 females from FSCA, MEKRB, UNSM, and USNM . 13 specimens from CMNC. Ayacucho (1): La Mar, Santa Rosa. Huánuco (14): Tingo María. Ica (1): Ica. Junín (3): Chanchamayo, La Merced. Loreto (81): Alto Amazonas, Yurimaguas. Explorama Inn, 25 mi. NE Iquitos; Explorama Lodge, 50 mi. NE Iquitos; Iquitos . Yanamono. Pasco (1): Oxapampa, Villa Rica. San Martín (34): Moyobamba. Nuevo Progreso. San Agustín. Tocache. Uchiza. Ucayali (11): Laguna Yarinacocha. Pucallpa. Imprecise data: Peru (4) .

Temporal distribution. January (14), February (1), March (5), April (16), May (5), June (2), July (35), August (10), September (30), October (11), November (6), December (2). No data (13).

Distribution. Mexico, Guatemala ( Ratcliffe et al. 2013), Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador ( Ratcliffe & Cave 2006), Costa Rica, Panama ( Ratcliffe 2003), Colombia ( López-García et al. 2015), Venezuela ( Escalona & Joly 2006), Ecuador ( Carvajal et al. 2011), Peru, Trinidad, Brazil, and Bolivia (Endr̂di 1985).

Natural history. The examined specimens were found between 104–1500 m. Twenty-five individuals were collected in oil palm plantations in the department of San Martín. Couturier et al. (1996) cited this species as a pest of rice crops in the Peruvian Amazonia (Loreto).

Figures

FIGURES 1–4. Tomarus bituberculatus: 1, habitus; 2, parameres in frontal view; 3, parameres in lateral view; 4, locality records in Peru. Habitus photograph by Yony Callohuari.