Africonus cuneolus ( Reeve, 1843 )

Tenorio, Manuel J., Abalde, Samuel, Pardos-Blas, José R. & Zardoya, Rafael, 2020, Taxonomic revision of West African cone snails (Gastropoda: Conidae) based upon mitogenomic studies: implications for conservation, European Journal of Taxonomy 663 (663), pp. 1-89 : 17-18

Africonus cuneolus ( Reeve, 1843)

Fig. 3I

Conus cuneolus Reeve, 1843 : pl. 37, sp. 205.

Conus anthonyi Petuch, 1975a: 263 , figs 5–6.

Conus pseudocuneolus Röckel et al., 1980a: 117 , figs 96–99.

Conus fontonae Rolán & Trovão in Rolán, 1990: 28 , pl. 1, fig. 10.

Conus mordeirae Rolán & Trovão in Rolán, 1990: 25 , pl. 1, fig. 11.

Conus serranegrae Rolán, 1990: 49 , pl. 1, fig. 15.

Africonus bernardinoi Cossignani, 2014: 24 .

Conus cuneolus – Monteiro et al. 2004: 36, pls 64–65.

Conus fontonae – Monteiro et al. 2004: 45, pl. 69.

Conus mordeirae – Monteiro et al. 2004: 61, pls 66–68.

Conus serranegrae – Monteiro et al. 2004: 72, pl. 73.

Conus cuneolus form A – Röckel et al. 1980a: 99, pl. 5, row 4.

Conus cuneolus form C – Röckel et al. 1980a: 103, pl. 5, row 5.

Conus cuneolus form D – Röckel et al. 1980a: 105, pl. 5, row 6.

Conus cuneolus form G – Röckel et al. 1980a: 107, pl. 5, row 3.

Conus cuneolus form H – Röckel et al. 1980a: 109, pl. 5, row 2.

Material examined

Lectotype

CABO VERDE • 33 mm; Sal Island ( Coomans et al. 1985a); NHMUK 196180 .

Other material

CABO VERDE • 1 spec., 28.2 mm; Sal Island, Calheta Funda ; 16º39ʹ6ʺ N, 22º56ʹ53ʺ W; 5 Apr. 2014; MNCN exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome: MF491569 ; MNCN 15.05/79712 ( Fig. 3I ) • 1 spec.; Sal Island, Santa Maria ; 16º35ʹ38ʺ N, 22º53ʹ36ʺ W; 9 Apr. 2014; MNCN exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome: MF491583 ; MNCN 15.05/79844 • 1 spec.; Sal Island, Ilhéus do Chano ; 16º41ʹ37ʺ N, 22º52ʹ47ʺ W; 8 Apr. 2014; MNCN exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome: MF491581 ; MNCN 15.05/79828 • 1 spec.; Sal Island, Pedra Lume ; 16º45ʹ44ʺ N, 22º53ʹ2ʺ W; 9 Apr. 2014; MNCN exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome: MF491582 ; MNCN 15.05/79835 • 1 spec.; Sal Island, Baía da Fontona ; 16º44ʹ22ʺ N, 22º58ʹ46ʺ W; 6 Apr. 2014; MNCN exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome: MF491575 ; MNCN 15.05/79764 • 1 spec.; Sal Island, Baía do Roucamento ; 16º41ʹ20ʺ N, 22º56ʹ24ʺ W; 5 Apr. 2014; MNCN exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome: MF491580 ; MNCN 15.05/79814 • 1 spec.; Sal Island, Serra Negra ; 16º38ʹ17ʺ N, 22º53ʹ56ʺ W; 9 Apr. 2014; MNCN exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome: MF491571 ; MNCN 15.05/79729 • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; 5 Apr. 2014; MNCN exped.; GenBank mitochondrion, partial genome: MF491570 ; MNCN 15.05/79719 .

Geographical distribution

Multiple localities to the west, south and east of Sal Island, Cabo Verde Archipelago, including Fontona, Murdeira, Algodoeiro, Santa Maria, Serra Negra, Parda and Pedra Lume.

Conservation status in IUCN Red List

Endangered. Status revision required.

Remarks

The taxon A. cuneolus was the earliest name introduced for an endemic Cabo Verde cone species. It was already considered in Röckel et al. (1980a) as an extremely polymorphic species. These authors assigned a total of 13 forms of A. cuneolus labeled with capital letters A to M. All these forms / species were widely distributed throughout most islands of the Cabo Verde Archipelago. However, several phylogenetic studies ( Cunha et al. 2005; Abalde et al. 2017a) indicate that the taxon A. cuneolus is actually endemic to Sal Island. Several authors ( Rolán 1990; Rolán & Trovão in Rolán 1990; Cossignani 2014) have reported the occurrence of several species of cones within the group of forms of A. cuneolus from Sal Island and introduced new names accordingly. Most of these are members of a compact clade with very small genetic divergence from typical A. cuneolus . These taxa names are therefore considered junior synonyms of the latter, which can be regarded as a highly polymorphic species consistent with the proposal of Röckel et al. (1980a).

Figures

Fig. 3 (opposite page). A. Africonus antoniaensis Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2014, 14.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/79889). B. Conus antoniomonteiroi Rolán, 1990,holotype, 16.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/1100). C. Conus bellulus Rolán, 1990, holotype, 18.9 mm (MNCN 15.05/1098). D. Conus boavistensis Rolán & Fernandes in Rolán, 1990, holotype, 13.2 mm (MNCN, 15.05/1089). E. Africonus borgesi (Trovão, 1979), 30.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/88646). F. Conus navarroi calhetae Rolán, 1990, holotype, 26.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/1096). G. Conus crotchii Reeve, 1849, neotype, 22.5 mm (MNCN 15.05/79971). H. Conus irregularis G.B. Sowerby II, 1858, lectotype, 28.3 mm (NHMUK 197871/1). I. Africonus cuneolus (Reeve, 1843), 28.2 mm (MNCN, 15.05/79712). J. Conus curralensis Rolán, 1986, holotype, 17 mm (MNCN 15.05/1010). K. Africonus damottai (Trovão, 1979), 18.2 mm (MNCN 15.05/80401). L. Africonus decoratus (Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980), 23.1 mm (MNCN 15.05/78589). M. Africonus delanoyae (Trovão, 1979), 27.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/80397). N. Africonus denizi Afonso & Tenorio, 2011, holotype, 11.6 mm (MNCN 15.05/60000). O. Conus diminutus Trovão & Rolán, 1986, neotype, 14.8 mm (MNCN 15.05/80416). P. Africonus espingueirensis Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017, holotype, 9.7 mm (MMM). Scale bars = 10 mm