Nipponomyia kuwanai (Alexander, 1913)

Kolcsar, Levente-Peter, Kato, Daichi, Gamboa, Maribet & Watanabe, Kozo, 2020, Revision of Japanese species of Nipponomyia Alexander, 1924 (Diptera, Pediciidae), ZooKeys 1000, pp. 71-105 : 71

Nipponomyia kuwanai (Alexander, 1913) Figs 4B, C , 10 , 11 , 12A, B

Tricyphona kuwanai : Alexander 1913: 201, 318-319, plate III, fig. 6, wing; Alexander 1920: 14-15 - male description; Alexander 1923: 479 - comparison; Alexander 1924: 158-159 - genotype of genus.

Nipponomyia kuwanai : Alexander 1927b: 49, figs 14, 15 - wing, variation, comparison; Alexander 1935: 551-552 - identification key; Esaki 1950: 1521, fig. 4363; Ishida 1958: 39 - distribution; Alexander 1958: 292-295 - identification key to Japanese species, comparison, faunistic records, Plate 3, fig. 16 male terminalia; Nakamura 2014: 4 - distribution, Japanese name; Kato and Suzuki 2017: 8 - faunistic records.

Type material.

Holotype female: Japan, Tokyo; 7 May 1912; S.I. Kuwana leg. Type specimens deposited in National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA; not examined.

Allotype male: Japan, Tokyo, Meguro; 15 Apr. 1919; R. Takahashi leg. Type specimens deposited in National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA; not examined.

Material examined.

Non-types: Japan: [ Honshu ] • 1♂; Aomori , Hirosaki , Ichinowatari-washinosu ; alt. 205 m; 40°31.15'N, 140°26.33'E; 17 Jun. 2013; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♂; Aomori, Nishimeya , Shirakami Nature observation garden, Kawaratai ; alt. 255 m; 40°31.13'N, 140°12.89'E; 21 Jun. 2013; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♀; Aomori , Hirosaki , Inekari River , Koguriyama ; alt. 170 m; 40°32.19'N, 140°29.22'E; 26 Jun. 2013; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♂; same data as previous except 25 Jul. 2013; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 3♂, 2♀; Aomori , Towada , Sakura Spa , Okuse ; alt. 854 m; 40°37.64'N, 140°54.59'E; 5 Aug. 2013; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♂, 1♀; Aomori , Towada , Tsutanuma Path , Okuse ; alt. 468 m; 40°35.45'N, 140°57.42'E; 10 Jun. 2014; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU) • 1♂; same data as previous except 21 Jun. 2014; D. Kato leg. (pinned, BLKU). [ Hokkaido ]: • 5♂, 1♀ (♂ GenBank # MT874511); Hokkaido , Higashikawa , Asahidake , River Yukomabetsu ; alt. 1120 m; 43°39.14'N, 142°48.14'E; 23 Jul. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg. (pinned or in ethanol, CKLP) • 2♀; Hokkaido, Murayama , Kijihiki Highland , muddy area; alt. 565 m; 41°57.13'N, 140°36.57'E; 30 Jul. 2019; L.-P. Kolcsár leg. (pinned or in ethanol, CKLP).

Diagnostic characters.

Yellowish species with 11-13 dark spots on thorax (7 dark spots in N. okinawensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov., 11 dark spots in N. pentacantha ). Wing with transverse dark lines in costal cell. Brown marking extending from base of R2+3 to base of M1, often not reaching M1 (brown marking extending from R2+3 to base of M1 in N. okinawensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov. and to m-m in N. pentacantha ). Second sternite with black marking at corner of membranous area (without this marking in N. pentacantha and N. okinawensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov.), and without other line (a diffuse line positioned same level as line on sternite 3 in N. pentacantha ). Gonostylus with 11-14 spines (4 or 5 spines in N. pentacantha ). Aedeagus short, as long as wide in lateral view, tip rounded (twice as long as wide in N. pentacantha ). Cercus curved upward (straight in N. okinawensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov.). Genital opening Y-shaped (T-shaped in N. okinawensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov.), lateral sclerite less than 1/5 of length of genital fork (1/3 of length of genital fork in N. pentacantha and less than 1/6-1/7 of length of genital fork in N. okinawensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov.), genital fork spoon-shaped (cross-shaped in N. pentacantha and N. okinawensis Kolcsár & Kato, sp. nov.).

Redescription.

Body length: male 9.5-11 mm, female: 12-14 mm.

Wing length: male 9-12 mm, female 9.5-11.5 mm.

Head: Brown with grayish pruinosity (Fig. 10B ), reddish in some dry specimens, grayish pruinosity not visible in specimens stored in ethanol. Palpi brown, 5-segmented, segments 2-4 subequal in length, last segment elongated, ca. 1.5 × longer than palpomere 4 in male, maximum at most 1.3-1.4 × longer in female, measurable clearly only in specimens stored in ethanol. Tip of palpomere 5 darker than other part of palpus. Antenna short, just a little longer than head. Antenna yellow to brown, gradually lightening to apical end. Scape darker than pedicel, often color difference very contrasting. Flagellum 13-segmented, flagellomeres gradually narrowing to apical end.

Thorax: General coloration yellow for specimens in alcohol, dark yellow, with reddish shade in dry specimens, dorsal parts light brown (Fig. 10 ). Decayed specimens more reddish; 4 spots on presutural area of scutum, lateral spots on presutural area very variable in size, and almost lacking in specimens collected in Ishikari Mountains (Asahidake, Hokkaido) and 7 or 9 spots on postsutural area of scutum. Pair of diffused spots in middle on postsutural area of scutum variable in size and shape, sometimes spots divided, forming 4 diffuse spots as in Fig. 10C .

Legs: General coloration yellow, covered with yellowish setae. Femora without apical darkened area, apical part of tibia slightly brownish, with darker setae. Apical ends of tarsomeres 1-3 each with narrow brown to dark brown ring, tarsomeres 4 and 5 light brown to brown (Fig. 10A ). Tarsomeres each with two spurs, small but relatively easy to recognize for their darker coloration than setae.

Wing: As in Fig. 4B, C . Wing with transverse dark lines in costal cell. Dark band from R2+3 not extending to crossvein m-m, shorter in specimens from Honshu (Aomori prefecture) (Fig. 4B ) than those from Hokkaido (Fig. 4C ). Cell d closed in specimens collected by us (crossvein m-m present), open in type specimens.

Abdomen: Abdomen covered with relatively long pale setae, dorsal setae darker than ventral ones. Tergites 2-6 (male) and 2-7 (female) each with a longitudinal narrow black line on lateral side, its length 1/2 of tergite in male (Fig. 10A, B ) and 1/2-1 in female. Sternite 2 with short black line at corner of membranous area. Sternites 3-5, sometimes also sternite 6 with a brown line, a little wider than line on tergite (Fig. 10A, B ). Sometimes line on sternite 6 less distinct or absent. Tergite and sternites 7 and 8 dark yellow to brown, darker than previous segments.

Male terminalia: Dark yellow to brown (Fig. 10A ). Tergite 9 with median projection almost straight at posterior margin (Fig. 11A, B ). Gonocoxite without apical lobe 1.6-1.7 × longer than wide (at middle), and 1.7-1.8 × longer than tergite 9 in lateral view (Fig. 11E, F ). Apical lobe of gonocoxite slightly separated from gonocoxite, more prominent in inner lateral view, as long as 2/3 of width of gonocoxite in lateral view (Fig. 11G, H ). Gonostylus with 11-14 black spines, but generally with 12. Interbase dilated apically, with two pointed parts; interbase with apical part twice as wide as basal part in dorsal view (Fig. 11A, B ). In inner lateral view interbase variable in shape in different angle, tip pointed and directing posterodorsally (Fig. 11G, H ). Aedeagus short, as long as wide in lateral view, tip rounded (Fig. 11I, J ).

Female terminalia, ovipositor: General coloration dark yellow. Cercus curved upward (Fig. 12A ). Genital fork spoon-shaped, wider in posterior 1/4 of its length (Fig. 12B ). Lateral sclerite of genital plate, very small and narrow, less than 1/5 of length of genital fork. Genital opening Y-shaped. No chitinized area between genital fork and genital opening (Fig. 12B ).

Larva: Unknown.

Pupa: Unknown.

Distribution.

Japan: Honshu ( Nakamura 2014; Oosterbroek 2020), first records from Hokkaido (Fig. 13 ).

Flying period.

The species flies from April to early August.

Figures

Figure 4. Nipponomyia wings A wing venation of N. trispinosa (Alexander) B N. kuwanai (Alexander) from Aomori Prefecture, Honshu C N. kuwanai from Ishikari Mts, Hokkaido D N. pentacantha Alexander E N. okinawensis Kolcsar & Kato, sp. nov. F N. trispinosa (Alexander) G N. yakushimensis Kolcsar & Kato, sp. nov.

Figure 10. Nipponomyia kuwanai (Alexander) A habitus, lateral view B anterior body parts, lateral view C thorax, dorsal view.

Figure 11. Male terminalia of Nipponomyia kuwanai (Alexander) A, B dorsal view C, D ventral view E, F lateral view G, H gonocoxite and gonostylus, inner lateral view I, J aedeagus complex, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F), 0.2 mm (G, H), 0.2 mm (I, J).

Figure 12. Female terminalia of Nipponomyia species A, B N. kuwanai (Alexander) C, D N. okinawensis Kolcsar & Kato, sp. nov. E, F N. trispinosa (Alexander) A, C, E lateral view B, D, F ventral view of genital plate, sternite 10, and cerci.

Figure 13.. Distribution data of Nipponomyia kuwanai (Alexander). White circles designate literature data, while red circles are new data obtained in this study.