Cambeva botuvera, Costa & Feltrin & Katz, 2021

Costa, Wilson J. E. M., Feltrin, Caio R. M. & Katz, Axel M., 2021, Filling distribution gaps: Two new species of the catfish genus Cambeva from southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae), Zoosystematics and Evolution 97 (1), pp. 147-159 : 147

Cambeva botuvera sp. nov. Figs 3F , 4D-F , 6 , 7 , Table 1

Holotype.

UFRJ 6911, 66.9 mm SL; Brazil: Santa Catarina state: Botuverá municipality: village of Ourinhos: Ribeirão Ourinhos, Rio Itajaí-Mirim basin, 27°14'22"S, 49°10'22"W, about 160 m asl; C.R.M. Feltrin, 9 Apr. 2018.

Paratypes.

All from Brazil: Santa Catarina state: de Botuverá municipality: Rio Itajaí-Mirim basin. UFRJ 11920, 6, 36.4-70.9 mm SL; collected with holotype. - UFRJ 12196, 14, 42.6-80.0 mm SL; UFRJ 6912, 3, 39.2-57.3 mm SL (C&S); stream belonging to the Rio Ourinhos subdrainage, Ourinhos, 27°14'22"S, 49°10'22"W, about 160 m asl; C.R.M. Feltrin, 26 Aug. 2018. - UFRJ 12200, 8, 29.9-72.5 mm SL; stream belonging to the Rio Ourinhos subdrainage, Ourinhos, 27°14'6"S, 49°10'10"W, about 170 m asl; C.R.M. Feltrin, 26 Aug. 2018. - CICCAA 12618, 5, 48.1-66.4 mm SL; stream belonging to the Rio Ourinhos subdrainage, Ourinhos, 27°14'34"S, 49°10'39"W, about 170 m asl; C.R.M. Feltrin, 23 Oct. 2018. - UFRJ 12202, 9, 43.3-71.6 mm SL; stream tributary of Rio Itajaí-Mirim, 27°12'18"S, 49°8'14"W, about 170 m asl; C.R.M. Feltrin, 24 Oct. 2018. - UFRJ 11918, 15, 31.4-81.1 mm SL; stream tributary of Rio Itajaí-Mirim near Lajeado Baixo, 27°12'18"S, 49°8'14"W, about 170 m asl; C.R.M. Feltrin, 8 Apr. 2018. - UFRJ 12195, 7, 31.0-40.0 mm SL; UFRJ 12201, 9, 32.8-64.4 mm SL; stream tributary of Rio Itajaí-Mirim near Lajeado Baixo, 27°12'18"S, 49°8'14"W, about 170 m asl; C.R.M. Feltrin, 25 Aug. 2018.

Diagnosis.

Cambeva botuvera is distinguished from all other species of the genus, except C. balios (Ferrer & Malabarba, 2013), C. cubataonis (Bizerril, 1994), C. davisi (Haseman, 1911), C. diatropoporos (Ferrer & Malabarba, 2013), C. guareiensis Katz & Costa, 2020, C. horacioi Reis, Frota, Fabrin & da Graça, 2020, C. papillifera ,, C. perkos (Datovo, Carvalho & Ferrer, 2012), C. plumbea (Wosiacki, 2005), C. stawiarski (Miranda Ribeiro, 1968), and C. tropeira (Ferrer & Malabarba, 2011), by having seven pectoral-fin rays (vs. five, six or eight). Cambeva botuvera differs from these congeners by the following combination of character states: 16-20 dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays (vs.14-15 in C. tropeira , 21-22 in C. cubataonis and C. plumbea , and 27-29 in C. stawiarski ); 14-16 ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays (vs. 9-13 in C. balios , C. cubataonis , C. davisi , C. diatropoporos , and C. guareiensis ); 39-40 vertebrae (vs. 35-38 in C. cubataonis , C. diatropoporos , C. guareiensis , C. horacioi , and C. stawiarski ); eight or nine branchiostegal rays (vs. ten in C. perkos and C. stawiarski ); jaw teeth conical (incisiform in C. davisi , C. guareiensis and C. stawiarski ); minute papillae on the ventral surface of the head (vs. hypertrophied in C. papillifera ); relatively long maxillary and rictal barbels, reaching between the interopercular patch of odontodes and the pectoral-fin base (vs. rudimentary in C. papillifera ); pelvic fin and girdle well-developed (vs. absent in C. tropeira ); anterior segment of the latero-sensory infraorbital series absent (vs. present in C. diatropoporos and C. tropeira ); and colouration consisting of dorsum and dorsal portion of flank with rounded brown blotches, without a distinctive yellow longitudinal zone on the dorsal portion of the flank (vs. minutes dots or no distinctive marks in C. papillifera and C. plumbea ; presence of a distinctive yellow longitudinal zone on the dorsal portion of the flank in C. perkos ). Cambeva botuvera is also distinguished from C. balios , C. cubataonis , C. davisi , C. diatropoporos , C. guareiensis , C. plumbea , and C. tropeira by having a long posterior process of the parurohyal, slightly longer than the length between the anterior-most point of parurohyal head and lateral process insertion (Fig. 4F ; vs. shorter).

Description.

Morphometric data appear in Table 2 . Body moderately slender, subcylindrical and slightly depressed anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Greatest body depth in area just anterior to pelvic-fin base. Dorsal profile of head and trunk slightly convex, approximately straight on caudal peduncle; ventral profile straight to slightly convex between lower jaw and end of anal-fin base, straight on caudal peduncle. Skin papillae minute. Anus and urogenital papilla in vertical through anterior portion of dorsal-fin base. Head trapezoidal in dorsal view. Anterior profile of snout convex in dorsal view. Eye small, dorsally positioned in head. Posterior nostril located nearer anterior nostril than orbital rim. Tip of maxillary and rictal barbels reaching area between interopercular patch of odontodes and pectoral-fin base; tip of nasal barbel reaching area between eye and opercular patch of odontodes. Mouth subterminal. Jaw teeth 40-42 in both premaxilla and dentary, irregularly arranged, pointed and slightly curved. Branchial membrane attached to isthmus only at its anterior point. Branchiostegal rays 8 or 9.

Dorsal and anal fins subtriangular; total dorsal-fin rays 12 (iii + II + 7), total anal-fin rays 9 (ii + II + 5); anal-fin origin in vertical through middle of dorsal-fin base or slightly posterior to it, approximately at base of 5th branched dorsal-fin ray. Dorsal-fin origin in vertical through centrum of 21st or 22nd vertebra; anal-fin origin in vertical through centrum of 25th vertebra. Pectoral fin subtriangular in dorsal view, posterior margin slightly convex, first pectoral-fin ray not terminating in filament; total pectoral-fin rays 7 (I + 6). Pelvic fin subtruncate, its extremity in vertical through anterior portion of dorsal-fin base; pelvic-fin bases medially in close proximity; total pelvic-fin rays 5 (I + 4). Caudal fin truncate, postero-dorsal and postero-ventral extremities rounded; total principal caudal-fin rays 13 (I + 11 + I), total dorsal procurrent rays 16-19 (xv-xix + I), total ventral procurrent rays 12-16 (xi-xv + I). Vertebrae 39-40. Ribs 12 or 13. Two dorsal hypural plates, corresponding to hypurals 4 + 5 and 3, respectively, often coalesced to form single plate; single ventral hypural plate corresponding to hypurals 1 and 2 and parhypural.

Laterosensory system (Fig. 7A, B ). Supraorbital sensory canal continuous, connected to posterior section of infraorbital canal posteriorly. Supraorbital sensory canal with 3 pores: s1, adjacent to medial margin of anterior nostril; s3, adjacent and just posterior to medial margin of posterior nostril; and s6, in transverse line through posterior half of orbit; pore s6 nearer orbit than its paired homologous pore. Single infraorbital sensory canal segment, with two pores, corresponding to pore i10, adjacent to ventral margin of orbit, and pore i11, posterior to orbit; anterior segment of infraorbital canal absent. Postorbital canal with 2 pores: po1, in vertical line above posterior portion of interopercular patch of odontodes, and po2, in vertical line above posterior portion of opercular patch of odontodes. Lateral line of body short, with 2 pores, posterior-most pore in vertical just posterior to pectoral-fin base.

Mesethmoidal region (Fig. 4D ). Mesethmoid robust, its anterior margin slightly concave; mesethmoid cornu narrow, extremity rounded; narrow lateral flap on intersection between cornu and main bone axis, posteriorly extending parallel to lateral bone margin. Lateral ethmoid connected to autopalatine by weak articular facet; minute lateral projection on lateral ethmoid margin close to middle portion of sesamoid supraorbital, often absent. Antorbital thin, drop-shaped; sesamoid supraorbital slender, without processes, its length about three times antorbital length. Premaxilla sub-trapezoidal in dorsal view, laterally narrowing, moderate in length, slightly longer than maxilla. Maxilla boomerang-shaped, slender, slightly curved. Autopalatine sub-rectangular in dorsal view, medial margin sinuous, lateral margin slightly concave; autopalatine posterolateral process well-developed, narrow, its length about two thirds autopalatine length excluding posterolateral.

Cheek region (Fig. 4E ). Metapterygoid thin, subtriangular, large, its largest length slightly shorter than horizontal length of quadrate excluding dorsal process. Quadrate slender, dorsal process with constricted base, dorsoposterior margin separated from hyomandibula outgrowth by small interspace. Hyomandibula long, with well-developed anterior outgrowth; middle portion of dorsal margin of hyomandibula slightly concave. Opercle relatively slender, opercular odontode patch depth about half length of dorsal hyomandibula articular facet, with 15-18 odontodes; odontodes pointed, nearly straight, arranged in irregular transverse rows; dorsal process of opercle short and pointed; opercular articular faces for hyomandibula and preopercle rounded and in close proximity. Interopercle moderate, about two thirds hyomandibula length, with 25-30 odontodes; odontodes pointed, arranged in irregular longitudinal rows. Preopercle compact, with short ventral flap.

Hyoid region (Fig. 4F ). Parurohyal robust, lateral process sub-triangular, slightly curved, latero-posteriorly directed, tip pointed; parurohyal head well-developed, with indistinct anterolateral paired process; middle foramen broad, oval; posterior process long, slightly longer than distance between anterior margin of parurohyal and anterior insertion of lateral process. Ceratohyals slender.

Colouration in alcohol (Fig. 6 ). Flank, dorsum and head side pale yellowish brown. Dorsum and dorsal portion of flank with rounded brown blotches, darker and often horizontally coalesced along lateral midline, sometimes forming interrupted or complete darker stripe. Ventral part of flank with pale grey spots, often inconspicuous or absent. Small dark brown spots on lateral and dorsal surfaces of head, darker pigment concentrated between anterior and posterior nostrils and around opercular patch of odontodes; nasal barbel dark brown, maxillary and rictal barbels pale brown with dark brown bases. Venter and ventral surface of head yellowish white. Unpaired fins hyaline with yellowish brown bases. Pectoral fin hyaline with dark brown spots on basal portion. Pelvic fin whitish hyaline.

Colouration in life (Fig. 3F ). Similar to colouration in alcohol, but yellow pigmentation slightly more intense on trunk and fins.

Distribution and habitat.

Cambeva botuvera occurs in fast-flowing low-altitude streams (about 160-170 m asl), of the Rio Itajaí-Mirim basin (Fig. 5 ).

Etymology.

The name Cambeva botuvera is an allusion to the occurrence of the species in the municipality of Botuverá, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. This name is derived from the Tupi-Guarani, possibly meaning brilliant mountain.

Figures

Figure 3. Live specimens (not preserved) of: A-E. Cambeva barbosae sp. nov.: A. From the type locality; B-D. From Corrego Grande, Ilha de Santa Catarina; E. From Rio Biguacu basin; F. Cambeva botuvera sp. nov., from the type locality.

Figure 4. Osteological structures of: A-C. Cambeva barbosae sp. nov.; D-F. Cambeva botuvera sp. nov.: A, D. Mesethmoidal region and adjacent structures, left and middle portions, dorsal view; B, E. Left suspensorium and opercular series, lateral view; C, F. Hyoid arch, ventral view. Abbreviations of structures indicated by arrows are: lep, lateral ethmoid lateral process; mlf, mesethmoidal lateral flap; oig, opercular interarticular gap; ppp parurohyal posterior process. Larger stippling represents cartilaginous areas.

Figure 5. Map of geographical distribution of Cambeva in isolated coastal basins in the southern end of the Atlantic Forest, southern Brazil: C. barbosae sp. nov. (dots), C. botuvera sp. nov. (triangles), C. cubataonis (squares); black symbols are type localities, red symbols are paratypes of the new species, and white symbols are additional material, non-types.

Figure 6. Cambeva botuvera sp. nov., UFRJ 6911, holotype, 66.9 mm SL: A. left lateral view; B. dorsal view; C, ventral view.

Figure 7. Head of Cambeva botuvera sp. nov., UFRJ 6911, holotype, 66.9 mm SL: A. left lateral view; B. dorsal view; C. ventral view. Pores of the cephalic latero-sensory system are indicated in A and B.