Iphisa dorothy, Albano & Mello & Recoder & Fouquet & Rodrigues & Nunes, 2024

Albano, Anna V., Mello, Recoder, Renato S., Fouquet, Antoine, Rodrigues, Miguel T. & Nunes, Pedro M. S., 2024, Integrative taxonomy of the Iphisa elegans Gray, 1851 species complex (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) leads to the description of five new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (2), pp. 477-504 : 492-493

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad073
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1E2600EE-103E-438E-8452-4464B5069A69C
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11263340
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/AB25878A-5874-7522-0402-110C7FB55456
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Iphisa dorothy
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Iphisa dorothy View in CoL sp.nov.

( Fig. 7E View Figure 7 ); OTU 4

Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3A607544-8C33-414D-A00C-CE3142B5F0A0

Etymology: Name in apposition. The name honours Dorothy Mae Stang, known as Sister Dorothy, an American-Brazilian missionary and defender of the Amazon, who dedicated herself to defending peasants’ land rights and to creating forest protection projects. Sister Dorothy was brutally murdered in Anapu, Pará, at the age of 73 years, on 12 February 2005. May she always be remembered as a symbol of the struggle of indigenous peoples for their rights to self-determination and the fight for the preservation of the Amazon.

Iphisa elegans View in CoL (‘Candidate species II’): Nunes et al. 2012: (part: 361–376p). Iphisa elegans View in CoL : Ribeiro-Júnior et al. 2017: pp. 169– 170 (part).

Holotype: CHUFPE R-1366 (field number SMS 648 ) from Comunidade São Sebastião dos Bargas (3° 47ʹ 23.5″ S, 59° 02ʹ 06.8″ W; WGS 84 ) municipality of Nova Olinda do Norte , state of Amazonas, Brazil. Collected on 16 July 2010 by Sérgio Marques de Souza. GoogleMaps

Paratypes: Brazil: Amazonas : Comunidade Projó: INPA 18432 View Materials , INPA 18445 View Materials ; Igarapé-Açú , Abacaxis River (right margin): MZUSP 100251 View Materials ; São Sebastião , Abacaxis River (left margin): MZUSP 100249 View Materials , MZUSP 100253 View Materials ; Pará : Santarém ( RESEX Tapajós Arapiuns): MPEG 11023 View Materials , MPEG 11059 View Materials .

Diagnosis: (i) Femoral pores in females may be present or absent (0–22 pores, modal value = 0; absent in 34%); (ii) six supralabials (91%), with fourth supralabial frequently the largest (75%) and third supralabial frequently under the eye (89%); (iii) prefrontal always present; and (iv) exclusive hemipenial morphotype 2.

Description of the holotype ( Fig. 9 View Figure 9 ): Adult male, with snout– vent length 51.9 mm. Rostral broad, well visible from above, width two times height, contacting first supralabial, nasal and frontonasal. Frontonasal heptagonal, width two times length, contacting rostral, nasals, loreal and prefrontals. Prefrontals hexagonal, broadly touching each other medially, separating frontonasal and frontal, contacting the frontonasal, loreal, first and second supraocular and frontal. Frontal hexagonal, longer than wide, bordered broadly laterally by second supraocular, contacting prefrontals anteriorly and frontoparietals posteriorly. Frontoparietals pentagonal, slightly larger than prefrontal, in contact anteriorly with frontal and second supraocular, posteriorly with parietals and interparietal and in lateral broad contact with third supraocular. Interparietal longer than wide, as long as parietal, but narrower; in contact anteriorly with frontoparietal, laterally with parietals and posteriorly with first pair of dorsal scales. Parietals heptagonal, in lateral contact with temporals, anteriorly contacting the third supralabial and frontoparietal, posteriorly contacting first dorsals; the left one is slightly damaged. Three supraoculars: first the smallest; second the largest, narrower anteriorly, in broad contact with frontal; third superocular slightly smaller than second. Nasal above first supralabial, becoming narrower in the posterior region; nostril in the centre and lower part of scale; posteriorly in broad contact with loreal, and with slight contact with frenocular; contacting frontonasal and rostral. Loreal diagonally oriented, posterior to nasal, wider than long, contacting frontonasal, prefrontal, first supraocular, first superciliar, preocular and frenocular. Frenocular below preocular and loreal, anteriorly in contact with nasal, loreal and second supralabial. Six supralabials: third longer than high and under the eye; fifth higher than long, in contact with temporals, suboculars and postocular; sixth supralabial the smallest, contacting granules around tympanum and one temporal scale. Medial region of eyelid with a semitransparent undivided disc surrounded by granular smooth scales. Lower eyelid with eight strongly pigmented palpebrals. Four superciliaries: first the largest, wider anteriorly, contacting first and second supraocular, second superciliar, eyelid, preocular and loreal. Temporal region with smooth scales of different sizes and shapes between parietal and the largest supralabial. Ear opening surrounded by a series of very small and juxtaposed granules; tympanum ovoid and recessed. Lateral surface of neck with smooth, imbricate and larger dorsal scales. Head scales smooth and juxtaposed with scattered sensorial organs. Mental broad, width two times length, shell-shaped, in contact with the postmental and first infralabial. Postmental heptagonal, larger than mental. Two pairs of chin shields: the first very large, occupying more than half of the ventral region of the head, contacting second, third and fourth infralabial, the first pair of gular scales and the second chin shield, which is much smaller, totally separated by the first pair of gular scales and in contact with the fourth infralabial. Five infralabials: second and third of similar size; fifth smaller, contacting granules of tympanic region. Eight pairs of smooth, intercalated, imbricate and rounded gular scales, followed by five distinct interbrachial scales, with three scales larger than gular scales. Two longitudinal rows of ventral scales, with 13 pairs of transverse scales, from interbrachials (not included) to preanals; with same size and shape as dorsal scales and imbricate. Lateral scales rounded, imbricate, with similar size at mid-body, becoming smaller, numerous, rounded and more imbricate around arm level. Thirty transverse rows of smooth dorsal scales, imbricate, alternated, hexagonal, wider than long, wider in occipital region and narrower at hindlimb level. A distinctive area with granular scales surrounds the area of arm insertion. A broken tail, with lanceolate, keeled, imbricate and alternated scales; ventral scales of tail lanceolate, imbricate and alternated; more rounded near to anal plate. Anal plate with five lanceolate scales: central and paramedial the largest; medial one recessed, narrower than peripheral scales. Nine continuous femoral pores on left leg and eight on the right; preanal pores absent; each pore within a small and rounded scale on the ventral surface of the hindlimbs. Forelimbs with large, smooth and imbricate scales; those on ventral part of brachium much smaller and rounded. Anterior and ventral parts of hindlimbs with irregularly large, smooth and imbricate scales, identical to the corresponding parts of forelimbs. Posterior part of hindlimbs with granular, juxtaposed scales, grading progressively to larger, imbricate and keeled scales on dorsal part of tibia. Metacarpal and metatarsal scales imbricate and larger than phalangeal scales; supradigital lamellae smooth and imbricate. Palmar and plantar surfaces with small granules; right palmar with 11 single infradigitals on finger IV, and left palmar with 10 infradigitals on finger IV; right plantar with 16 double infradigitals on toe IV, and left plantar with 18 infradigitals on toe IV; toes and fingers, except for finger I, clawed and with the following relative sizes: I < II < V < III < IV.

Coloration in preservative: Brown dorsally, with darker stains on anterior portion of dorsal and lateral scales, irregularly distributed on the tail scales.Small sparse stains on the dorsum of the head.Flanks predominantly dark brown, becoming creamy on the ventral part of the body and tail; lateral black stains from the nasal to the hindlimbs. Ventral parts of body and tail immaculate and cream.

Measurements of holotype (in millimetres): SVL 51.9; TRL 27.7; HL 9.3; HW 7.8.

Sexual dimorphism and variation: Iphisa dorothy is sexually dimorphic; males have larger heads than females ( ANOVA, P <.05). Males have more femoral pores than females ( Kruskal – Wallis, Χ 2 = 27.7, P <.01, mean = 19 and 6, respectively). Females have more dorsals and ventrals than males ( Kruskal – Wallis, Χ 2 = 3.9, P <.05). Seven supralabials in only in two specimens ( MPEG 21968 View Materials and MZUSP 102155 View Materials ), from Parque Nacional do Amazonas. Hemipenial morphotype 3 is found in two individuals ( MPEG 25257 View Materials and MPEG 25261 View Materials ) from Juruti (Pará, Brazil). Variation in pholidosis is summarized in Table 2 View Table 2 .

Distribution: Occurs in central and eastern Amazonia (light blue in Fig. 2 View Figure 2 ), only south of the Amazon River, in the interfluvial regions of Purus–Madeira and Madeira–Tapajós, occurring on both banks of the Tapajós River. The distribution extends further south, to the right bank of the Aripuanã River and the left bank of the Juruena River. Although occurring in close localities, up to now I. dorothy and I. surui have allopatric distributions occurring on opposite sides of the Aripuanã, Juruena and Madeira Rivers.