Aphelochaeta clippertonensis, Blake, 2019

Blake, James A., 2019, New species of Cirratulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from abyssal depths of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, North Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Zootaxa 4629 (2), pp. 151-187 : 156-158

Aphelochaeta clippertonensis new species

Figures 3–4

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CE40005E-0928-44AA-B800-57903EDFCB0F

Tharyx sp. C: Wilson & Hessler 1987: Appendix E (in part).

Material examined. North Equatorial Pacific Ocean, abyssal plain, Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, NOAA BIE Project site, Sta. DDT-9-93, veg. 13, 5– 10 cm fraction, 03 Sep 1993, 12°56.280′N, 128°35.440′W, 4860 m, holotype ( USNM 1557530 ) ; Sta. DDT 2-93, veg 20, 2– 5 cm fraction, 10 Aug 1993, 12°56.166′N, 128°35.520′W, 4869 m, 1 specimen ( USNM 1557532 ) ; Sta. DDT 5-93, veg 14, 2– 5 cm fraction, 13 Aug 1993, 12°56.566′N, 128°35.408′W, 4870 m, 1 paratype ( USNM 1557533 ) ; Sta. DDT 6-93, veg 13, 0–2 cm fraction, 01 Sep 1993, 12°55.780′N, 128°35.881′W, 4858 m, 1 specimen ( USNM 1557534 ) ; Sta. DDT-8-93, veg. 24, 0–2 cm fraction, 02 Sep 1993, 12°55.633′N, 128°36.011′W, 4843 m, 1 paratype ( USNM 1557531 ).— ECHO I , DOMES Site C, R/ V Melville cruise, coll. R. Hessler, 0.25 m 2 Sandia box core, Sta. H 350, 1– 5 cm fraction, 14 Jun 1983, 14°38.1226′N, 125°26.8208′W, 4506 m, 1 paratype ( LACM-AHF Poly 11259) .

Description. A small, elongate, threadlike species. Holotype complete, 4.0 mm long, 0.3 mm wide across anterior segments with 20 setigers; paratype from Sta. DDT-5-93 complete, 1.83 mm long, 0.213 mm wide with 16 setigers. Body slightly expanded in anterior and far posterior segments ( Figs. 3 A–B, 4A–C), but generally consistently narrow along entire body. Individual segments visibly separated from one another by setal fascicles; segmental furrows poorly developed ( Fig. 3 A–B); no moniliform segments. Parapodial shoulders not apparent in anterior segments or elsewhere along body. First 6–8 segments narrow, about three times wider than long ( Figs. 3A , 4A, C ); middle body segments longer, about 1.5 times as wide as long ( Fig. 4C ); posterior segments longer, about 1.8 times as wide as long ( Figs. 3B , 4B . Dorsal and ventral grooves absent. Paratype from Sta. H350 with posterior segments bearing elongate embryos, two per segment, each approximately 85 µm long and 35 µm wide ( Fig. 4D ). Each embryo composed of numerous cells, but not differentiated. Color in alcohol opaque white.

Pre-setiger region narrow, tapering from setiger 1 to tip of prostomium, about 1.5 times longer than wide ( Figs. 3A , 4A ). Prostomium triangular, tapering to pointed apex; eyespots absent; nuchal organs not observed; proboscis with thin papillated epidermis, everted on holotype ( Figs. 3A , 4A ). Peristomium with three weakly developed annular rings only evident laterally by shallow furrows; dorsal surface smooth with no separate dorsal crest ( Fig. 3A ). Dorsal tentacles present on anterior border of third peristomial ring ( Figs. 3A , 4 A–B); first pair of branchiae present posterior to tentacles at anterior border with setiger 1 ( Figs. 3A , A–B). Second pair of branchiae on setiger 1 dorsal to notosetae; subsequent branchiae in similar location on following segments ( Fig. 3A ). Most branchiae missing but evident as stubs or scars through about setiger 10.

Parapodia poorly developed throughout, with podial lobes reduced and with setae emerging directly from body wall. All setae thin capillaries. Notosetae 7–8 per fascicle on first 5–6 setigers, then reduced to 3–5 per fascicle over next 5–6 setigers; posterior setigers with 1–2 long natatory-like capillaries ( Figs. 3B , 4C ); neurosetae of anterior setigers similar to notosetae, numbering 6–8 per fascicle, then reduced to 3–4 in following segments; posterior segments with 1–2 capillaries where long notosetae occur. Individual capillaries thin, with no marginal fibrils evident in light microscopy.

Posterior end terminating in simple conical-shaped pygidium bearing numerous minute papillae ( Figs. 3B , 4C ).

Methyl Green stain. No pattern.

Etymology. The name clippertonensis is taken from the second part of the name of the Clarion-Clipperton Facture Zone where the species was collected.

Remarks. Aphelochaeta clippertonensis n. sp. is one of several small bitentaculate cirratulids from abyssal sediments in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone with a slender threadlike body. Among species of Aphelochaeta identified in this project, A. clippertonensis n. sp. is the only one to have reduced segmental furrows that result in the individual segments being defined only by the location of setal fascicles. Other species in this study have individual segments well defined with segmental furrows and distinctly separate from one another along the body. An exception is the paratype from Sta. H350 that has elongate brooding embryos within segments in the posterior half of the body producing segments that appear swollen, lumpy, and rounded ( Fig. 4D ). There appear to be two embryos per segment that are similar in appearance to eggs and embryos observed for Tharyx moniliformis Blake, 2018 from slope and abyssal depths in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. These observations suggest that deep-sea cirratulids have evolved viviparity or other means of brooding as part of their life cycles.

Distribution. Abyssal Pacific Ocean, 4506–4870 m.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Aphelochaeta clippertonensis n. sp. Holotype (USNM 1557530): A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, posterior end, dorsal view.

FIGURE 4. Aphelochaeta clippertonensis n. sp. Holotype (USNM 1557530): A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, posterior end, dorsal view. Paratype (USNM 1557533): C, anterior end middle body segments, left lateral view. Paratype (LACM-AHF Poly 12259): D, middle body segments with embryos (arrows). All stained with Shirlastain A.