Anomaloglossus leopardus Ouboter & Jairam, 2012

Fouquet, Antoine, Vacher, Jean-Pierre, Courtois, Elodie A., Deschamps, Chloé, Ouboter, Paul, Jairam, Rawien, Gaucher, Philippe, Dubois, Alain & Kok, Philippe J. R., 2019, A new species of Anomaloglossus (Anura: Aromobatidae) of the stepheni group with the redescription of A. baeobatrachus (Boistel and de Massary, 1999), and an amended definition of A. leopardus Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Zootaxa 4576 (3), pp. 439-460 : 446-447

Anomaloglossus leopardus Ouboter & Jairam, 2012

Figures 2–3

Amended definition. We here provide an amended definition of A. leopardus based on the examination of 11 additional specimens (MNHN2018.53–63) collected in 2014 by two of us (AF, JPV) at Apalagadi, Suriname, the species type locality, as well as by the re-examination of the type series deposited in the NZCS ( NZCS A249–51 ) (Paramaribo, Suriname) .

(1) Medium-sized Anomaloglossus (mean = 18.8 mm [18.4–19.2, n = 7] in males, mean = 21.1 mm [20.5–21.5, n = 4] in females) ( Table 1); (2) body robust; (3) skin slightly tuberculate on dorsum (more tuberculated posteriorly) and legs, with a larger tubercle on each eyelid, ventral skin smooth; (4) diffuse supratympanic fold; (5) tympanic annulus distinct anteroventrally; (6) snout short and protruding in lateral view; (7) nares oriented ventrolaterally, situated near tip of snout; (8) Finger II slightly shorter than Finger I when fingers adpressed; (9) tip of Finger IV hardly reaching distal subarticular tubercle on Finger III when fingers adpressed; (10) distal subarticular tubercle distinct on Finger III and absent on the other fingers; (11) Finger III swollen dorsally and preaxially in males extending largely on dorsal surface of hand, with well-developed fringes in females; (12) fringes on all fingers particularly developed preaxially on Fingers II, in both sexes; (13) toes poorly webbed (Toe webbing formula I 2 - –1 - II 1 + –1 - III 1 + –1 + IV 0–1 + V MNHN2018.58, AF2035), with well-developed fringes on all toes but more developed preaxially on Toe II, and pre- and postaxially on Toes III and IV (sensu Grant et al. 2006; keellike lateral folds sensu Myers & Donnelly 2008); (14) tarsal keel well-defined, curved; (15) black arm gland at the junction of forearm with wrist in males (sensu Grant & Castro 1998, see also Grant et al. 2006); (16) cloacal tubercles present; (17) paracloacal mark present (orangish in life, cream in preservative); (18) dorsolateral stripe present, thick and continuous (cream and yellowish posteriorly in life, white in preservative), flanks and dorsum dark brown in males, paler with dark brown blotches in females; (19) ventrolateral stripe absent; (20) sexual dichromatism in throat color pattern present, in life sometimes anteriorly yellow with uniformly distributed sparse black melanophores in males, evenly yellow in females; (21) sexual dichromatism in ventral color pattern present, abdomen entirely or only posteriorly and laterally orange, centrally cream in males in life, abdomen uniformly orange in females in life; (22) iris with metallic pigmentation and pupil ring interrupted ventrally and dorsally by transversal black pigmentation; (23) median lingual process as long as wide, tapered, bluntly pointed, smooth (nonpapillate), reclined in pit; (24) call 1.08– 2.00 s long consisting of a train of 14–28 notes 0.024– 0.029 s long and spaced by intervals of 0.051– 0.055 s, dominant frequency at 4.20–4.61 kHz (n = 9) ( Fig. 4 ; Table 2).

Distribution and natural history. Anomaloglossus leopardus is only known from two streams at its type locality Apalagadi above 400 m elevation, and from the southern border of Suriname with Brazil (2.4788N, 55.63161W). The species also likely occurs between these two localities and maybe throughout the massif extending northwest in Suriname and southeast in Brazil. The tadpole is unknown, but since the species is associated with streams and has a more extensive webbing than the endotrophic A. baeobatrachus , and because all closely-related species (except A. baeobatrachus ) are associated to streams and have exotrophic tadpoles transported to the water, we assume this is likely also the case for A. leopardus . It co-occurs with A. stepheni , which is endotrophic, throughout its range.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Three males (top) and one female (bottom) of four species of the Anomaloglossus stepheni group. Size of the specimens with asterisk is not scaled.

FIGURE 3. Views of dorsum, venter, left hand, left foot and Median Lingual Process of the neotype of A. baeobatrachus (left column), of a topotypical specimen of A. leopardus (central column) and of the holotype of A. mitaraka sp. nov. (right column).

FIGURE 4. Spectrograms and oscillograms of typical call of four species of the Anomaloglossus stepheni group in a 2 s and a 0.1 s time windows.