Toxeus Koch C.L., 1846

Prószyński, Jerzy, 2016, Delimitation and description of 19 new genera, a subgenus and a species of Salticidae (Araneae) of the world, Ecologica Montenegrina 7, pp. 4-32 : 16-17

Gen. Toxeus Koch C.L., 1846 gen. reinstated

Figures 1I , 3F , 4C–D

Type species. Toxeus maxillosus Koch C. L., 1846 .

Documentation studied. Comparative diagnostic drawings of 8 species in Prószyński (2016a) and original literature, especially Yamasaki & Ahmad (2013: 538, Figs. 30A-G, 31A-E, 42A-F).

Diagnosis. Female. "Pipes-like" sclerotized spermathecae, stretching parallel along the median axis of epigyne, without transverse detour, usually pressed to each other along part of their course, are either thin, gradually slightly dilating along their course in their distal half (located in the anterior part of epigyne), with internal spines as in T. cuneatus (Badcock, 1918) , or making asymmetrical terminal chamber with long internal spines ( Fig. 1I ). They differ from spermathecae in Myrmage gedongensis Badcock, 1918 ), comb. n. which retain the same diameter along their whole length, devoid of swellings, and covered internally by similar minute spines. Posterior (proximal) ends of "pipes" are diverging, making room for the pocket, located between them. Membranous copulatory ducts, visible after staining, make irregular, large coils, running from almost indiscernible slit-like copulatory openings at the median septum of epigyne, towards the beginning of spermathecae, near the posterior rim of epigyne.

Male. Palps have almost circular bulbus, resembling Emertonius by the lack of additional thin loop of spermophor, encircled with the coils of embolus inside semi translucent sheath. Spermophor broad, runs along the margin of bulbus. Tibial apophysis indistinctly double bent, but not twisted screw like ( Fig. 3F ). Chelicerae in both sexes have developed ventral lobe, extending their height, none the less, male chelicerae are long, but shorter than in Myrmarachne , with two rows of tiny teeth, fang is long. The size of specimens medium, some species have total length 7-8 mm. Body compact, constrictions variable, in some species indistinct, with thoracal part depressed, abdomen in some species almost round, in other elongate with two sclerites.

More diagnostic documentation - see at: http://www.peckhamia.com/salticidae/q24-Myrma.html.

Nomenclatorical note. Genus name " Toxeus " was introduced by Koch C.L. in 1846 in combination with specific name " maxillosus ", subsequently used as synonymic combinations with five other specific names, by Thorell, Pickard-Cambridge F., and one Smith (1907). The names of two taxa of the family level, derived from Toxeus - Toxeae and Toxeinae were proposed by Pickard-Cambridge F. in 1900 but none were used after 1907 in primary literature ( Bonnet 1957, 1959: 2997-3014, 4663). As a name for that genus is accepted reinstated name Toxeus , still available according to Edwards (2013, Peckhamia 110.1: 7).

Composition. The following species are transferred from genus Myrmarachne MacLeay, 1839 : Toxeus bicuspidatus (Yamasaki, 2012) ; T. cuneatus (Badcock, 1918) , comb. n.; T. gorontaloensis (Yamasaki, 2012, comb. n. [reinstated]; T. hirsutipalpi ( Edmunds & Proszynski, 2003) , comb. n.; T. jajpurensis (Prószyński, 1992) , comb. n.; T. latithoracicus (Yamasaki & Huang 2012) , comb. n.; T. magnus (Saito, 1933) , comb. n.; T. maxillosus Koch C. L. 1846 .

Informal group of genera PELLENINES

Figures

Figure 1. Body color pattern and the internal structure in the informal group of MYRMARACHNINES: A – Myrmarachne formicaria, female and male; C – D Myrmarachne smaragdina, female and male; E – F Myrmaplata plataleoides, female and male. The internal structure of epigyne in: G – Myrmage gedongensis, H – Myrmatheca alticephalon, I – Toxeus maxillosus, K – Myrmavola yamasaki. The sources of photos: A – B – ©Photo J. Lissner; C –

Figure 3. The diversity of palps in MYRMARACHNINES: A – Myrmarachne tristis, B – M. ramosa, C – Myrmapana panamensis, D – Myrmage gedongensis, E – Myrmapeni penicillata, F –Toxeus maxillosus, G – Myrmavola galianoae, H – Myrmaplata plataleoides, I - Myrmele peckhami, J – Myrmatheca alticephalon, K – Myrmavola yamasakii – palp, tibia dorsally and male chelicera. Sources: A, G – Prószyński, ©Annales zoologici, 2003, 51, 3: 109, Figs 449-450; 520-521, Figs. 7 – 8; B, D, H – J. Prószyński, ©Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 2003, 12 (7): 301, 22-23; 308, Figs 49-513; 299, Figs 4-5; 117, Figs 49-50; C, E – M. E. Galiano, ©Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomologia, Buenos Aires 3: 143, Figs 69-70; 117, Figs. 49- 50; 136, Figs 46-47; I - F.R. Wanless, ©Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology series) 33(1): 119, Fig. 80A. Reproduced with the permission of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London..

Figure 4. Habitus diversity in MYRMARACHNINES: A – Myrmarachne tristis, B – M. ramosa, C – Toxeus maxillosus, D – Toxeus hirsutipalpi, E– Myrmapana panamensis, dorsal and lateral views, F – Myrmatheca alticephalon. G – H – Myrmapeni penicillata, dorsal and lateral views, I - Panachraesta paludosa. Sources: A – Prószyński, ©Annales zoologici, 2003, 51, 3: 109, Fig. 468; B, D – M. Edmunds & J. Prószyński, ©Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 2003, 12: 301, Fig 21; 20, Fig. 110 C, F –T. Yamasaki & Ahmad, Zootaxa, 2013, 3710 (6): 538, Figs 30A, B; 508, Fig. 4A. © Magnolia Press; E, G, H – M. E. Galiano, Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomologia, Buenos Aires 3: 136, Figs 46-47; 143, Figs. 46-47, 117, Figs 3-4; I – J. Prószyński 1987: 74. By courtesy.