Rudakius Prószyński, 2016,

Prószyński, Jerzy, 2016, Delimitation and description of 19 new genera, a subgenus and a species of Salticidae (Araneae) of the world, Ecologica Montenegrina 7, pp. 4-32 : 23-25

Gen. Rudakius Prószyński, 2016 , gen. n.

Figures 8F–J

Type species. Menemerus cinctus Pickard-Cambridge O., 1885 .

Documentation studied. The survey of diagnostic drawings in Prószyński (2016a) and original literature.

Etymology. Named in honor of great Persian poet Rudaki (850- 940 n. e.) who lived in the Samanid court in Buchara (present day Uzbekistan) - in the area of occurrence of this genus. Name combines words Rudaki and Pseudicius , grammar gender assumed masculine.

Diagnosis. Share mutual diagnostic characters of PSEUDICIINES: lateral, subocular row of about 10 short bristles on protuberances ( Fig. 8J ), modified tibia of robust leg I, flattened body and characteristic color pattern ( Figs. 8G–H ). At first glance epigyne and palps appear entirely different from other genera of this group, however, in spite of different appearance, all parts of these structures appear homologous.

Female. Epigyne has two large grooves, separated by a septum, but without visible external pair of pockets. Copulatory openings are distinctly visible in the middle part of medium septum, sclerotized and followed by broad, sclerotized ducts running posteriorly, then making a full circle tight loop, near branching off point of the scent opening armature. From that spot follows an obliquely sclerotized duct, unusually narrow, to postero-medially located spermathecae, small in comparison with the size of the epigyne ( Fig. 8F ). In Rudakius afghanicus ( Andreeva, Heciak & Prószynski, 1984) , comb. n. spermatheca is different, intermediary to the state in Afraflacilla : elongate vessel, running medially, parallel to the main body axis and much larger, about half the length of epigyne.

Male palp is very special, with the anterior edge of bulbus truncated transversally, with robust embolus arising antero-laterally and the posterior part of bulbus expanded diagonally, postero-laterally. Tibial apophysis large, consisting of two long, pointed rami, widely spaced, in some species, however, dorsal ramus is distinctly shorter ( Fig. 8I ).

More diagnostic documentation – see at: http://www.peckhamia.com/salticidae/q27-Ruda.html.

Distribution. Rudakius is a central Central Asian genus, occuring also in China, Ethiopia, India, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia.

Composition. The following species are transferred from the genus Pseudicius Simon, 1885 : Rudakius afghanicus ( Andreeva, Heciak, Prószynski, 1984) , comb. n., R. cinctus (Pickard-Cambridge O., 1885) , comb. n., R. delesserti (Caporiacco, 1941) , comb. n., R. maureri (Prószynski, 1992) , comb. n., R. rudakii (Prószynski, 1992) , comb. n., R. spasskyi ( Andreeva, Heciak, Prószynski, 1984) , comb. n., R. wenshanensis (He, Hu, 1999) , comb. n. Species Rudakius citri (Sadana, 1980) , comb. n. was originally misidentified as Phlegra citri Sadana, 1980: 229 , Figs 1–5 ; Rudakius ludhianaensis (Tikader, 1974 - nec Sadana et Kaur, 1974), comb. n. was originally misidentified as Marpissa ludhianaensis Tikader, 1974: 205 , Figs 1-3 .

Removed from the genus Pseudicius Metaphidippus [?] siticulosus (Peckham, Peckham, 1909) comb. n.

Synonyms: Pseudicius siticulosus Peckham & Peckham, 1909: 495 , pl. 39, Fig. 11.

Pseudicius siticulosus Maddison, 1996: 154 (4): 229, 241, 333, Figs 43, 119, Richman, Cutler & Hill 2012: 65.

Remarks. Transfer to DENDRYPHANTINES is based on diagnostic drawings by W.P. Maddison (http://www.peckhamia.com/salticidae/q8-Metap.html#met-sit), published in 1996, but unfortunately the crucial drawing of internal structures of epigyne was not published. Owing to the kindness of Dr. W.P. Maddison I have seen that drawing in 1986, but I have no permission to display it. Maddison, informed on misplacement of this species, has told me that he has been aware of that since many years, but he doubts that genus Metaphidippus Pickard-Cambridge F. O., 1901 is correct placement.

Comment. Removal from Pseudicius is necessary for understanding the evolution of that genus, which has never reached Western Hemisphere, however, records in World Spider Catalog are not updated yet.

Figures

Figure 1. Body color pattern and the internal structure in the informal group of MYRMARACHNINES: A – Myrmarachne formicaria, female and male; C – D Myrmarachne smaragdina, female and male; E – F Myrmaplata plataleoides, female and male. The internal structure of epigyne in: G – Myrmage gedongensis, H – Myrmatheca alticephalon, I – Toxeus maxillosus, K – Myrmavola yamasaki. The sources of photos: A – B – ©Photo J. Lissner; C –

Figure 2. Diversity of internal structures of epigyne in MYRMARACHNINES: A – Myrmarachne tristis, B – C – M. ramosa compared with its alleged synonym M. melanocephala, D – Myrmanu nubilis, E – Myrmapeni chickeringi, F – Myrmagua guaranitica, G – Myrmaplata plataleoides, H – Myrmavola galianoae, I – Myrmapana panamensis, J – Myrmele peckhami. Sources: A, G, H – J. Prószyński, ©Annales zoologici, 2003, 51, 3: 109, Fig. 452; 1992, 44, 9: 85- 186, Figs 87; 2001, 51 (4): 520-521, Figs 10; B – J. Prószyński,©Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 2003, 12: 301, Fig. 29; C –Edwards & Benjamin, Zootaxa 2009, 2309: 10, Fig. 5C; D, J – F.R. Wanless, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology series) 33: 111, Fig. 72B; 119, Fig. 80D; 143, Fig. 70; Reproduced with the permission of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London; E, F – M. E. Galiano, Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomologia, Buenos Aires, 3: 143, Figs. 65; 136, Fig. 66

Figure 3. The diversity of palps in MYRMARACHNINES: A – Myrmarachne tristis, B – M. ramosa, C – Myrmapana panamensis, D – Myrmage gedongensis, E – Myrmapeni penicillata, F –Toxeus maxillosus, G – Myrmavola galianoae, H – Myrmaplata plataleoides, I - Myrmele peckhami, J – Myrmatheca alticephalon, K – Myrmavola yamasakii – palp, tibia dorsally and male chelicera. Sources: A, G – Prószyński, ©Annales zoologici, 2003, 51, 3: 109, Figs 449-450; 520-521, Figs. 7 – 8; B, D, H – J. Prószyński, ©Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 2003, 12 (7): 301, 22-23; 308, Figs 49-513; 299, Figs 4-5; 117, Figs 49-50; C, E – M. E. Galiano, ©Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomologia, Buenos Aires 3: 143, Figs 69-70; 117, Figs. 49- 50; 136, Figs 46-47; I - F.R. Wanless, ©Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Zoology series) 33(1): 119, Fig. 80A. Reproduced with the permission of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London..

Figure 4. Habitus diversity in MYRMARACHNINES: A – Myrmarachne tristis, B – M. ramosa, C – Toxeus maxillosus, D – Toxeus hirsutipalpi, E– Myrmapana panamensis, dorsal and lateral views, F – Myrmatheca alticephalon. G – H – Myrmapeni penicillata, dorsal and lateral views, I - Panachraesta paludosa. Sources: A – Prószyński, ©Annales zoologici, 2003, 51, 3: 109, Fig. 468; B, D – M. Edmunds & J. Prószyński, ©Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society, 2003, 12: 301, Fig 21; 20, Fig. 110 C, F –T. Yamasaki & Ahmad, Zootaxa, 2013, 3710 (6): 538, Figs 30A, B; 508, Fig. 4A. © Magnolia Press; E, G, H – M. E. Galiano, Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Entomologia, Buenos Aires 3: 136, Figs 46-47; 143, Figs. 46-47, 117, Figs 3-4; I – J. Prószyński 1987: 74. By courtesy.

Figure 5. Diagnostic characters of Myrmavola and Pellenes. A – Myrmavola galianoae – lateral view, B – D – M. yamasakii, carapace laterally, dorsal views of male and female; E – G – Pellenes (Pellap) lapponicus - palps and epigyne and its internal structure, SEM photo of dissected bulbus, dorsal and lateral views (E – embolus, CTE – conductor). Sources: A – J. Prószyński, ©Annales zoologici, 2001, 51 (4): 520-521, Fig. 6; B, – D – M. yamasakii - T. Yamasaki & A. Ahmad, 2013, Zootaxa 3710: 534, Figs. 26A, C; E, F – J. Prószyński, unpublished; G – Logunov, Marusik 1999 [2000]. Arthropoda Selecta 8 (4): 269, scan. phot. 22-23. By courtesy

Figure 8. Diagnostic characters of new genera: A – B – Psenuc vesporum, the internal structure of epigyne, palp and modified tibia I with reduced spines; C – E – Okinawicius [?] vankeeri: spermatheca and duct, palp and habitus, note flattened body and a row of subocular stridulatory bristles on tubercles; F – I – Rudakius cinctus: the internal structure of epigyne and single spermatheca, magnified, abdominal pattern of female and male, male palp; J – R. maureri: the row of subocular stridulatory bristles on tubercles; K – M – Sittipub pubescens: the internal structure of epigyne, epigyne and male palp. N - Yllenus coreanus, scopula brush on tarsus I. Sources: drawn by J. Prószyński in Annales zoologici: A – B, K –1992: 44, 8: 112-113, f 88-90, 92-93; C – E – 2003: 53, 151-152, Figs 594, 605-609; F – I – 1984. 37: 351-352, f. 20, 23, 27, 39, 41; J –1992: 44: 105-106, Fig. 79; K – Proszynski 1987: 97 (Fig. unnumbered); N – 1968: 26: 426, Fig. 76; drawn by M. Żabka: L – M – Fauna Polski 19: 92, Figs 347-348, 350. By courtesy.