Kiwisaldula, Lariviere & Larochelle, 2016

Larivière, Marie-Claude & Larochelle, André, 2018, Kiwisaldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from the South Island of New Zealand: new species and identification key, Zootaxa 4514 (2), pp. 151-166 : 154-155

Key to Kiwisaldula species (South Island)

Remark. Additional helpful but not necessarily exclusive characters are provided between brackets.

1 Body length less than 3.2 mm, on average 2.5–2.9 mm. Brachypterous ......................................................................................2 - Body length more than 3.2 mm, on average 3.5 mm or more. Brachypterous to macropterous...................................................4

2 Overall dorsal appearance very dark; hemelytra with restricted pale markings on exocorium ( Figs 1 , 9 ). Female venter completely dark, not margined with pale. Male paramere ( Fig. 13 ): processus hamatus moderately long, sinuate. [Body somewhat pear-shaped, length 2.58–3.13 (2.94 mm). Distribution: mostly alpine zones of mountains in Central Otago (CO) and Otago Lakes (OL).] ............................................................................................................................................... K. yangae new species

- Overall dorsal appearance paler, more mottled in colour; hemelytra with more extensive pale markings on exocorium ( Larivière & Larochelle, 2017: Figs 1–2 , 13 ). Female venter narrowly to moderately margined with pale. Male paramere ( Larivière & Larochelle, 2017: Figs 16–17 ): differently shaped; processus hamatus rather short to moderately long, not sinuate..................3

3 Lateral margins of pronotum narrowly explanate, narrowly pale whitish yellow (mostly) to yellowish brown or brown (pale area at midlength about as wide or narrower than the width of antennal segment II) ( Larivière & Larochelle, 2017: Fig. 1 ). Male paramere ( Larivière & Larochelle, 2017: Fig. 16 ): processus hamatus rather short, slightly constricted basally, its tip rather broad; main body bulbous. [Body length: 2.25–2.81 (2.50 mm). Distribution: South Island, central west coast (WD).].............. .................................................................................................................................................... K. waiho Larivière & Larochelle

- Lateral margins of pronotum more broadly explanate, more broadly pale whitish yellow (pale area at midlength about 1.5x the width of antennal segment II) ( Larivière & Larochelle, 2017: Fig. 2 ). Male paramere ( Larivière & Larochelle, 2017: Fig. 17 ): processus hamatus moderately long, not constricted basally, its tip narrow; main body slender, not bulbous. [Body length: 2.28–2.82 (2.57 mm). Distribution: South Island, northeastern areas (KA, NC).] ................ K. hurunui Larivière & Larochelle

4 Body nearly pear-shaped or subelliptical. Dorsum ( Larivière & Larochelle, 2017: Figs 4 , 15 ) very dark, with highly reduced pale markings and ill-defined, barely visible eyespot on hemelytra. Lateral margins of pronotum completely dark dorsally and ventrally, or dorsally with short yellowish patch near posterolateral angles. Brachypterous. Male paramere ( Larivière & Larochelle, 2017: Fig. 19 ): main body and shaft of similar width; processus hamatus moderately long, rather straight. [Body length: 3.58–3.93 (3.71 mm). Distribution: South Island, Carrick Range, Watts Rock (CO).]..................................... K. laelaps (White)

- Body short-ovate to elongate-ovate. Dorsum not as dark, with more developed pale markings and more visible eyespot on hemelytra. Lateral margins of pronotum pale dorsally and ventrally for most of length. Not brachypterous. Male paramere differently shaped...............................................................................................................................................................................5

5 Hemelytra ( Figs 2 , 10 ) very dark, nearly immaculate, with prominent steely grey pruinose areas and reduced pale markings; colour strongly contrasting against pale lateral margins of pronotum. Male paramere ( Fig. 14 ): processus hamatus elongate, slightly constricted at base, its tip very narrow, acuminate. [Mostly submacropterous. Body length: 3.30–4.27 (3.72 mm). Distribution: South Island, alpine zone of mountains in Central Otago (CO) and Otago Lakes (OL).] .... K. cranshawi new species

- Hemelytra paler, mottled in appearance, with less noticeable pruinose areas and more extensive, often coalesced pale markings; colour not strongly contrasting against pale lateral margins of pronotum. Male paramere differently shaped: processus hamatus shorter............................................................................................................................................................................................6

6 Lateral margins of pronotum ( Fig. 3 ) rather narrowly pale, subrectilinear (sometimes barely convex or slightly sinuate). Hemelytral eyespot more or less distinct, reduced ( Figs 3 , 11 ). Male paramere ( Fig. 15 ) slender: processus hamatus short, almost pointing straight. [Submacropterous to macropterous (especially females). Costal margin of hemelytra lined with somewhat narrow, uninterrupted or interrupted pale band. Body length 3.32–4.35 (3.75 mm). Distribution: South Island, northwestern areas (BR, NN, SD).]..................................................................................................................................... K. ryani new species

- Lateral margins of pronotum more broadly pale and more convex. Hemelytral eyespot distinct, not reduced. Male paramere more thickly shaped; processus hamatus shorter, differently shaped. [Costal margin of hemelytra lined with broader, uninterrupted pale band.] ..........................................................................................................................................................................7

7 Subbrachypterous to submacropterous. Body ( Fig. 4 ) short-ovate to subelongate-ovate; female often nearly pear-shaped; dorsal colour dark with overall brownish hue. Male paramere ( Fig. 16 ): processus hamatus somewhat narrow, not constricted at base; main body above shaft broadly arcuate. [Body length: 3.38–4.15 (3.64 mm). South Island, mostly areas west of the Southern Alps (BR, WD).]............................................................................................................................. K. januszkiewiczi new species

- Macropterous. Body ( Larivière & Larochelle, 2017: Fig. 3 ) always elongate-ovate, nearly elliptical; dorsal colour dark with overall blackish hue. Male paramere ( Larivière & Larochelle, 2017: Fig. 18 a–b): processus hamatus somewhat broad, slightly to strongly constricted at base; main body above shaft not broadly arcuate. [Body length: 3.62–4.65 (3.97 mm). Distribution: South Island, eastern lowlands to lower montane areas from North to South (KA–SL/FD).]........................... K. butleri (White)

Figures

FIGURES 1–4. Dorsal views of Kiwisaldula species (males; legs and antennae omitted). Scale bar = 1 mm. (1) K. yangae, (2) K. cranshawi, (3) K. ryani, (4) K. januszkiewiczi.

FIGURES 9–12. Eunomy (left corium), most frequently observed pigmentation patterns. (9) Kiwisaldula yangae, (10) K. cranshawi, (11) K. ryani, (12) K. januszkiewiczi.

FIGURES 13–20. Schematic view of male genitalia (13–16) Paramere, ventral view. (13) Kiwisaldula yangae, (14) K. cranshawi, (15) K. ryani, (16) K. januszkiewiczi. (17–20) Parandria, posterior view. (17) K. yangae, (18) K. cranshawi, (19) K. ryani, (20) K. januszkiewiczi.