Demos, Monadjem & Demos & Dalton & Webala & Musila & Kerbis Peterhans & Patterson, 2021

Monadjem, Ara, Demos, Terrence C., Dalton, Desire L., Webala, Paul W., Musila, Simon, Kerbis Peterhans, Julian C. & Patterson, Bruce D., 2021, A revision of pipistrelle-like bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in East Africa with the description of new genera and species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 : -

& DEMOS GEN. NOV.

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Synonymy

Vesperus Peters 1872 (part, not Keyserling & Blasius, 1839).

Vesperugo Dobson 1878 (part, not Keyserling & Blasius, 1839).

Eptesicus Matschie, 1897 (part, not Rafinesque,1820).

Vespertilio Miller, 1900 (part, not Linnaeus, 1758).

Pipistrellus Monard, 1935 (part, not Kaup, 1829).

Nycterikaupius (part, not Menu, 1987).

Neoromicia Kearney et al., 2002 (part, not Roberts, 1926).

Complete synonymic histories for the species placed herein in Pseudoromicia are given in the African Chiroptera report ( AfricanBats NPC, 2019).

important variable in its distribution. However, it has been recorded only at elevations> 1000 m (current records are all between 1160 and 1700 m), and this might be an important limit in its geographical distribution. We also include two specimens (FMNH 233035, 233036) from Murchison Falls National Park, Uganda (1180 m above sea level) in this new species. Two specimens from Ethiopia (identified as ‘ Neoromicia somalica ’ by Benda et al., 2016) also group with Lae. kirinyaga in the phylogeny, as does a specimen from Senegal ( Koubínová et al., 2013), suggesting that this newly described species has a wide distribution north of the equator. We recommend, based on its relatively large distribution range and habitat preference, that it be listed as ‘Least Concern’ in the IUCN red list. However, we did not examine the specimens from Ethiopia and Senegal and therefore recommend a detailed morphological Type species: Pseudoromicia tenuipinnis (Peters, 1872) .

Included species: Pseudoromicia brunnea (Thomas, 1880) ; Pseudoromicia isabella ( Decher, Hutterer & Monadjem, 2015) ; Pseudoromicia rendalli (Thomas, 1889) ; Pseudoromicia roseveari ( Monadjem et al., 2013) ; Pseudoromicia tenuipinnis (Peters, 1872) ; and two newly described species (see below).

Etymology: This feminine name is derived from the Greek prefix ψευδο-, false, and the genus Romicia Gray, 1838, in turn derived from the Ancient Greek word ρóμιξα, meaning a ‘kind of javelin or huntingspear’. It also hints at the genus Neoromicia , to which members of Pseudoromicia were previously assigned. Members of this new genus resemble and have in the past been confused with Neoromicia species.

Diagnosis: T h e s e a r e s m a l l t o m e d i u m - s i z e d vespertilionids with a simple muzzle. The tragus is typically curved anteriorly, with a notch at the base of the posterior margin. The pelage of the upper and under parts is variably coloured, but in most species tends to be unicoloured dorsally and bicoloured ventrally. In contrast, dorsal pelage is bicoloured in Afronycteris , Laephotis and Neoromicia . Four of the seven species in this genus have translucent white wing membranes, whereas membranes are dark brown or blackish in colour in the remaining three species. The cranium is slightly inflated to relatively flattish in lateral profile; in contrast, it is highly inflated in Afronycteris and moderately inflated in Neoromicia s.s., whereas it is flattened in Laephotis . The outer incisors are usually half the length or less of the inner incisors, the latter being weakly bicuspid or unicuspid. The P 1 is absent, contrasting with Afronycteris , in which it is present and relatively large. The baculum (~3.0 mm in length) is distinctly longer than that of any of the other three genera previously included in Neoromicia , with a robust trilobed base and strongly arched shaft leading to a bilobed tip ( Fig. 5C).

Distribution: This genus is widely distributed across sub-Saharan Africa. However, all but one of the species is associated with equatorial tropical forest and woodland belt. One species, Pse. rendalli , extends far into savanna habitats, ranging from 13°N to 28°S.

Systematic relationships: The genera Pseudoromicia and Afronycteris are sister to the genera Laephotis and Neoromicia as now understood (see below).

PSEUDOROMICIA KITYOI MONADJEM , KERBIS PETERHANS, NALIKKA, WASWA, DEMOS & PATTERSON SP. NOV.

KITYO’ S SEROTINE

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Holotype: FMNH 223211, field number JCK 7436. This specimen was collected by Betty Nalikka and Sadic Waswa Babyesiza during a field training exercise with Julian Kerbis Peterhans. It is an adult male preserved in ethanol, with skull extracted and cleaned, and tissue taken from breast muscle and preserved in dimethyl sulfoxide.

Type locality: Mabira Forest Reserve , 0.79 km northeast of Nagojje Station , Mukono District of the Central Region , Uganda; geographical coordinates: 0.4451°N, 32.88876°E ( Fig. 1). The type specimen was netted on 19 October 2012 in cultivated gardens directly adjacent (for a photograph of the type locality, see Fig. S2) to Mabira forest at an elevation of 1130 m above sea level .

Paratype: One other male (FMNH 223555) was netted at the same location and on the same night as the holotype, and closely resembles it genetically ( Fig. 3B) and morphologically ( Tables 5–7) and can therefore be considered a paratype.

Etymology: This species is named in honour of Dr. Robert M. Kityo, mammalogist, mentor and longserving curator at the Museum of Zoology, Makerere University, in recognition of his valuable contributions to bats and small mammal research in the region. His welcoming nature, curiosity, hospitality and support have facilitated numerous and diverse research agendas over the decades for both national and international researchers.

Diagnosis: This is the largest member of the genus Pseudoromicia , with forearm length of 37 and 38 mm ( Table 5) and greatest skull length of 14.70 and 14.99 mm for the two known specimens ( Table 6). In comparison, the maximum greatest skull length in Pse. roseveari (which is the second largest member of the genus) is 14.5 mm ( Table 6). Pseudoromicia brunnea is smaller in forearm length and in most craniodental measurements. Therefore, this species is readily diagnosable by size alone. It can easily be distinguished from the white-winged members of this genus ( Pse. rendalli , Pse. isabella and Pse. tenuipinnis ) by its dark wings.

Description: External characters: Pseudoromicia kityoi is a large-sized pipistrelle-like bat, similar in size to the largest members of the Nycticeinops group, specifically Nyc. macrocephalus and Nyc. happoldorum , which were both described in the genus Paraphypsugo ( Hutterer & Kerbis Peterhans, 2019; Hutterer et al., 2019). Despite its large size, this species is similar in external features to other black-winged members of Pseudoromicia . The pelage is medium brown above and slightly paler below. The individual hairs are unicoloured on the upper parts and bicoloured on the under parts, with the proximal half darker than the distal half. Like Pse. brunnea and Pse. roseveari , the patagium and uropatagium are both dark in colour. The ears are short and rounded, and the tragus has a curved outer margin as is typical of the genus ( Monadjem et al., 2013).

Craniodental characters: The skull is robust for a Pseudoromicia , even more so than in Pse. roseveari . The rostrum has a shallow depression, and the brain case is moderately inflated as in other members of the genus. There is no occipital ‘helmet’ as seen in the cranium of Lae. capensis ( Monadjem et al., 2020b) . The sagittal and lambdoidal crests are visible, and the zygomatic arches are robust for a pipistrelle-like bat ( Fig. 9). The dentition in Pse. kityoi is typical of the

Measurements are presented as the mean ± SD, range and sample size (N). Measurements are of the holotypes, other individuals of the two new species and other species of Pseudoromicia . The three species listed above the horizontal black line are dark winged, the four below are white winged (see main text for more details).

Measurements are presented as the mean ± SD, range and sample size (N). Measurements are of the holotypes, other individuals of the two new species and other species of Pseudoromicia . The three species listed above the horizontal black line are dark winged, the four below are white winged (see main text for more details).

Measurements are presented as the mean ± SD, range and sample size (N). Measurements are of the holotypes, other individuals of the two new species and other species of Pseudoromicia . The three species listed above the horizontal black line are dark winged, the four below are white winged (see main text for more details).

genus, with I 2/3, C 1/1, P 1/3, M2/3. In the upper tooth row, I 1 is unicuspid and I 2 is tiny, extending slightly beyond the cingulum of I 1. The P 1 is absent, putting C in contact with P 2. The m 3 is myotodont sensu Van Cakenberghe & Happold (2013).

Biology: Owing to the paucity of specimens, almost nothing can be said about the biology of this species. The only two known specimens were captured within 200 m from the edge of Mabira Forest in a domestic garden (Supporting Information, Fig. S2). However, considering that most members of this genus are restricted to tropical rainforest habitats, and that the two known specimens of this species were captured in a remnant patch of rainforest, its global distribution might be both fragmented and limited in extent. Urgent surveys are required to assess the status of this species at Mabira Forest Reserve, which has been steadily losing habitat to agriculture over the past few decades ( Boffa et al., 2008). We suggest that this species might be present in other Congo Basin forest patches in Uganda (e.g. Semliki, Kibale, Kashyoha-Kitomi) and Kenya (Kakamega), although extensive surveys at Kakamega forest have failed to locate this species there ( Webala et al., 2019). Owing to the limited information available on this species, we recommend that it be given the IUCN conservation status of ‘Data Deficient’, but we note that because of its presumed close association with rapidly disappearing forest habitat, this species is probably of conservation concern.

Its closest known relative is Pse. roseveari , recently described from Mount Nimba and with a limited distribution in the borderland zone between Liberia and Guinea ( Monadjem et al., 2013; Decher et al., 2015; Mamba et al., in press), some 4700 km to the west. Whether either species occurs in the vast tropical rainforests between these two sites is unknown and deserves investigation.

PSEUDOROMICIA NYANZA MONADJEM , PATTERSON,