Ochyrocera dorinha Brescovit, Zampaulo, Pedroso & Cizauskas, 2021

Brescovit 1, Antonio Domingos, Zampaulo 2, Robson de Almeida, Pedroso 1, Leandro Mota & Cizauskas 3, Igor, 2021, Four new species of the genus Ochyrocera (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from iron caves of the state of Minas Gerais, with the description of the third anophtalmic species from Brazil, Subterranean Biology 41, pp. 43-68 : 43

Ochyrocera dorinha Brescovit, Zampaulo, Pedroso & Cizauskas sp. nov.

Figures 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 14 , 15

Type material.

Holotype 1♂ (IBSP 196428a), and paratype 1♀ (IBSP 196428b), Brazil, Minas Gerais, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Itabirito, Cave MP_0008 (20°12'40"S, 43°51'13"W), 29/III/2012, Equipe Carste col. Paratypes: 2♂, 3♀ (UFMG 25396), Brazil, Itabirito, Mina do Pico, Cave MP_0011 (20°13'04"S, 43°51'26"W), 11/VI/2013, M.P.A. Oliveira col.

Other material examined.

Brazil, Minas Gerais: 1♂ (IBSP 191074), Caeté, Serra da Piedade, Cave AVG_0030 (19°49'21"S, 43°41'50"W), 18/V/2013, M.P.A. Oliveira col. ; 1♂ (IBSP 195206), Itabirito, Mina do Pico , Cave MP _0004 (20°13'23"S, 43°51'14"W), 05/IV/2013 ; 5♀ (IBSP 196426) & 1♂ 5♀ (IBSP 196427) both collected at Itabirito, Mina do Pico , Cave MP _0008, 10/IV/2013, by M.P.A. Oliveira ; 6♀ (IBSP 198873), 06/VI/2017; 1♂ (IBSP 198875), 06/VI/2017; 1♀ (IBSP 198877), 31/I/2017, all collected at Mina do Pico, Cave MP_0008 by Ativo Ambiental; 2♂ (IBSP 196425), 09/IV/2013, M.P.A. Oliveira col.; 1♀ (IBSP 196429), 26/III/2012, Equipe Carste col., both collected at Mina do Pico , Cave MP _0008 ; 1♀ (IBSP 198874), Itabirito , Cave MP _0011 (20°13'03"S, 43°51'25"W) 08/VI/2017, Ativo Ambiental col. ; 1♂ (IBSP 196433), Mariana , Cave GS _0011, 27/III-04/IV/2012, I. Cizauskas col. ; 1♀ (IBSP 196413), Mariana , Cave GS _0025 (20°12'19"S, 43°29'58"W), 16/I-11/II/2011 ; 1♀ (IBSP 196419), Mariana , Cave GS _0025, 06-16/VI/2011 ; 2♀ (IBSP 196415; IBSP 196420), Mariana , Cave GS _0031 (20°12'32"S, 43°29'45"W), 16/I-11/II/2011 ; 2♀ (IBSP 196414), Mariana , Cave GS _0031, 16/I-11/II/2011 ; 1♀ (IBSP 196416), Mariana , Cave GS _0033 (20°12'31"S, 43°29'45"W), 06-16/VI/2011, all collected by R. Bessi & I. Cizauskas et. al.; 1♀ (IBSP 196418), Mariana , Cave GS _0033, 06-16/VI/2011, R. Bessi & I. Cizauskas et. al .; 1♀ (IBSP 196417), Mariana , Cave GS _0033, 06-16/VI/2011, R. Bessi & I. Cizauskas et. al .; 2♀ (IBSP 203317) & 2♂ (IBSP 203318), Mariana , Cave GS _0033, 18/VI-10/VII/2019, Equipe Carste col. ; 2♀ (IBSP 203323), Mariana , Cave GS _0035 (20°12'33"S, 43°29'47"W), 18/VI-10/VII/2019, Equipe Carste col. ; 2♀ (IBSP 264543), Mariana, Cave FN_0003 (20°13'19.20"S, 43°26'2.76"W), 03-04/XII/2020, Equipe Spelayon et al col.; 1♀ (IBSP 189183), Mariana , Cave FN _0005 (20°13'18"S, 43°26'3"W), 12/XII/2012, BioEspeleo Consultoria Ambiental col. ; 1♀ (IBSP 184258); Mariana , Cave FN _0027 (20°13'25"S, 43°26'15"W), 28/VI/2012, E.L. Borges & M.T.M. Souza col. ; 1♂ (IBSP 189184), Mariana , Cave FN _0027, 24/X/2012 ; 2♀ (IBSP 189185), Mariana , Cave FN _0027, 12/XII/2012, all collected by BioEspeleo Consultoria Ambiental col. ; 1♂ (IBSP 196431), Mariana , Cave FN _0027, 03-07/II/2011, R. Andrade et. al. col .; 1♀ (IBSP 196432), Mariana , Cave FN _0027, 01-02/IX/2010, R. Andrade et. al. col .; 1♂ (IBSP 209858), Catas Altas, Cave ALEA_0010 (20°09'07"S, 43°29'14"W), 19/XI/2019, BioEspeleo Consultoria Ambiental col. ; 1♂ (IBSP 186105), Nova Lima, Tutaméia, Cave SC _0005 (19°57'3"S, 43°53'23"W), 18/XI/2014, M.P.A. Oliveira col. ; 2♂ 3♀ (IBSP 186100), Nova Lima, Tutaméia, Cave TUTA_0029 (20°7'34"S, 43°58'29"W), 24/VII/2014, M.P.A. Oliveira col. ; 1♂ 1♀ (IBSP 188950), Rio Acima, Serra do Gandarela, Cave GAND_0008 (20°06'20"S, 43°40'23"W), 10/II-20/III/2014, Equipe Carste col. ; 1♀ (IBSP 179521), Rio Acima, Serra do Gandarela , Cave VG _0040 (ABOB_0009) (20°08'59"S, 43°52'28"W), 29/III-01/IV/2011, R. Andrade & I. Cizauskas et al. col .; 1♀ (IBSP 188948), Santa Bárbara, Serra do Gandarela, Cave GAND_0073 (20°02'22"S, 43°39'29"W), 10/II-20/III/2014, Equipe Carste col.

Etymology.

Noun in apposition is a tribute to the fictional character of the Brazilian "Turma da Mônica” comic books by Maurício de Sousa. Dorinha, created in 2004, is a visually impaired character, in this case blind. She was inspired by Dorina Nowill, who passed away in 2010 and who chaired the World Council for the Welfare of the Blind, known today as the World Union of the Blind.

Diagnosis.

Ochyrocera dorinha sp. nov. is easily distinguished from other species of Ochyrocera from the state of Minas Gerais by the total absence of eyes (Fig. 1A, B, E ). This species differs from Ochyrocera ritxoco and O. ritxoo , both anophtalmic, by having a palp with a globose bulb and flattened distally-narrowed embolus (Figs 1C, D , 2E , 3C, E, F , 5A, B ), while the two Amazonian species have an oval bulb and filiform embolus (see Brescovit et al. 2021; figs 2A, B, 8A, B). The female of Ochyrocera dorinha sp. nov. resembles O. magali sp. nov. by its long ducts and globose spermathecae (Fig. 7E, F ) but differs by having a larger pore plate, and one single U-curve on the ducts of the spermathecae in the genitalia (Fig. 5C, D ).

Description.

Male (Holotype IBSP 196428a). Total length 1.0. Carapace length 0.45, ovoid; narrowing gradually anteriorly; pars cephalic white, flat, fovea absent (Fig. 1A, E ). Eyes absent (Figs 1A, B, E , 2A ). Chelicerae paturon white; promargin with 5-6 teeth (Fig. 2B ) attached to a very long lamina; retromargin without teeth. Endites white, with large serrula with more than 30 denticles, distal macrosetae paired and crosier-like, many multifid macrosetae present (Fig. 2C ). Labium white, rounded with 7-8 setae with enlarged base. Sternum white. Legs: white; formula 1423; total lengths: I 5.7; II 5.5; III 4.3; IV 5.4. Male palp: palpal femur length 0.25; palpal tibia enlarged basally, shorter than cymbium (Fig. 2E ); cymbium slightly curved distally, bearing apical cuspule in shape of a nail (Figs 2F , 3C ); three retrolateral paired long setae on non-projected base (Fig. 3A ), tarsal organ subdistal, with non-elevated base and bifid and elongated proprioceptor (Fig. 3C, D ); three basal setae present on rounded cymbial prolateral extension (Fig. 3B ); bulb globose; embolus flattened, longer than bulb, subdistally narrowed, curved at tip (Fig. 3E, F ). Abdomen length 0.55, oval; uniformly yellowish. Six epiandrous spigots with short base (Fig. 2D ).

Female (paratype, IBSP 196428b). Total length 1.2; carapace length 0.5. Carapace as in male, yellowish-white (Figs 1B , 4A ). Pedipalp without claw, with conical tip and subdistal tarsal organ (Fig. 4C, D ). Eyes, chelicerae, sternum, endites, and labium as in male, but slightly yellowed (Fig. 4A, B ). Legs yellowed; formula 4123, total lengths: I 4.6; II 4.4; III 4.3; IV 4.8. Abdomen length 0.6. Colulus triangular with five bristles. Triangular basal lateral pockets (Fig. 5C, D ). Internal genitalia with globose spermathecae, with long and coiled ducts under pore plate. Uterus externus with no visible chambers and inconspicuous neck. Rounded pore-plates on spermathecae, with approximately 20-30 glandular ducts (Figs 5C, D ).

Variation.

Males (n=10): total length 0.8-1.1; carapace 0.4-0.51; femur I 3.2-3.5. Females (n=10): total length 1.0-1.4; carapace 0.45-0.56; femur I 3.1-3.4.

Distribution.

Known only from 19 caves on several mountains (Serra da Moeda, Serra do Gandarela, Escarpa Oriental do Caraça, Serra do Tamanduá) in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (Fig. 14 ). In general, the species is found in larger caves for this type of lithology (above 30 meters of development), and with the presence of aphotic zones. Its type locality, cave MP_0008, is an important cave in the region, with numerous other troglobite species ( Hoch and Ferreira 2012; Gomes et al. 2019), some of which are extremely rare (e.g., Ferricixius davidi Hoch & Ferreira, 2012; Cixiidae , Hemiptera ). Inserted in a rupestrian field at an altitude of 1,500 meters, this cave has almost 100 meters of development, with ascending channels, high humidity and low availability of trophic resources.

Figures

Figure 1. Ochyrocera dorinha sp. nov., male (IBSP 196433) A habitus, dorsal view B female (IBSP 196433), habitus, dorsal view C left male palp (IBSP 196433) prolateral view D same, retrolateral view E carapace, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C, cymbium; CE, cymbial extension; E, embolus; T, tegulum.

Figure 2. SEM images of Ochyrocera dorinha sp. nov., male (IBSP 198876) A carapace, anterior view B chelicerae, frontal view C endites, crosier-like macrosetae, dorsal view D epiandrous area, abdomen, ventral view E male palp, prolateral view F cymbium, distal view.

Figure 3. SEM images of Ochyrocera dorinha sp. nov., male palp (IBSP 189194) A cymbial extension, prolateral view B same, prolateral view C cymbium and bulb, anterior view D cymbium, tarsal organ, detail E embolus, ventral view F embolus, distal area, detail, ventral view.

Figure 4. SEM images of Ochyrocera dorinha sp. nov., female (IBSP 198873) A carapace, anterior view B chelicerae, frontal view C pedipalp, distal, prolateral view D same, tarsal organ, detail.

Figure 5. Ochyrocera dorinha sp. nov., A left male palp (IBSP 186100), retrolateral view B same, prolateral C female genitalia (IBSP 189185), enzyme cleared, dorsal view D same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C, cymbium; CE, cymbial extension; E, embolus; LP, lateral pockets; NUE, neck of uterus externus; PP, pore-plate; SP, spermathecae; T, tegulum, UE, uterus externus.

Figure 7. Ochyrocera magali sp. nov., female (IBSP 196412) A habitus, dorsal view B male palp, retrolateral view C same, prolateral view D same, dorsal view E epyginal plate, ventral view F female genitalia (IBSP 188947), enzyme cleared, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C, cymbium; CE, cymbial extension, E, embolus, LP, lateral pockets, NUE, neck of uterus externus; PP, pore-plate, SP, spermathecae; T, tegulum; UE, uterus externus.

Figure 14. Distribution map of the four new species of Ochyrocera from the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil: O. dorinha sp. nov. (yellow triangles), O. magali sp. nov. (blue circles), O. monica sp. nov. (pink circles), and O. rosinha sp. nov. (green stars).

Figure 15. Ochyrocera dorinha sp. nov. A female B male C Landscape where cave MP _ 0008 is located (type locality). The yellow star represents the exact location where the cave is inserted D Mining located around cave MP _ 0008 E Entrance to cave MP _ 0008 F Internal aspect of cave MP _ 0008 (iron cave).