Halechiniscus greveni Renaud-Mornant & Deroux, 1976

Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Bartels, Paul J., Roszkowska, Milena & Nelson, Diane R., 2015, The Zoogeography of Marine Tardigrada, Zootaxa 4037 (1), pp. 1-189 : 72-76

75. Halechiniscus greveni Renaud-Mornant & Deroux, 1976

Halechiniscus greveni n. sp. ( Renaud-Mornant & Deroux 1976)

Halechiniscus greveni ( Kristensen 1981, Sandulli et al. 1999, Accogli et al. 2011)

H. greveni Renaud-Mornant and Deroux 1976 (Grimaldi de Zio et al. 1983a)

H. greveni, Renaud Mornant et Deroux 1976 (Grimaldi de Zio et al. 1983a,b)

Terra typica: Celtic Sea ( France, Europe)

Adriatic Sea:

• 42°08′N, 15°30′E; 5–20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Domino Island, Punta Diamante, coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°06′N, 15°28′E [42°08′N, 15°30′E]; 11–20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, between Tremiti Islands, Posidonia seagrass meadow, medium and fine sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

• 42°09′00′′N, 15°30′00′′E [42°08′N, 15°31′E]; 5–20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, Caprara [Capraia] Island, Cala dei Turchi, coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°07′N, 15°31′E [42°08′N, 15°31′E]; 5–20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Nicola, Punta del Cimitero, coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°08′N, 15°29′E [42°07′N, 15°30′E]; 5–20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Domino Island, I Pagliai, coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°07′N, 15°30′E; 5–20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Domino Island, Cala Spino, coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°07′N, 15°30′E; 5–20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Nicola, Cretaccio coarse organogenic detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°06 ′ N, 15°29′E; 9 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, southern area of San Domino Island, in the proximity of Punta Zio Cesare, submarine cave Grotta delle Viole, ca. 10 m from the cave’s entrance, coarse organogenic detritus. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2001), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°06 ′ N, 15°29′E; 5 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, southern area of San Domino Island, in the proximity of Punta Zio Cesare, submarine cave Grotta delle Viole, internal opening, coarse organogenic detritus. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2001), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°06′N, 15°29′E; 5–10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Domino Island, Punta Zio Cesare, cave Grotta delle Viole, 0–10 cm depth, 80% coarse organogenic sand, 3% silt and clay, (mean diameter = 0.125 mm). Sandulli et al. (1999), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 42°06 ′ N, 15°28′E; 3 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, southern area of San Domino Island, in the proximity of Punta Zio Cesare, submarine cave Grotta delle Murene, cave’s entrance, coarse organogenic detritus. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2001), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

• 42°06 ′ N, 15°28′E; 3 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, southern area of San Domino Island, in the proximity of Punta Zio Cesare, submarine cave Grotta delle Murene, the middle of the cave, coarse organogenic detritus. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2001), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

• 42°06′N, 15°28′E; 2–4 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Foggia Province, Tremiti Islands, San Domino Island, Punta Zio Cesare, cave Grotta delle Murene, 0–10 cm depth, 80% coarse organogenic sand, 3% silt and clay, (mean diameter = 0.125 mm). Sandulli et al. (1999), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

• 40°03′N, 17°41′E or 40°03′17′′N, 17°45′58′′E [41°04′N, 17°05′E]; 3 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Bari Province, near Bari, Mola di Bari-Porto Colombo, 150 m offshore of Porto Colombo, sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 40 ° 27.17′N, 18 ° 14.58′E [40°43′N, 17°48′E]; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Torre Guaceto, very fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40°34′34′′N, 18°02′90′′E [40°34′N, 18°03′E]; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Mattarelle [Torre Mattarelle]. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 40 ° 34.38′N, 18 ° 0 9.49′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Mattarelle [Torre Mattarelle], ENEL power station, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 34.38′N, 18 ° 0 9.49′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Mattarelle [Torre Mattarelle], ENEL power station, very fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 34.38′N, 18 ° 0 9.49′E; 50 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Mattarelle [Torre Mattarelle], ENEL power station, mud. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 32.78′N, 18°06.75′E; 50 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Lendinuso, mud. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 31.59′N, 18°05.51′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Lendinuso, coarse sand in Posidonia meadows. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 31.59′N, 18°05.51′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Brindisi Province, Lendinuso, coarse sand in Posidonia meadows. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 27.24′N, 18°14.63′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Lecce Bacino (San Cataldo), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 27.17′N, 18°14.58′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Lecce Bacino (San Cataldo), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 27.17′N, 18°14.58′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Lecce Bacino (San Cataldo), fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 27.17′N, 18°14.58′E [40°22′N, 18°20′E]; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Ceisne (Marne protected area), fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 19.36′N, 18°23.16′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre Specchia, fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 19.36′N, 18°23.16′E; 50 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre Specchia, mud. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 19.26′N, 18°23.26′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre Specchia, fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

Alboran Sea:

• 35°11′N, 02°26′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Morocco, Chafarinas Islands, Congreso Island [ Isla del Congres], sublittoral mixed environment (4 sites). Villora-Moreno & Grimaldi de Zio (1996)

• 35°11′N, 02°26′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Morocco, Chafarinas Islands, Congreso Island [ Isla del Congres], sublittoral mixed environment, Amphioxus gravel (2 sites). Villora-Moreno & Grimaldi de Zio (1996)

Balearic Sea:

• 40°49′N, 08°30′E; 0–7 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Sardinia, Sassari Province, Gulf of Asinara, medium and medium fine sand. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2007)

• 40°20′N, 08°22′E; 1 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Sardinia, Sassari or Oristano Province, Gulf of Alghero, medium sand. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2007)

Celtic Sea:

• 48°44′N, 03°59′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] Type Locality: France, Brittany Region, Roscoff, Institut Biologique de Roscoff (Roscoff Marine Biological Station), installation for pumping marine water to the station. Renaud- Mornant & Deroux (1976), Kristensen (1981)

• 48°41′N, 03°58′W; 0 m bsl: [FAO27] France, Brittany Region, near St. Pol-de-Leon [Saint-Pol-de-Léon], rock pool. Kristensen (1981)

Indian Ocean:

• 04°15′N, 72°49′E; 19–37 m bsl: [FAO51] Republic of the Maldives, Ari Nord Atoll, coarse sand. Gallo et al. (2007)

• 03°57′N, 73°25′E; 5–41 m bsl: [FAO51] Republic of the Maldives, Male Sud Atoll, coarse sand. Gallo et al.

(2007)

• 03°29′N, 72°47′E; 22–23 m bsl: [FAO51] Republic of the Maldives, Ari Sud Atoll, coarse and medium sand. Gallo et al. (2007)

• 04°19′S, 55°52′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO51] Republic of Seychelles, Coco [Cocos] Island, coarse sand. Gallo et al. (2007)

Ionian Sea:

• 40°29′00′′N, 17°03′25′′E; 15 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Tarento Province, offshore of Chiatona, Secca dell’Armeleia, subtidal, organogenic, Amphioxus debris. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (1983a,b)

• 40°23′07′′N, 17°18′29′′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Tarento Province, Lido Gandoli, intertidal, heterogenous sand with high calcareous content. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (1983b)

• 40°17′45′′N, 17°33′38′′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Tarento Province, Campo Marino. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 40 ° 15.40′N, 17°52.57′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Porto Cesareo (marine protected area), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 15.37′N, 17°52.83′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Porto Cesareo (marine protected area), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 15.37′N, 17°52.83′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Porto Cesareo (marine protected area), very fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 13.94′N, 17°54.54′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 13.94′N, 17°54.54′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40°13′90′′N, 17°54′59′′E [40°13′N, 17°55′E]; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro [Sant’Isidoro]. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 40 ° 12.94′N, 17°5.07′E [40°13′N, 17°55′E]; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 12.94′N, 17°5.07′E [40°13′N, 17°55′E]; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Isidoro, medium sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 40 ° 0 1.99′N, 18°27.47′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Santa Cesarea Terme, fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 59.50′N, 18°25.49′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Castro Marina, Mussel Farm , coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 59.38′N, 18°25.01′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Castro Marina, Mussel Farm , fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 59.38′N, 18°25.01′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Castro Marina, Mussel Farm , coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39°59′34′′N, 18°25′01′′E; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Castro Marina . Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 39 ° 55.55′N, 18°02.81′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre San Giovanni Mancaversa, sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 55.55′N, 18°02.81′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre San Giovanni Mancaversa, fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39°55′55′′N, 18°02′71′′E [39°54′N, 18°06′E]; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Giovanni [Torre San Giovanni]. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 39°52′00′′N, 16°42′30′′E; 20–200 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Cosenza Province, High Ionian Sea offshore, Calabrian Coast, Amendolara Shoal, coralligenous sand, coralligenous sand mixed with debris, coarse medium or fine coralligenous sand (few samples). D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1987), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (1987), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 39 ° 51.41′N, 18°23.75′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Gagliano, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 51.26′N, 18°23.55′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Gagliano, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 51.26′N, 18°23.55′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Gagliano, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 51.26′N, 18°23.55′E; 50 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Gagliano, fine sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 50.46′N, 18°07.38′E; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre Mozza (industry for fish processing), sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 50.46′N, 18°07.38′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre Mozza (industry for fish processing), sand, coarse organogenous debris. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 50.14′N, 18°06.45′E; 20 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, Torre Mozza (industry for fish processing), coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39 ° 58.71′N, 18°18.28′E [39°49′N, 18°18′E]; 10 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Gregorio, coarse sand. Accogli et al. (2011)

• 39°48′40′′N, 18°40′38′′E [39°49′N, 18°19′E]; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Lecce Province, San Gregorio. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

Ligurian Sea:

• 43°32 ′ N, 10°12′E; 7 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Livorno Province, 300 m NW of Meloria Shoals Lighthouse, sediment samples. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1999a)

Mediterranean Sea:

• 35°54′N, 14°32′E; 30, 35 and 41 m bsl: [FAO37] Republic of Malta, SE coast of Malta, Sicily Channel, 1.75 km SE of the entrance of Grand Harbour and 1.4 km NW of the coastal settlement Xghajra, coarse organogenic detritus and fine sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

Tyrrhenian Sea:

• 40°20′30′′N, 09°40′15′′E; 0–> 80 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Sardinia Island, Nuoro Province, Orosei Gulf, pure sand, coastal organogenic debris, coralligenous debris mud or Posidonia seagrass meadows. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (1989), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (1990a), Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

• 40°13′N, 09°38′E; 0–30 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Sardinia, Nuoro Province, Gulf of Orosei, coarse, medium and medium fine sand. D’Addabbo Gallo et al. (2007)

• 38°44′N, 16°06′E [38°43′N, 16°06′E]; 0 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Vibo Valentia Province, Vibo Valentia, Trainiti beach. Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°37′N, 15°03′E [38°38′N, 15°04′E]; 1–4 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Panarea Island, Baia del Porto, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°38′N, 15°04′E [38°38′N, 15°05′E]; 1–4 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Panarea Island, Porto, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°36′N, 14°55′E; 40 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Secca del Capo, coralligenous bank, subtidal zone, coarse coralligenous detritus. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001)

• 38°34′N, 14°49′E [38°35′N, 14°48′E]; 1–5 and 40 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Salina Island, Faraglione, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°32′N, 14°50′E [38°33′N, 14°50′E]; 1–5 and 40 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Salina Island, Rinella, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°32′N, 14°52′E; 1–5 and 40 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Salina Island, Punta Lingua , subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°28′N, 14°57′E [38°29′N, 14°58′E]; 1–5 and 18 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Lipari Island, Porto, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°29′N, 14°58′E [38°28′N, 14°57′E]; 1–5 and 18 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Lipari Island, Punta Monte Rosa, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°27′N, 14°55′E [38°27′N, 14°56′E]; 1.5–5 and 18 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Lipari Island, Valle Muria, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°26′N, 14°57′E [38°27′N, 14°58′E]; 1–5 m bsl and 18 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Lipari Island, Punta S. Giuseppe, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°26′N, 14°55′E [38°26′N, 14°57′E]; 1–5 and 18 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Lipari Island, Pietra Lunga South, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°25′N, 14°56′E [38°25′N, 14°57′E]; 1.5–15 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Vulcano Island, West Porto, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°24′N, 14°56′E [38°25′N, 14°58′E]; 1.5–15 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Vulcano Island, East Porto, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

• 38°24′N, 14°59′E; 1.5–15 m bsl: [FAO37] Italy, Aeolian Islands, Vulcano Island, Punta Lucia, subtidal zone, siliceous sand. Grimaldi de Zio & D’Addabbo Gallo (2001), Grimaldi de Zio et al. (2003)

Record numbers (Sea/Ocean classification): Adriatic Sea: 29, Alboran Sea: 2, Balearic Sea: 2, Celtic Sea: 2, Indian Ocean: 4, Ionian Sea: 29, Ligurian Sea: 1, Mediterranean Sea: 1, Tyrrhenian Sea: 17; total: 87.

Record numbers (FAO classification): FAO27: 2, FAO37: 81, FAO51: 4; total: 87.

Remarks: This is a frequently reported species described for the first time from the marine water pumping system at the Marine Biological Station in Roscoff, France. Later it was reported from intertidal and subtidal localities (including marine caves) mainly in the Mediterranean basin, but also from a few localities in the Indian Ocean. It has been reported from different types of sand and detritus.