Malanea harleyi J.H.Kirkbr. (Kirkbride 1997: 366)

Roxo, Rafaela Sales Pereira & Barbosa, Maria Regina de Vasconcellos, 2023, The genus Malanea Aubl. (Rubiaceae) in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Plant Ecology and Evolution 156 (3), pp. 257-275 : 257

Malanea harleyi J.H.Kirkbr. (Kirkbride 1997: 366)

Fig. 2G-K

Type.

BRAZIL - Bahia • Ca 26 km SW of Belmonte along road to Itapebi , and 4 km alongside road towards the sea; 16°03'S, 39°02'W; 25 Mar. 1974; fr.; Harley, Renvoize, Eskine, Brighton & Pinheiro 17413; holotype: CEPEC [11800]; isotypes: K [K000015545, K000015546, K000852369, K000852370], MO [MO 100477410], RB [RB00344453] , US [ US 02367811, US 00512890], VEN [VEN176883].

Description.

Liana or scandent shrub 2-3 m tall; branchlets dark brown with sparse subcircular lenticels, glabrous. Stipules elliptic to ovate, (5-)7-15 × 3-9 mm, round at apex, glabrous. Leaves with petioles 0.4-1.8(-2.3) cm long, glabrous; blades elliptic to ovate, (6.4-)8-14.5(-16) × (3-)4-7(-8.1) cm, obtuse to round at base, acuminate at apex, margin slightly revolute, subcoriaceous to leathery, lustrous, glabrous, concolorous; secondary veins (5-)6-7(-8) on each side of the midrib, impressed or slightly sulcate above, prominent below; tertiary veins inconspicuous. Inflorescence spiciform, 4-11 cm long, 1-2 per axil, glomerules 7-8, with 5-7 flowers each, the basal pair of glomerules with branches 0.4-1.4 cm long, the others sessile; peduncle 0.5-3.1 cm long, sparse strigose; bracts triangular, 0.14-0.2(-3.3) mm long, pubescent; bracteoles two smaller and one larger, triangular to deltoid, 0.1-0.5 × 0.1-0.3 mm, glabrescent. Flower buds pubescent. Calyx lobed, lobes 0.7-1.3 mm long, glabrous. Corolla cream-yellow, tube 1.4-2.5(-3.0) mm long, externally glabrous, internally lanate; lobes rounded, 1.2-1.8 mm long, externally glabrous, internally lanate. Stamens with filaments 0.6 mm long; anthers 0.5-0.8 mm long. Style 1.2-3 mm long. Fruits oblong, 7-12 × 3-6.5 mm, purple, glabrous; persistent calyx lobes glabrous.

Distribution.

Endemic to the state of Bahia (Fig. 1C ).

Habitat and ecology.

Known only from forests on the coastal white sands (restinga forests) or from vegetation bordering grassy open areas on damp white sand at sea level.

Phenology.

Flowers from January to March, and in November; fruits from February to April, and from September to November.

Vernacular name.

Cravo-do-campo (Bahia, Mattos-Silva 3929).

Etymology.

The epithet harleyi honours Raymond Mervyn Harley, a botanist and honorary researcher at the Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew), and a specialist in neotropical biodiversity and one of the greatest scholars of the flora of Bahia, where he continues to collect and study the flora.

Preliminary IUCN conservation assessment.

Endangered (EN) B1ab(ii,iii)+2ab(ii,iii). The extent of occurrence (EOO) of this species was calculated as 4,394 km2, qualifying it as Endangered (EN). The area of occupancy (AOO) was estimated as 88 km2, also falling into the Endangered (EN) category ( Bachman et al. 2011; IUCN 2012, 2022). Malanea harleyi is an endemic species found in only five locations of Restinga forests in southern Bahia. That forest was severely degraded due to human activities such as housing construction, agriculture, and selective logging that threaten the local diversity ( Delprete and Jardim 2019).

Notes.

In the protologue of the species, Kirkbride (1997) comments that the flowers have fallen off after anthesis and he did not describe their characters. In this treatment, we present the first information about the floral structures of M. harleyi . However, this species is clearly distinct from the others due to its yellowish stipules, leaves, peduncle, and calyx when dried, subcoriaceous to leathery leaves, and glabrous vegetative structures.

Material examined.

BRAZIL - Bahia • Belmonte, ca 26 km SW de Belmonte ao longo da Rod. para Itapebí, e 4 km ao longo da Rod. para o mar; 16°05'S, 39°03'W; 25 Mar. 1974; fr.; Harley 17413; CEPEC, RB • Belmonte; 6 Jul. 1966; fr.; Belém 2498; CEPEC, RB • Camamu, povoado de Barcelos do Sul ; 16 Jul. 2005; fr.; Miranda 5083; HUEFS, ALCB • Camamu, povoado de Barcelos do Sul ; 16 Jul. 2005; fr.; Miranda 5186; UFRN • Ilhéus, 19.8 km W de Olivença na rodovia para Vila Brasil; 14°57 ’51” S, 39°06 ’48” W; 14 Feb. 1994; fr.; Thomas 10378; JPB, CEPEC • Ilhéus, 8.9 Km ao SW de Olivença, Rod. Maruim / Vila Brasil; 14°59 ’36” S, 39°3'W; 21 May 1995; fb., fl., fr.; Thomas 10956; CEPEC, NY • Ilhéus, ca 5 km, estrada que liga Olivença ao povoado do Maruim; 14°47 ’20” S, 39°04 ’57” W; 20 May 2002; fl.; Paixão 185; CEPEC • Ilhéus, Fazenda Barra do Manguinho. Ramal com entrada no Km 10 Rod. Pontal / Olivença, lado direito. 3 km a W da Rod.; 14°47 ’20” S, 39°04 ’57” W; 5 Feb. 1982; fr.; Mattos-Silva 1431; CEPEC • Ilhéus, Faz. Barra do Manguinho. Ramal c/ entr. km 10 Rod. Pontal / Olivença. Coletas 3.5 km ao W da praia; 14°47 ’20” S, 39°04 ’57” W; 11 Feb. 1993; fr.; Mattos-Silva 2911; CEPEC • Ilhéus, Faz. Guanabara. Ramal c/ entrada no km 10 a direita da Rod. Pontal / Olivença, 3 km ao W da entrada; 14°47 ’20” S, 39°04 ’57” W; 16 Oct. 1980; fr.; Mattos-Silva 1161; CEPEC • Ilhéus, Fazenda Guanabara (junto a Fazenda Barra do Manguinho ). Ramal com entrada no km 10 da Rod. Ilhéus/Olivença, á direita, 4 km a Oeste da Rodovia ; 14°47 ’20” S, 39°04 ’57” W; 9 Mar. 1997; fr.; Mattos-Silva 1851; CEPEC • Ilhéus, road from Olivença to Maruim, 6-8 km W of Olivença; 50 m; 10 May 1981; infl.; Mori 13935; CEPEC, RB • Itacaré, Fazenda Campo Cheiroso; 14°27'S, 38°99'W; 150 m; 31 Mar. 1993; fr.; Mattos-Silva 3929; HUEFS, ALCB, CEPEC • Itacaré, Campo Cheiroso; 14°22 ’50” S, 39°02 ’23” W; 125 m; 9 Feb. 2011; fr.; Lacerda 47; CEPEC • Itacaré, Campo Cheiroso; 14°22 ’50” S, 39°02 ’23” W; 100 m; 5 Apr. 2011; st.; Lacerda 127; CEPEC • Itacaré, Campo Cheiroso; 14°22 ’50” S, 39°02 ’23” W; 100 m; 22 Sep. 2011; st.; Lacerda 211; CEPEC • Itacaré, Campo Cheiroso, 14 km N da Serra Grande; 14°22'S, 39°04'W; 15 Nov. 1992; fl., fr; Thomas 9494; ALCB, CEPEC, HUEFS, NY • Itacaré, Estr. liga Serra Grande ramal 13 que leva ao Campinho Cheiroso. Coletas entre Km 15-16 a partir de Serra Grande ; 14°16 ’39” S, 38°59 ’47” W; 26 Aug. 1992; fr.; Amorim 730; CEPEC • Ituberá, região da praia do Pratigi ; 13°42 ’47” S, 39°09 ’64” W; 20 m; 27 Mar. 2003; fl.; Paixão 220; CEPEC • Maraú, a 3.9 km da balsa Itacaré/Maraú; 14°14 ’41” S, 39°00 ’59” W; 19 m; 22 May 2008; fr.; Vignoli-Silva 284; CEPEC • Maraú, beira da estrada, mata aberta, pouco antes de chegar à BR030; 14°14 ’39” S, 39°00 ’56” W; 28 Feb. 2007; fr.; Souza 148; CEPEC, NY • Maraú, ca 3 km a E de Maraú, na Rod. para Saquaíra; 14°06 ’20” S, 39°0 ’24” W; 2 Mar. 1971; fl.; Jardim 2648; CEPEC, NY • Maraú, Rod. BR-030, a 24 km trecho Maraú / Porto de Campinhos. 19 km a E do entroncamento; 14°04'S, 38°57'W; 13 Jun. 1979; fb., fr.; Mattos-Silva 451; CEPEC, IPA, RB • Una, ca 3 km SW da sede do município; 15°29 ’32” S, 39°07 ’52” W; 22 Feb. 1992; fr.; Carvalho 3821; CEPEC, HUEFS, NY • Una, Fazenda Bolandeira, ramal com entrada no km 10 da rodovia Una/Canaveiras; 15°24 ’35” S, 39°05 ’49” W; 14 Apr. 2000; fr.; Mattos-Silva 4058; HUEFS, ALCB, CEPEC • Una, próximo a Reserva Biologica de Una , beira de estrada; 15°11 ’16” S, 39°01 ’36” W; 434 m; 7 Jan. 2002; fl.; Nunes 732; HUEFS • Una, ramal a 5 km da estrada Una/Canavieras, 15°29 ’32” S, 39°07 ’52” W; 8 Jan. 1983; fr.; Carvalho 1364; CEPEC .

Figures

Figure 1. Geographical distribution of the species of Malanea in Atlantic Forest based on georeferenced localities of herbarium specimens. A. M. evenosa (yellow circles) and M. forsteronioides (pink diamonds). B. M. macrophylla (blue circles). C. M. harleyi (turquoise diamonds) and M. martiana (orange circles). D. M. revolutifolia (red diamonds) and M. spicata (green circles).

Figure 2. Species of Malanea from the Atlantic Forest. A - B. M. evenosa (Cardoso 1417). A. Lower surface of leaf with domatia. B. Inflorescence. C - F. M. forsteronioides. C. Lower surface of leaf (Hoehne 3547). D. Stipule (Furlan 1238). E. Inflorescence (Furlan 1238). F. Fruits (Bernacci 1137). G - K. M. harleyi. G. Habit (Carvalho 1364). H. Lower surface of leaf (Thomas 10378). I. Stipule (Mattos-Silva 3929). J. Inflorescence (Thomas 9494). K. Fruits (Thomas 10378). L - P. M. macrophylla. L. Habit (Silva 218). M. Lower surface of leaf (Kollmann 2109). N. Stipule (Bayman 211). O. Flower (Cardoso 1591). P. Fruits (Viana 408).