Tomarus adoceteus Ratcliffe & Cave, 2010

López-García, Margarita M. & Deloya, Cuauhtémoc, 2022, Cladistic analysis reveals polyphyly of Tomarus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae): new classification and taxonomic revision, Zootaxa 5211 (1), pp. 1-119 : 55

Tomarus adoceteus Ratcliffe & Cave, 2010

( Figs. 1H , 16A , 19A , 27A ; 41 )

Tomarus adoceteus Ratcliffe & Cave, 2010: 7 . Original combination.

Male holotype (BMNH) “Roy Soc-CIG Expdn. / Little Cayman, BWI / Pirates’ Point / House light / 30.7.1975. R.R.Askew // BM 1981 / 342 // TOMARUS / ADOCETEUS / RATCLIFFE & CAVE / HOLOTYPE ” Female paratype (BMNH) “GRAND CAYMAN IS. B.W.I. / Georgetown / 16 sept 1973 / E. J. Gerberg // At black light // Ratcliffe & Cave / db Dynastine / West Indies // TOMARUS / ADOCETEUS / RATCLIFFE & CAVE / PARATYPE. Female paratype (BMNH) “WEST INDIES: Cayman Is. / Grand Cayman / VI-1992 coll. P. Fitzgerald / blacklight trap // Ratcliffe & Cave / db Dynastine / West Indies // TOMARUS / ADOCETEUS / RATCLIFFE & CAVE / PARATYPE. Female paratype (BCRC) “Roy Soc-CIG Expdn. / Little Cayman / Pirates’ Point / 9.viii.1975 // TOMARUS / ADOCETEUS / RATCLIFFE & CAVE / PARATYPE ”. Type locality: Pirates’ Point, Little Cayman Island .

Description. Habitus as in Fig. 27A . Length 20.0– 22.5 mm; humeral width 10.3–12.4 mm. Color dark reddish brown to black. Head: Frons and clypeus coarsely and densely rugose. Frontoclypeal region with 2 transverse, low tubercles separated by about 7 tubercle diameters. Clypeus narrowed towards apex, base 3 times as wide as apex ( Fig. 1H ). Clypeal teeth small, transverse, separated by a tooth diameter. Mandible with 2 apical teeth and a lateral, slightly rounded tooth. Mentum abruptly constricted at apical 3rd. Galea of maxilla with teeth 5 and 6 vestigial. Interocular distance 3.5 times an eye width. Pronotum: Surface with small punctures; denser and deeper on anterior and lateral angles. Apical tubercle small, rounded, not visible in lateral view. Subapical fovea shallow, elongate, narrow (1/3 the interocular distance); equal in both sexes, surface rugopunctate. Scutellum: With deep, large punctures forming 2 lines parallel to margins. Elytra: Punctures on first interval as large as those on other intervals; sutural stria complete. Inner surface of apex with rounded, large tubercles forming 13–14 parallel lines. Abdomen: Apex of tergite IV with a triangular wide area with small, irregular tubercles forming 12–14 diagonal, nearly parallel lines. Pygidium with dense rugosity on basal 3rd; apex rounded. Venter: Apex of prosternal process flat, transversely oval to rounded. Metasternum with minute setae on anterior angles. Legs: Protibia tridentate, without basal denticle. Apex of metatibia crenulate, with 10–11 spinules. Male genitalia: Phallobase 1.2 times longer than parameres. Parameres with 2 dorsal teeth on each side; basal tooth acute, longer than apical tooth that is inconspicuous ( Figs. 16A , 19A ). Internal sac with copulatory lamella and short lamellar spiny belt; with a complex of 7 spine-like, accessory lamellae, with dense granules at base.

Diagnosis. Tomarus adoceteus is differentiated by the following character combination: frontoclypeal tubercles transverse and low ( Fig. 1H ); galea of maxilla with teeth 5 and 6 vestigial (as in T. subtropicus , Fig. 4I ); pronotal surface with small punctures; pronotal tubercle not visible in lateral view; pronotal fovea shallow and narrow (1/3 as wide as interocular distance) ( Fig. 27A ); protibia tridentate, without an additional basal denticle; apex of metatibia with 10–11 spinules; parameres with 2 dorsal teeth on each side, main teeth long, widely separate from secondary; apex of parameres slender ( Figs. 16A , 19A ).

Taxonomic remarks. Tomarus adoceteus was described originally by Ratcliffe & Cave (2010) in the genus Tomarus , but Morón & Grossi (2015) placed it in Ligyrus , while their most similar species were remained in Tomarus . The phylogenetic analysis evidences that this species does not have a close relationship with the members of Ligyrus , so it is maintained in its original combination.

Distribution. Bahamas and Cayman Islands ( Ratcliffe & Cave 2015). A single male specimen from Yucatán ( Mexico) was examined but more evidence is necessary to confirm that the species occurs in that country.

Locality records ( Fig. 41 ). 7 specimens examined from BCRC, BMNH, and IEXA. Some records from Ratcliffe & Cave (2015). BAHAMAS (6). Bimini (4): Allen Cay; North Bimini; South Bimini. CAYMAN ISLANDS (7). Grand Cayman (3): Georgetown. Little Cayman (4): Pirate’s Point. MEXICO (1). Yucatán (1): Reserva Estatal El Palmar .

Natural history. Little is known about T. adoceteus . Specimens have been found between June and September using blacklights.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Head. A) Euligyrus ebenus, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) peruvianus, D) L. (Anagrylius) moroni, E) L. (Ligyrus) ruginasus, F) L. (Ligyrus) nasutus, G) L. (Ligyrus) bidentulus, H) Tomarus adoceteus, I) T. maimon, J) T. pullus, K) T. pumilus.

FIGURE 4. Maxilla. A) Euligyrus similis, B) Proculigyrus cicatricosus, C) Ligyrus (Ligyrodes) relictus, D) L. (Ligyrus) burmeisteri, E) L. (Ligyrus) villosus, F) Tomarus gyas, G) Tomarus maternus, H) T. selanderi, I) T. subtropicus.

FIGURE 16. Parameres in frontal view. A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon, J) T. maracaiboensis, K) T. maternus, L) T. pilcopataensis, M) T. pullus, N) T. pumilus, O) T. roigjunenti, P) T. rostratus, Q) T. selanderi, R) T. subtropicus.

FIGURE 19. Parameres in lateral view. A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon.

FIGURE 27. Habitus of the species of Tomarus: A) Tomarus adoceteus, B) T. amazonicus, C) T. bituberculatus, D) T. colombianus, E) T. discrepans, F) T. gyas, G) T. laevicollis, H) T. laticaudus, I) T. maimon. Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIGURE 41. Distributional records of Tomarus adoceteus and T. subtropicus.