Physatocheila chiniana ( Drake, 1942 ) Souma & Ishikawa, 2022

Souma, Jun & Ishikawa, Tadashi, 2022, Taxonomic review of the tingine genera Cysteochila, Hurdchila, Physatocheila, and Xynotingis from Japan, with description of a new genus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae), Zootaxa 5150 (1), pp. 1-42 : 13-16

Physatocheila chiniana ( Drake, 1942) , comb. nov.

( Figs. 8A , 9A , 10A , 11A , 17C , 18C )

Cysteochila chiniana Drake, 1942: 5 . Holotype: macropterous ♂, China: Mt. Tien Sun ; USNM.

Physatocheila fieberi (non Scott, 1874): Takeya (1951: 20) (checklist: eastern Asia); Takeya (1953a: 175) (redescription). Misidentifications ( Drake & Ruhoff 1965a: 165).

Cysteochila consueta (non Drake, 1948): Miyamoto (1965: 92) (distribution); Lee (1969: 197) (nymph, male genitalia); Miyamoto (1976: 498) (distribution); Miyamoto & Yasunaga (1989: 167) (checklist: Japan); Yazaki (2009: 31) (distribution); Yamada & Tomokuni (2012: 192) (monograph); Yano et al. (2013: 25) (distribution); Maehara (2014: 59) (distribution); Nozaki et al. (2015: 9) (distribution); Komatsu (2016: 99) (distribution); Yamada & Ishikawa (2016: 430) (checklist: Japan); Ito & Sasaki (2018: 18) (distribution); Okochi (2019: 1) (distribution). Misidentifications.

Cysteochila chiniana: Drake & Ruhoff (1965a: 165) (catalog); Jing (1981: 327) (key to species: China); Péricart & Golub (1996: 26) (checklist: Palaearctic); Tomokuni et al. (2000: 43) (distribution); Tomokuni (2005: 400) (distribution); Tomokuni (2006a: 60) (distribution); Tomokuni (2006b: 352) (distribution); Miyamoto (2008: 158) (distribution); Nakamura (2014: 357) (distribution); Tomokuni (2014: 362) (distribution).

Specimens examined. Non-types (55 ♂♂ 63 ♀♀ 3 nymphs), JAPAN: Honshu: Tochigi-ken, Nasukarasuyamashi, Taki, 3638'55.7" N 14008 '17.4"E, 3.ix.2016, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); Saitama-ken, Saitama-shi, Midori-ku, Daid, 2.vi.2018, leg. K. Okuda (1 ♂, ELKU); Saitama-ken, Chichibu-gun, Minano-machi, Shimotano, 3605'23.8" N 13907 '00.1"E, 29.v.2019, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA); Tokyo Met., Hachioji, Bessho, Nagaike Park, 18.x.2010, leg. M. Hayashi et al. (1 ♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Zama-shi, Nittajuku, 3528'35.8" N 13922 '45.4"E, 3.vi.2017, leg. J. Souma (2 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, TUA); Kanagawa-ken, Atsugi-shi, Funako, 3525'58.3" N 13920 '48.6"E, 6.v.2017, leg. J. Souma (1 ♀, TUA); as above but 11.v.2017 (1 ♂, TUA); as above but 25.v.2017 (1 ♀, TUA); as above but 7.vi.2017 (4 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 8.vi.2017 (3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 10.vi.2017 (6 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 12.vi.2017 (1 ♂ 6 ♀♀, TUA); as above but 26.iv.2018 (4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA); as above but 12.vi.2018 (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ 3 nymphs, TUA); as above but 13.ix.2018 (1 ♀, TUA); Niigata-ken, Nagaoka-shi, Suyoshi-machi, Magi For. Rd., 3724'52.2" N 13855 '36.8"E, 30.vii.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA). Jogashima Island: 23.v.1994, leg. M. Hayashi et al. (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA). Sado Island: Kubota, 27.viii.2021, leg. J. Souma (3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, TUA). Kyushu: Fukuoka-ken, Fukuoka-shi, Chu-ku, NW part of Minami-kôen, 8.v.2021, leg. S. Imada (2 ♀♀, ELKU); Fukuokaken, Nishi-ku, Motooka, 11–16.vii.2015, leg. S. Imada (1 ♂, ELKU); Fukuoka Pref., Setaka-machi, Mt. Kiyomizu-yama, 1.v.1997, leg. T. Ishikawa (1 ♂, TUA); Chikugo, Kurume, 12.viii.1951, leg. C. Takeya (1 ♀, ELKU); as above but 25.ix.1951 (1 ♀, ELKU); as above but 23.ix.1950, leg. S. Miyamoto (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, KUM); as above but 22.ix.1950, leg. S. Miyamoto (2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, KUM); Chikuzen, Fukuoka, Akama, 10.vii.1931, leg. C. Takeya (1 ♂, ELKU; 1 ♂, KUM); as above but 20.vii.1931 (1 ♂, ELKU). Tsushima Island: Mt. Ariake, 19.vii.1968, leg. S. Miyamoto & A. Nakanishi (2 ♀♀, KUM); Kuda, 29.viii.1988, leg. S. + K. M. (10 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, KUM). Iki Island: Gonoura-cho, Katabarufure, Takenotsuji, 16–18.vii.2016, leg. R. Ito (7 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, TUA). No locality, date and collector data given (1 ♀, KUM). A single specimen without detailed label data has been recorded as Cysteochila consueta by Miyamoto (1965). Two specimens collected from Tsushima Island in 1968 have been recorded as Cysteochila consueta by Miyamoto (1976).

Diagnosis. Recognized among other species of Physatocheila by a combination of the following characters: general color brown ( Figs. 8A , 9A , 10A , 11A ); median spine on head extending beyond bases of frontal spines; rostrum reaching posterior margin of mesosternum; pubescence on pronotum less than 0.5 times as long as diameter of compound eye; lateral carinae of pronotum close to each other in anterior part, concealed by paranotum in anterior part; paranota completely covering pronotal disc in anterior part, touching each other, concealing median carina of pronotum, widened posteriorly, bulged upward in posterior part, forming a cyst; cyst of paranotum not concave in posterior part; outer margin of paranotum gently curved outward in its entire length; costal area of hemelytron wider than subcostal area at widest part, less than 0.5 times as wide as discoidal area at widest part, with 2 rows of areolae in its entire length; and subcostal area subvertical, with 2 rows of areolae in its entire length.

Description of genitalia. Pygophore ( Figs. 10A , 17C ) compressed dorsoventrally, hexagonal in ventral view, strongly concave at anterior margin of dorsum, elevated at center of venter, smooth on surface, irregularly punctate in middle part of dorsum. Paramere ( Fig. 18C ) expanded in middle part, curved inward in apical part; outer and inner margins covered with pubescence in middle part. Female terminalia ( Fig. 11A ) pentagonal in ventral view, covered with pubescence.

Remarks. This species has been supposed to belong to Physatocheila by Péricart (1985a) and is in fact affiliated to this genus without doubt because it presents generic characteristics, as described in the Diagnosis section. Therefore, the new combination, Physatocheila chiniana ( Drake, 1942) comb. nov., is proposed.

The specimens recorded above matched the photographs of the holotype (https://collections.nmnh.si.edu/ search/ento/?ark=ark:/65665/3c4d64ed011d8459bbc2a94f235d77a4c) and the original description ( Drake 1942) of P. chiniana comb. nov. described from China in general appearance.

Physatocheila chiniana comb. nov. has been recorded as C. consueta (= P. consueta comb. nov.) in Japan by several researchers (e.g. Miyamoto 1965; Yamada & Tomokuni 2012; Komatsu 2016). The two species are similar superficially, however, P. chiniana comb. nov. can be easily distinguished from P. consueta comb. nov. based on the following characteristics: paranotum completely covering pronotal disc in anterior part, touching median carina of pronotum ( Fig. 8A ); costal area of hemelytron with 2 rows of areolae in its entire length; subcostal area subvertical: metasternum as wide as mesosternum ( Fig. 9A ); and metasternal laminae nearly parallel to each other.

Physatocheila chiniana comb. nov. closely resembles P. fieberi in the shape of hemelytron but can be distinguished from it by the following characteristics: rostrum reaching posterior margin of mesosternum ( Fig. 9A ); paranota touching each other, concealing median carina of pronotum ( Fig. 8A ); and cyst of paranotum not concave in posterior part.

Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Jogashima Island, Sado Island, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima Island, Iki Island, Shimokoshiki Island), China, Taiwan.

A number of specimens from Japan including Cysteochila consueta recorded by Miyamoto (1976) were examined, and all were identified as P. chiniana comb. nov. In addition, the illustrations and photographs of C. consueta from Japan provided by previous authors ( Miyamoto 1965; Lee 1969; Yamada & Tomokuni 2012) represent P. chiniana comb. nov. At least some, and possibly all, previous records of C. consueta from Japan seem to correspond to P. chiniana comb. nov. According to Péricart & Golub (1996), this species has been recorded in Vietnam. However, we could not find the distributional records based on the specimens in the previous papers (e.g. Drake & Ruhoff 1965a; Jing 1981). Thus, the occurrence of P. chiniana comb. nov. in Vietnam is in need of confirmation. Physatocheila chiniana comb. nov. is recorded from Sado and Iki islands for the first time.

Host plant. Causonis japonica (Thunb.) Raf. [= Cissus japonica (Thunb.) Willd. ] ( Vitaceae ) (Takeya 1951; Miyamoto 1965, 2008; Yamada & Tomokuni 2012; Komatsu 2016; Okochi 2019).

Biology. A number of individuals of Physatocheila chiniana comb. nov. were collected from the leaves of the host plant Causonis japonica in Japan proper (present study), suggesting that this species is folivorous, similar to many tingids ( Schuh & Weirauch 2020).

In Japan, adults were observed from April to November ( Miyamoto 1976; Yazaki 2009; Yamada & Tomokuni 2012; Yano et al. 2013; Maehara 2014; Nozaki et al. 2015; Komatsu 2016; Ito & Sasaki 2018; Okochi 2019; present study) and nymphs were collected in June and September (Yamada & Ishikawa 2012; present study). The overwintering stage remains unknown.

Figures

FIGURE 8. Nine Physatocheila species from Japan. Dried specimens, dorsal view: P. chiniana comb. nov. (A); P. consueta comb. nov. (B); P. distinguenda (C); P. euthenia comb. nov. (D); P. fieberi from Japan proper (E); P. fieberi from the Ryukyu Islands (F); P. miyatakei (G); P. nigrintegerrima (H); P. orientis (I); P. veteris (J). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 9. Rostra and sternal laminae of nine Physatocheila species from Japan, ventral view: P. chiniana comb. nov. (A); P. consueta comb. nov. (B); P. distinguenda (C); P. euthenia comb. nov. (D); P. fieberi (E); P. miyatakei (F); P. nigrintegerrima (G); P. orientis (H); P. veteris (I). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 10. Male terminalia of nine Physatocheila species from Japan, ventral view: P. chiniana comb. nov. (A); P. consueta comb. nov. (B); P. distinguenda (C); P. euthenia comb. nov. (D); P. fieberi (E); P. miyatakei (F); P. nigrintegerrima (G); P. orientis (H); P. veteris (I). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 11. Female terminalia of nine Physatocheila species from Japan, ventral view: P. chiniana comb. nov. (A); P. consueta comb. nov. (B); P. distinguenda (C); P. euthenia comb. nov. (D); P. fieberi (E); P. miyatakei (F); P. nigrintegerrima (G); P. orientis (H); P. veteris (I). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 17. Pygophores of eleven species of Cysteochila and its close relatives from Japan, dorsal view: C. abundantis (A); Limnostatua lewisi comb. nov. (B); Physatocheila chiniana comb. nov. (C); P. consueta comb. nov. (D); P. distinguenda (E); P. euthenia comb. nov. (F); P. fieberi from Japan proper (G); P. fieberi from the Ryukyu Islands (H); P. miyatakei (I); P. nigrintegerrima (J); P. orientis (K); P. veteris (L). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 18. Parameres of eleven species of Cysteochila and its close relatives from Japan, dorsal view: C. abundantis (A); Limnostatua lewisi comb. nov. (B); Physatocheila chiniana comb. nov. (C); P. consueta comb. nov. (D); P. distinguenda (E); P. euthenia comb. nov. (F); P. fieberi from Japan proper (G); P. fieberi from the Ryukyu Islands (H); P. miyatakei (I); P. nigrintegerrima (J); P. orientis (K); P. veteris (L). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.