Limnostatua lewisi ( Scott, 1880 ) Souma & Ishikawa, 2022

Souma, Jun & Ishikawa, Tadashi, 2022, Taxonomic review of the tingine genera Cysteochila, Hurdchila, Physatocheila, and Xynotingis from Japan, with description of a new genus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae), Zootaxa 5150 (1), pp. 1-42 : 8-12

Limnostatua lewisi ( Scott, 1880) , comb. nov.

( Figs. 4A–F , 5A–C , 6A–C , 7 , 17B , 18B )

Leptodictya? lewisi Scott, 1880: 314 . Holotype: macropterous ♂, Japan; BMNH.

Cysteochila vota Drake, 1948b: 7 . Holotype: macropterous ♀, Japan: Moji [= Kyushu, Fukuoka-ken, Kitakyushu-shi, Moji-ku] ( Fig. 7 ); USNM. New subjective synonym.

Leptodictya lewisi: Takeya (1951: 20) (checklist: eastern Asia).

Cochlochila lewisi: Drake & Ruhoff (1961: 150) (new combination); Drake & Ruhoff (1965a: 120) (catalog).

Hurdchila lewisi: Péricart (1985c: 170) (new combination); Péricart & Golub (1996: 42) (checklist: Palaearctic); Yamada & Tomokuni (2012: 197) (monograph); Yamada & Ishikawa (2016: 431) (checklist: Japan).

Cysteochila consueta (non Drake, 1948): Hayashi & Higashikawa (1997: 36) (distribution). Misidentification.

Cysteochila vota: Takeya (1951: 21) (checklist: eastern Asia); Drake & Maa (1953: 92) (distribution); Drake & Ruhoff (1965a: 177) (catalog); Lee (1967: 108) (distribution); Lee (1969: 239) (male genitalia); Miyamoto (1976: 498) (distribution); Miyamoto & Yasunaga (1989: 167) (checklist: Japan); Péricart & Golub (1996: 28) (checklist: Palaearctic); Kwon et al. (2001: 188) (checklist: Korea); Yamada & Tomokuni (2012: 193) (monograph); Maehara (2014: 59) (distribution); Yamada & Ishikawa (2016: 431) (checklist: Japan); Nakatani (2019: 92) (distribution); Cho et al. (2020: 738) (distribution).

Specimens examined. Non-types (46 ♂♂ 50 ♀♀ 6 nymphs), JAPAN: Hokkaido: Teshikaga-cho, Wakoto-hanto, leg. M. Nakatani (1 ♀, TUA) . Honshu: Ibaraki-ken, Kitaibaraki-shi , Sekimoto-cho , Ogawa , 23.vii.2017, leg. J. Souma (3 ♀♀ 1 nymph, TUA) ; Saitama, Hannou C., near Azu , 8.viii.1984, leg. M. Nishimura (1 ♀, TUA) ; Saitamaken, Higashimatsuyama-shi, Ketsuka , 31.viii.1994, leg. T. Ishikawa (1 ♀, TUA) ; Saitama Pref., Hanazono, Kamig , 28.vii.2003, leg. M. Hayashi et al. (1 ♀, TUA) ; Saitama Pref., Higashi-matsuyama, Gôdo , 25.viii.2010, leg. M. Hayashi et al. (7 ♂♂ 1 ♀, TUA) ; Tokyo, Nerima , 10.xi.1934, leg. local collector (1 ♂, KUM) ; Tokyo, Machida-shi, Tanakayato , 9.x.1994, leg. T. Kishimoto (1 ♀, TUA) ; Kanagawa-ken, Aiko-gun, Aikawa-machi , Nakatsu , Oyama , 3530'58.7" N 13919 '29.5"E, 27.x.2018, leg. J. Souma (10 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀ 3 nymphs, TUA) ; as above but 10.x.2019 (3 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, TUA) ; Niigata-ken, Nagaoka-shi, Yamakoshi , Takesawa , 37.313278N 138.884330E, 7.xi.2015, leg. G. Mashima (1 ♀, TUA) ; Toyama, Nehi, Furusato Vil. , 9.x.1959, leg. I. Hiura (4 ♂♂, KUM) ; Nagano Pref., Sugadaira, 1,250 m alt., 26.v.1995, leg. M. Hayashi et al. (1 ♂, TUA) ; as above but 26.vii.1995 (1 ♀, TUA) ; as above 8.viii.1995 (1 ♂, TUA) ; Kai, Shosenkyo–Karobera , 22.vii.1956, leg. S. Miyamoto (1 ♀, KUM) ; Mie-ken, Tsu-shi, Hakusan-cho , Hattaino , 3439'34.0" N 13618 '46.9"E, 1.x.2019, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA) ; Izumi, Sakai-shi , iii.1944, leg. K. Kurosa (2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, KUM) ; Settsu, Amagasaki , 28.vii.1935, leg. K. Kurosa (1 ♀, KUM) ; Yamaguchi-ken, Otsu-gun, Misumi-cho , 13.viii.1955, leg. Y. Higo (1 ♀, KUM) . Tsushima Island: Meboro, Mt. Mitake , 1518. vii.1968, leg. S. Miyamoto & A. Nakanishi (16 ♂♂ 13 ♀♀ 2 nymphs, KUM) . KOREA: Daegu, Palgongsan, near Pagyesa , 18.ix.1961, leg. C. E. Lee (2 ♀♀, KUM) . Three specimens collected from Honshu in 1995 have been recorded as Cysteochila consueta by Hayashi & Higashikawa (1997) .

Diagnosis. Recognized by the characters of Limnostatua gen. nov.

Description of genitalia. Abdomen ellipsoidal; sternites IV–VIII in male and IV–VII in female each with a transverse furrow throughout their width. Pygophore ( Figs. 4E , 17B ) compressed dorsoventrally, hexagonal in ventral view, strongly concave at anterior margin of dorsum, elevated at center of venter, smooth on surface, irregularly punctate in middle part of dorsum. Paramere ( Fig. 18B ) expanded in middle part, curved inward in apical part; outer and inner margins covered with pubescence in middle part. Female terminalia ( Fig. 4F ) pentagonal in ventral view, covered with pubescence; ovipositor with well-developed ovivalvula at base; paratergite IX unilobed.

Fifth instar nymph. General color pale brown; compound eyes light red ( Fig. 5A–C ). Body oval in shape, 2.4–2.5 mm in length; dorsum with countless granular projections on surface. Head with five spines. Antennae smooth on surface, covered with minute pubescence; segments I separated from each other at their bases; segment II shortest among antennal segments; segment III longest among antennal segments; segment IV longer than segment I. Rostrum reaching posterior margin of mesosternum. Pronotum with two pairs of minute spines along midline; anterior pair on anterior part of pronotum and posterior pair on middle part of pronotum; outer margin with four spines. Mesonotum with a pair of minute spines on posterior part; mesonotal wing pad reaching middle part of abdominal tergite IV, with four spines on outer margin. Metanotum with a pair of minute spines on posterior part; metanotal wing pad concealed by mesonotal wing pad throughout their length. Legs smooth on surface, longer than rostrum, covered with minute pubescence. Abdomen longer than combined length of head and thorax except mesonotal wing pad; tergite I with a pair of minute spines on posterior part; tergites II, V, VI and VIII with a single spine along midline; tergites IV–IX with a pair of spines on posterolateral angles.

Remarks. Based on a comparison of L. lewisi comb nov. and C. vota using the photographs of holotypes (https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/1b6b587e-f044-4b9b-9b75-8e8eecc0d7f5/1582761600000; Fig. 7 ), original descriptions ( Scott 1880: Drake 1948b), redescription ( Péricart 1985c), and a number of Japanese specimens, no morphological differences were observed between the two species. Therefore, the new subjective synonymy, Limnostatua lewisi ( Scott, 1880) comb. nov. = Cysteochila vota Drake, 1948 , syn. nov., is proposed. The holotype of C. vota syn. nov. was collected from “ Japan: Moji” [= Japan: Kyushu, Fukuoka-ken, Kitakyushu-shi, Moji-ku] ( Drake 1948b) ( Fig. 7 ).

Limnostatua lewisi comb. nov. was recorded as C. chiniana (= P. chiniana comb. nov.) by Hayashi & Higashikawa (1997). However, the former can be easily distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics: hood semi-globose, higher than pronotal disc at highest part ( Fig. 4A–C ); paranotum forming a dome opening inward; outer margin of paranotum resting on pronotal disc at anterior and posterior ends; costal area of hemelytron with 2 rows of areolae in middle part and in a single row in remaining parts; subcostal area subhorizontal: metasternum wider than mesosternum ( Fig. 4D ); and metasternal laminae curved outward.

Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Tsushima Island), China, Korea.

In Japan, L. lewisi comb. nov. was found inhabiting marshlands in a temperate climate (cf. Yamada & Tomokuni 2012; Maehara 2014; Yamada & Ishikawa 2016; Nakatani 2019).

Host plant. In Japan, adults and nymphs were collected from Persicaria sagittata (L.) H.Gross ( Polygonaceae ) ( Fig. 6D ) at Honshu ( Maehara 2014; present study) and from Clematis apiifolia DC. var. apiifolia (Ranunculaceae) on Tsushima Island ( Miyamoto 1976).

A number of individuals of L. lewisi comb. nov. were collected from unidentified herbaceous vines in China ( Drake & Maa 1953).

Biology. Adults and nymphs were collected from the above-mentioned host plants in two botanical families, suggesting that the species is euryphagous.

Although many tingids typically feed on the underside of the leaves of host plants ( Schuh & Weirauch 2020), a number of individuals of L. lewisi comb. nov. were collected from achenes of the host plant Persicaria sagittata in October at Honshu ( Maehara 2014). Additionally, nymphs were observed feeding on the achenes and peduncles of this polygonaceous plant in captivity (present study). Therefore, this species appears to feed on achenes and peduncles.

In Japan and Korea, adults were observed from April to November ( Drake 1948b; Lee 1967; Miyamoto 1976; Hayashi & Higashikawa 1997; Kwon et al. 2001; Yamada & Tomokuni 2012; Maehara 2014; Nakatani 2019; present study) and nymphs were collected in July and October ( Maehara 2014; present study). The overwintering stage remains unknown.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Habitus images of Limnostatua lewisi comb. nov. from Japan. Dried specimen, dorsal, dorsolateral and lateral views (A–C). Ventral structures: rostrum (D), male terminalia (E) and female terminalia (F). Scale bars: A–C, 1.0 mm; D–F, 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 5. Fifth instar nymph of Limnostatua lewisi comb. nov. from Japan. Dried specimen, dorsal, dorsolateral and lateral views (A–C). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 6. Living adults (A, B) and a living fifth instar nymph (C) of Limnostatua lewisi comb. nov. from Kanagawa, Honshu, Japan (photographs taken indoors). Host plant (Persicaria sagittata (L.) H.Gross) (D) of L. lewisi comb. nov. at Kanagawa, Honshu, Japan.

FIGURE 7. The holotype and its labels of Cysteochila vota syn. nov.

FIGURE 17. Pygophores of eleven species of Cysteochila and its close relatives from Japan, dorsal view: C. abundantis (A); Limnostatua lewisi comb. nov. (B); Physatocheila chiniana comb. nov. (C); P. consueta comb. nov. (D); P. distinguenda (E); P. euthenia comb. nov. (F); P. fieberi from Japan proper (G); P. fieberi from the Ryukyu Islands (H); P. miyatakei (I); P. nigrintegerrima (J); P. orientis (K); P. veteris (L). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 18. Parameres of eleven species of Cysteochila and its close relatives from Japan, dorsal view: C. abundantis (A); Limnostatua lewisi comb. nov. (B); Physatocheila chiniana comb. nov. (C); P. consueta comb. nov. (D); P. distinguenda (E); P. euthenia comb. nov. (F); P. fieberi from Japan proper (G); P. fieberi from the Ryukyu Islands (H); P. miyatakei (I); P. nigrintegerrima (J); P. orientis (K); P. veteris (L). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.