Physatocheila distinguenda ( Jakovlev, 1880 )

Souma, Jun & Ishikawa, Tadashi, 2022, Taxonomic review of the tingine genera Cysteochila, Hurdchila, Physatocheila, and Xynotingis from Japan, with description of a new genus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae), Zootaxa 5150 (1), pp. 1-42 : 18-19

Physatocheila distinguenda ( Jakovlev, 1880)

( Figs. 8C , 9C , 10C , 11C , 17E , 18E )

Monanthia (Physatocheila) distinguenda Jakovlev, 1880: 139 . Holotype: macropterous ♀, Russia: “Sarepta” [= Krasnoarmeysk , near Volgograd]; ZIAS.

Stephanitis salicorum Baba, 1925: 3 . Lectotype by subsequent designation (Tomokuni 1994: 842): macropterous ♀, Japan: Honshu, Nagano Prefecture, “Entoku-mura, Shimotakai-gun” [= Mitsuwa area of Nakano-shi]; ELHU. Synonymized by Golub (1977a: 29).

Physatocheila hailarensis Nonnaizab, 1985: 226 . Holotype: macropterous ♀, China: Inner Mongolia, Hulunbeir League; BDNU. Synonymized by Golub (1988a: 54).

Physatochila distinguenda: Horváth (1906: 96) (new combination); Kiritshenko (1951: 252) (key to species); Drake & Ruhoff (1965a: 332) (catalog); Putshkov (1974: 264) (monograph); Golub (1977a: 27) (distribution); Golub (1977b: 248) (distribution); Péricart (1983: 445) (monograph); Golub (1988b: 144) (key to species); Miyamoto & Yasunaga (1989: 167) (checklist: Japan); Tomokuni (1994: 842) (type specimen); Péricart & Golub (1996: 54) (checklist: Palaearctic); Kwon et al. (2001: 194) (checklist: Korea); Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology (2006: 56) (pest); Maehara (2010: 132) (distribution); Vinokurov et al. (2010: 158) (checklist: eastern Russia); Yamada & Tomokuni (2012: 199) (monograph); Nozaki & Nozaki (2013: 30) (distribution); Yano et al. (2013: 25) (distribution); Maehara (2014: 60) (distribution); Nakamura (2014: 358) (distribution); Yamada & Ishikawa (2016: 432) (checklist: Japan); Notsu & Watanabe (2020: 2) (distribution); Cho et al. (2020: 741) (checklist: Korea).

Monanthia salicorum: Takeya (1930: 67) (new combination); Takeya (1951: 22) (checklist: eastern Asia); Miyatake (1958: 15) (distribution); Hasegawa (1960: 45) (distribution).

Dictyla salicorum: Drake & Ruhoff (1960: 51) (new combination); Drake & Ruhoff (1965a: 195) (catalog); Tomokuni (1979: 137) (distribution).

Cysteochila salicorum: Lee (1967: 108) (new combination); Lee (1969: 195) (nymph, male genitalia); Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology (1980: 24) (pest); Miyamoto & Yasunaga (1989: 167) (checklist: Japan).

Specimens examined. Non-types (5 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ 1 terminalia missing), JAPAN: Honshu: Tochigi Pref., Utsunomiya City, Higashikinoshiro , 30.iv.2008, leg. S. Maehara (1 ♀, TUA) ; Nagano Pref., 26.v.1924, leg. Murata (1 ♂ 1 ♀, TUA) ; Nagano-ken, Shimotakai , vii.1930, collector unknown (1 ♂ 1 ♀ 1 terminalia missing, ELKU) ; as above but 8.viii.1930 (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, ELKU, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ KUM) ; Nagano-ken, Okaya-shi, Kohan , near Suwa Lake , 3603'29.0" N 13803 '54.5"E, 12.viii.2018, leg. J. Souma (1 ♂, TUA) .

Diagnosis. Recognized among other species of Physatocheila by a combination of the following characters: general color brown ( Figs. 8C , 9C , 10C , 11C ); median spine on head extending beyond bases of frontal spines; rostrum reaching posterior margin of abdominal sternite III; pubescence on pronotum less than 0.5 times as long as diameter of compound eye; lateral carinae of pronotum close to each other in anterior part, concealed by paranotum in anterior part; paranota incompletely covering pronotal disc in anterior part, not touching each other, not concealing median carina of pronotum, widened posteriorly, not bulged upward in posterior part, not forming a cyst; outer margin of paranotum gently curved outward in its entire length; costal area of hemelytron wider than subcostal area at widest part, less than 0.5 times as wide as discoidal area at widest part, with 2 rows of areolae in its entire length; and subcostal area subhorizontal, with 3 rows of areolae in its entire length.

Description of genitalia. Pygophore ( Figs. 10C , 17E ) compressed dorsoventrally, hexagonal in ventral view, strongly concave at anterior margin of dorsum, elevated at center of venter, smooth on surface, irregularly punctate in middle part of dorsum. Paramere ( Fig. 18E ) expanded in middle part, curved inward in apical part; outer and inner margins covered with pubescence in middle part. Female terminalia ( Fig. 11C ) pentagonal in ventral view, covered with pubescence.

Remarks. Overall, P. distinguenda closely resembles P. nigrintegerrima but can be distinguished from it by the following characteristics: general color brown ( Fig. 8C , 9C , 10C , 11C ); a pair of frontal spines on head reaching beyond tip of clypeus; median spine on head extending beyond bases of frontal spines; a pair of occipital spines on head reaching anterior margin of compound eyes; rostrum reaching posterior margin of abdominal sternite III; and costal area wider than subcostal area at widest part.

In Japan, this species is known as a pest of cultivated basket willow ( Baba 1925; Murata & Ikeda 1925; Murata 1928; Takeya 1930; Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology 1980, 2006; Yamada & Tomokuni 2012).

Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Shikoku), China, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia.

Host plant. In Japan and Eurasia, this species occurs on the following salicaceous plants: Populus sp. ( Kwon et al. 2001); Salix alba L. ( Putshkov 1974; Golub 1988b; Kwon et al. 2001); S. bebbiana Sarg. [= S. xerophila Flod. ] ( Putshkov 1974; Golub 1977a; Golub 1988b; Kwon et al. 2001); S. koriyanagi Kimura ex Goerz [= S. purpurea L.] ( Baba 1925; Takeya 1930, 1951; Hasegawa 1960; Golub 1988b; Kwon et al. 2001; Yamada & Tomokuni 2012); S. rosmarinifolia L. ( Golub 1977a, 1988b; Kwon et al. 2001); Salix sp. ( Golub 1977b; Kwon et al. 2001); and S. sieboldiana Blume ( Notsu & Watanabe 2020) .

Biology. In Japan, this species is univoltine and feeds on the branches of cultivated basket willow [= S. koriyanagi ]. Overwintering adults are found on the underside of fallen leaves. After hibernation, adults copulate from late May and then oviposit until mid-June. Nymphs hatch from early July and mature by late August ( Baba 1925; Murata 1928). Adults are observed in almost all seasons in Japan ( Baba 1925; Murata 1928; Takeya 1930; Miyatake 1958; Hasegawa 1960; Tomokuni 1979, 1994; Maehara 2010; Yamada & Tomokuni 2012; Nozaki & Nozaki 2013; Notsu & Watanabe 2020; present study).

Figures

FIGURE 8. Nine Physatocheila species from Japan. Dried specimens, dorsal view: P. chiniana comb. nov. (A); P. consueta comb. nov. (B); P. distinguenda (C); P. euthenia comb. nov. (D); P. fieberi from Japan proper (E); P. fieberi from the Ryukyu Islands (F); P. miyatakei (G); P. nigrintegerrima (H); P. orientis (I); P. veteris (J). Scale bar: 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 9. Rostra and sternal laminae of nine Physatocheila species from Japan, ventral view: P. chiniana comb. nov. (A); P. consueta comb. nov. (B); P. distinguenda (C); P. euthenia comb. nov. (D); P. fieberi (E); P. miyatakei (F); P. nigrintegerrima (G); P. orientis (H); P. veteris (I). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 10. Male terminalia of nine Physatocheila species from Japan, ventral view: P. chiniana comb. nov. (A); P. consueta comb. nov. (B); P. distinguenda (C); P. euthenia comb. nov. (D); P. fieberi (E); P. miyatakei (F); P. nigrintegerrima (G); P. orientis (H); P. veteris (I). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 11. Female terminalia of nine Physatocheila species from Japan, ventral view: P. chiniana comb. nov. (A); P. consueta comb. nov. (B); P. distinguenda (C); P. euthenia comb. nov. (D); P. fieberi (E); P. miyatakei (F); P. nigrintegerrima (G); P. orientis (H); P. veteris (I). Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 17. Pygophores of eleven species of Cysteochila and its close relatives from Japan, dorsal view: C. abundantis (A); Limnostatua lewisi comb. nov. (B); Physatocheila chiniana comb. nov. (C); P. consueta comb. nov. (D); P. distinguenda (E); P. euthenia comb. nov. (F); P. fieberi from Japan proper (G); P. fieberi from the Ryukyu Islands (H); P. miyatakei (I); P. nigrintegerrima (J); P. orientis (K); P. veteris (L). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 18. Parameres of eleven species of Cysteochila and its close relatives from Japan, dorsal view: C. abundantis (A); Limnostatua lewisi comb. nov. (B); Physatocheila chiniana comb. nov. (C); P. consueta comb. nov. (D); P. distinguenda (E); P. euthenia comb. nov. (F); P. fieberi from Japan proper (G); P. fieberi from the Ryukyu Islands (H); P. miyatakei (I); P. nigrintegerrima (J); P. orientis (K); P. veteris (L). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.