Acmanthera (A. Juss.) Griseb.

de Almeida, Rafael F., de Morais, Isa L., Alves-Silva, Thais, Antonio-Domingues, Higor & Pellegrini, Marco O. O., 2024, A new classification system and taxonomic synopsis for Malpighiaceae (Malpighiales, Rosids) based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, palynology, and chemistry, PhytoKeys 242, pp. 69-138 : 69-138

1.1. 1. Acmanthera (A. Juss.) Griseb. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 12 (1): 28. 1858.

Figs 4 H , 8 E, K , 10 R

≡ Pterandra sect. Acmanthera A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. , ser. 2, 13: 328. 1840.

Type species.

Acmanthera latifolia (A. Juss.) Griseb.

Notes.

Acmanthera currently comprises seven accepted species (four threatened species; Suppl. material 1) of trees, shrubs or subshrubs endemic to flooded forests of the Amazon rainforest, South America, and just a single species occurring within the Cerrado biome ( Almeida et al. 2020; POWO 2024). For an identification key for all species of Acmanthera , see Anderson (1980) or Almeida et al. (2020).

Figures

Figure 4. Leaf blades of Malpighiaceae A leaf with sagittate base of Stigmaphyllon ciliatum B leaf with rounded base of Banisteriopsis adenopoda C leaf with cordate base of Stigmaphyllon blanchetii D leaf with cuneate base of Banisteriopsis vernoniifolia E leaf with obtuse base of Stigmaphyllon paralias F leaf with truncate base of Stigmaphyllon gayanum G leaf with oblique base of Stigmaphyllon lanceolatum H leaf with attenuate base of Acmanthera minima I leaf with entire margin of Stigmaphyllon caatingicola J leaf with 3 - lobed margin of Stigmaphyllon caatingicola K leaf with 5 - lobed margin of Stigmaphyllon angustilobum L leaf with crenate margin of Stigmaphyllon crenatum M leaf with ciliate margin of Stigmaphyllon ciliatum N leaf with dentate margin of Stigmaphyllon vitifolium O leaf with plane blade margin of Banisteriopsis membranifolia P leaf with revolute blade margin of Verrucularina glaucophylla Q rounded leaf apex of Tetrapterys phlomoides R mucronate leaf apex of Banisteriopsis magdalenensis S emarginate leaf apex of Hiraea cuiabensis T cuspidate leaf apex of Banisteriopsis adenopoda U acuminate leaf apex of Mamedea harleyi V acute leaf apex of Banisteriopsis membranifolia (photographs A – D, F, G, I, L, O, P, T – V by R. F. Almeida; E, M by M. O. O. Pellegrini; H by F. Farronay, Q by G. A. Dettke, N by A. C. Dal Col, R by C. Baez, S by I. L. Morais).

Figure 8. Sepals, glands, and petals of Malpighiaceae flowers A sepals with rounded apex of Hiptage benghalensis and sessile sepal gland B sepals with acute apex of Christianella multiglandulosa and sessile sepal glands C sepals with acute apex of Byrsonima gardneriana and sessile sepal glands D stalked sepal glands of Heladena multiflora E white petals of Acmanthera latifolia F pale yellow glands of Bunchosia glandulifera G yellow glands of Mcvaughia sergipana H pale green glands of Bronwenia megaptera I green glands of Camarea axillaris J yellow and deflexed petals of Byrsonima sericea K white glands of Acmanthera parviflora L pink glands of Heteropterys rubiginosa M brown glands of Amorimia pellegrinii N red glands of Niedenzuella poeppigiana O yellow and patent petals of Ptilochaeta bahiensis P oval petal limb of Galphimia gracilis Q elliptic petal limb of Heteropterys oberdanii R obovate petal limb of Bronwenia megaptera S pubescent petal surface of Diplopterys bahiana T orange-red petals of Tetrapterys phlomoides U entire margin of the petal of Heteropterys oberdanii V erose margin of the petal of Bronwenia megaptera W fimbriate margin of the petal of Schwannia schwannioides X dentate margin of the petal of Peixotoa hispidula Y glandular-fimbriate margin of the petal of Alicia anisopetala Z lilac petals of Mascagnia lilacina (A, C, F – H, I, J, L – S, U – W by R. F. Almeida; B, N, T, Y by M. O. O. Pellegrini; D by A. Francener; E by R. Goldenberg; Z by O. J. A. Ayala).

Figure 10. Types of fleshy fruits, nuts, and smooth to setose schizocarpic fruits in Malpighiaceae A transversely sliced drupe of Bunchosia maritima showing seeds B transversely sliced nut of Dicella nucifera showing the seed C nuts of Dicella bracteosa D nuts of Dicella macroptera E green drupe of Byrsonima blanchetiana F cream-coloured drupe of Byrsonima ligustrifolia G green drupe of Byrsonima melanocarpa with concrescent sepals H orange drupe of Bunchosia glandulifera I orange drupe of Bunchosia maritima J red drupe of Malpighia glabra K reddish-orange drupe of Malpighia mexicana L green drupe of Malpighia fucata M green and twisted drupe of Mcvaughia sergipana N striated drupe of Burdachia prismatocarpa O smooth mericarp of Heladena multiflora P smooth mericarp of Galphimia gracilis Q smooth and immature mericarp of Verrucularina glaucophylla R green and smooth mericarps of Acmanthera latifolia S smooth mericarps of Thryallis longifolia with concrescent sepals T setose mericarps of Tricomaria usillo U setose mericarps of Lasiocarpus ferrugineus V setose mericarp of Camarea axillaris W setose mericarp of Echinopterys eglandulosa (photographs A, B by Amaury Jr.; C, D by A. Assis; E, H, I, M, Q, V by R. F. Almeida; F by S. E. Martins; G by N. Bigio; J by P. Acevedo-Rodriguez; K, L by M. R. Pace; N by L. S. B. Calazans; O by A. Francener; P by M. O. O. Pellegrini; R by R. Goldenberg; S by J. V. Santos; T by I. Specogna; U by A. Nuno; W by S. Carnaham).