Incisus Grishin, 2019

Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins & Warren, Andrew David, 2024, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical skipper genus Incisus Grishin, 2019 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae), with the description of a new species, Zootaxa 5437 (1), pp. 64-86 : 68-70

Incisus Grishin, 2019

Taxonomic catalogue

Incisus Grishin, 2019 , in Cong et al. Insecta Mundi 731: 11; type species: Antigonus incisus Mabille, 1878 .—Lemes et al., 2023. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 95(suppl. 2): 9.

Etymology. The name is a masculine noun in the nominative singular in reference to the type species ( Cong et al. 2019).

Type species. Antigonus incisus Mabille, 1878 , by original designation.

Diagnosis. Incisus Grishin, 2019 can be distinguished from other genera of Carcharodini by the following combination of characters: FW male with costal fold, hyaline apical spots, and inner margin concave. HW outer margin excavate. These two last wing character states are absent in most of the other genera of Carcharodini. Females usually have contrasting transverse lighter and darker bands on the VW. Male genitalia with uncus elongated and pointed lacking side processes; gnathos sclerotized and well-developed, ventrally fused; valva length twice of less its width; aedeagus with a spined cornutus (except for I. incisus ) ( Evans 1953; Cong et al. 2019).

Description. Head: Head and palpi brown with some golden scales dorsally. Palpus yellow cream ventrally, except the brown third segment. Antenna brown; nudum with 10 segments. Thorax: Brown with golden hairs dorsally and long, yellow-cream scales ventrally. Legs brown with some sparse golden scales. FW shape: Inner margin concave; outer margin rounded. DFW: Brown with lighter and darker transverse bands. Presence of a costal fold in males. Presence of two or three hyaline spots in the apical area. Presence or absence of one hyaline cell spot. Presence of some sparse cream-white scales. Fringe bicolored, with lighter and darker brown scales. VFW: Like DFW, but the lighter and darker transverse bands may be more visible. HW shape: Outer margin excavate. DHW: Brown with lighter and darker transverse bands. Presence of sparse cream-white scales and long, thin, brown long scales. Fringe as in DFW. VHW: Like DHW, but some individuals with lighter bands on the basal third more visible, with golden or cream-white scales more abundant near the marginal area. Abdomen: Brown dorsally, ventrally with some golden scales and thin yellow-cream hairs. Male genitalia: Tegumen longer than wide, convex proximally and distally ranging from slightly concave to straight at the insertion with the uncus; ventral arms very narrow and fused with dorsal arms of saccus, assuming that the boundaries between these structures are at the bent angle between them. Saccus triangular, broad, convex proximally, with similar length of the tegumen. Uncus general aspect variable, long, slightly bending down to the distal region. Gnathos developed, ventrally fused. Valva ranging from somewhat oval aspect in lateral view, or with distal portion concave; presence of variable distal processes on ampulla, bearing micotrichia, except on Incisus mineirus sp. nov.; costa imperceptible, assuming its fusion with ampulla. Aedeagus cylindrical, shorter than the length of valva; with or without a spined cornutus; ejaculatory bulb opening ovoid, dorsal; distal opening for vesica extending dorsally. Fultura superior absent. Fultura inferior present, thin. Female genitalia: Lamella antivaginalis as two lateral plates separated from each other by a membranous area and connected with the lateral margins of the lamella postvaginalis. Lamella postvaginalis semi-rounded, covered by setae and micotrichia, with a transverse depression in center. Ductus bursae membranous, with a signum on the first half near the sterigma, about three or four times the length of the sterigma; corpus bursae membranous and globular, about ¼ the length of the ductus bursae. Papilla analis semi-rounded, covered by setae; posterior apophysis straight and stout, about the same length of papilla analis.

Identification keys for species of Incisus

1. FW with a costal fold.............................................................................. Males

- FW without costal fold........................................................................... Females

Males

1. FW usually with two apical white spots (rarely three) ( Fig. 3I–J ). Aedeagus without a spined cornutus ( Fig. 4J )..... I. incisus

- FW with three apical white spots ( Fig. 3A–B, E–F, O–P ). Aedeagus with a spined cornutus ( Fig. 4B, F, N ).............. 2

2. Upper distal surface of ampulla with a concavity in lateral view ( Fig. 4M–N )....................... I. mineirus sp. nov.

- Upper distal surface of ampulla rounded in lateral view ( Fig. 4A–B, E–F, I–J )..................................... 3

3. Ampulla and harpe small and with a small semi–rounded process between them ( Fig. 4E–F ).................. I. fasciatus

- Ampulla and harpe large; ampulla triangular-shaped bending down over the harpe ( Fig. 4A–B )............... I. angulata

Females

1. Distal third of ductus bursae enlarged with a somewhat large rounded signum (Fig. 5D).............. I. mineirus sp. nov.

- Ductus bursae tubular with about the same thickness along its entire length; with small signum (Fig. 5A–C)............. 2

2. Lamella postvaginalis ovoid with two lateral processes on the upper margin resembling dog ears (Fig. 5B)...... I. fasciatus

- Lamella postvaginalis without two lateral processes on the upper margin ( Fig. 5A, C )............................... 3

3. Lamella postvaginalis convex on ventral center surface ( Fig. 5A )....................................... I. angulata

- Lamella postvaginalis not convex on ventral center surface ( Fig. 5C )...................................... I. incisus

Figures

FIGURE 3. Species of Incisus in dorsal and ventral views. A–D. I. angulata (Bell, 1937): (A–B) male (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Conceição dos Ouros, OM 83.262), (C–D) female (Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Resende, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, DZ 46.281). E–H. I. fasciatus (Hayward, 1933): (E–F) male [neotype of Staphylus ordinarius Hayward, 1933] (Argentina, Salta, Aguas Blancas, DZ 46.164), (G–H) female (Argentina, Jujuy, Calilegua, MGCL 1092134). I–N. Incisus incisus (Mabille, 1878): (I–J) male (Brazil, São Paulo, Campos do Jordão, DZ 46.504), (K–L) female (Brazil, Santa Catarina, São Bento do Sul, Rio Vermelho, DZ 46.454), (M–N) female (Brazil, Paraná, Foz do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, DZ 46.495). O–R. I. mineirus sp. nov.: (O–P) male holotype (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Corinto, DZ 46.940), (Q–R) female allotype (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Corinto, DZ 46.947). Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 4. Male genitalia of Incisus species in lateral, internal, dorsal and ventral views, respectively. A–D. Incisus angulata (Bell, 1937) (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Virgínia, Fazenda dos Campos, DZ 46.339). E–H. Incisus fasciatus (Hayward, 1933) (Brazil, Paraná, Guaíra, Parque Nacional de Sete Quedas, DZ 44.840). I–L. Incisus incisus (Mabille, 1878) (Brazil, Santa Catarina, Joinville, DZ 46.353). M–P. I. mineirus sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, São Francisco, DZ 46.559). Scale bar = 500 µm.

FIGURE 5. Female genitalia of Incisus species, in ventral view. A. Incisus angulata (Bell, 1937) (Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, DZ 42.282). B. Incisus fasciatus (Hayward, 1933) (Argentina, Jujuy, Calilegua, RT. 83— 7.5km W of Rt 34, MGCL 1092134). C. Incisus incisus (Mabille, 1878) (Brazil, Paraná, Fênix, DZ 46.474). D. Incisus mineirus sp. nov. (Brazil, Minas Gerais, Corinto, DZ 46.942). Scale bar = 1 mm.