Anchista fenestrata fenestrata ( Schmidt-Goebel , 1846)

Shi, Hongliang, Zhou, Hongzhang & Liang, Hongbin, 2013, Taxonomic synopsis of the subtribe Physoderina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini), with species revisions of eight genera, ZooKeys 284, pp. 1-129 : 24-26

Anchista fenestrata fenestrata ( Schmidt-Goebel, 1846) Habitus: Figs 5, 6 39, 40 male genitalia: Figs 71 96 female genitalia: Figs 114 129

Anchista fenestrata fenestrata Schmidt-Göbel 1846: 42 (original: Plochionus ; type locality: Birma; holotype deposited in MNPC); Chaudoir 1872: 168 (excluded from Plochionus ); Bates 1892: 424 ( Endynomena ); Andrewes 1923: 20 ( Anchista ); Andrewes 1930d: 23 ( Anchista , catalogue); Csiki 1932: 1456 ( Anchista , catalogue); Jedlička 1963: 449 ( Anchista ).

Anchista glabra Chaudoir 1877: 237 (type locality: Pondichéry; holotype deposited in MNHN); Andrewes 1930d: 23 ( Anchista ; catalogue); Csiki 1932: 1456 ( Anchista , catalogue). syn. n. [Synonym]

Anchista nepalensis Kirschenhofer 1994: 1005 (type locality: Ostnepal; holotype deposited in NHMW). syn. n.

Type examined.

Holotype of Plochionus fenestratus Schmidt-Göbel, monotypy (NMPC): male, body length = 7.7 mm, board mounted, "MUS. PRAGENSE / COLL. HELFER"; " Birma / Helfer."; "Typus! teste / Dr. J. Obenberger" [red label]; " fenestratus / Sch. g. /COL. HELFER"[Fig. 39]. Holotype of Anchista glabra Chaudoir, monotypy (MNHN): female, body length = 8.2 mm, pin mounted, "Ex Musaeo / Chaudoir" [red letter]; “TYPE” [red label]; "Museum Paris / 1952 / Coll. R. Oberthür”; " glabra Chaudoir / Coromandel / Pondichéry / Guerin " [box label but pinned under specimen]; "HOLOTYPE ♀/ Anchista glabra / Chaudoir, 1877 / Des. SHI H. L. 2011" [red label][Fig. 40].

Notes on types.

Plochionus fenestratus Schmidt-Göbel: One female was mentioned in the original description. In NMPC boxes of Schmidt-Göbel’s collection, we only found a male determined by him ( Fig. 39 ). This male is the holotype, and Schmidt-Göbel determined the sex erroneously. In the label or original description, no precise locality for this specimen was mentioned. From the record of Helfer’s expedition ( Reichardt 1880), it can be inferred that this specimen was collected by Helfer from Tenasserim in Burma (Myanmar).

Anchista glabra Chaudoir: Only one specimen was mentioned in the original description. Therefore the one in Chaudoir’s collection is the holotype ( Fig. 40 ).

Non-type material examined

(Total 25 specimens). India: 1 male and 1 female (MNHN), "S. India, Nedungadu, P. S. Nathan, 1936". 1 male (MNHN), "Ramnad, Hindonstan". 17 specimens (MNHN), "Chota Nagpore, Nowatoli, R. P. Cardon, XI-XII 1896"[Fig. 71]. 2 specimens (NHMB), "India: Orissa state, Similipal N. P. Lulung 21°56'N, 86°32'E, 25.v.-13.vi.1998, Karel & Simon Majer leg". Nepal: 2 males and 1 female (NHMB), "E-Nepal, Koshi, M. Brancucci"; "Simraghat, 500m, 13.VI.85"[Figs 5, 6, 114, 129].

Diagnosis.

Head and pronotum glabrous; pronotum widest at middle, lateral margins slightly angulate in middle; elytra distinctly bicolored; 3rd interval of elytra with three to five setigerous pores, 5th interval with two to four setigerous pores near base.

By the glabrous surface and number of setigerous pores on 3rd and 5th intervals, this species can be readily distinguished from most allied species, except Anchista nubila . Diagnosis between these two species is presented in the key.

Male genitalia characters show this species to be very similar to Anchista brunnea , but the latter has the apical lamella wider, internal sac without strongly scaled area near middle, and small sclerite near to the base. From the external characters, these two species can be readily distinguished by the different number of setigerous pores on 3rd and 5th intervals.

Description.

Body length 7.7-8.5 mm; dorsal side yellowish to reddish yellow, pronotum lateral explanate area paler; antennae yellowish brown to reddish brown, 1st antennomere slightly paler. Elytra with variable bicolored pattern: darker color brownish to black while the paler parts yellowish to reddish yellow; sometimes elytra mostly dark, but left lateral margin and outer part of apex paler, 2nd to 6th intervals with an elongate pale patch occupying basal three-fifths as in the holotype of Anchista glabra Chaudoir ( Fig. 40 ); or elytra mostly pale, with a small ovaloid or sub-diamondoid dark patch near apex as in some specimens from Nepal ( Fig. 6 ); but in most specimens, elytra with pattern between these two extremities ( Fig. 5 ). Ventral side yellowish to reddish yellow; femora yellow, tarsi and tibiae yellowish brown. Head glabrous, without microsculpture, vertex with a few fine punctures. Pronotum glabrous, cordiform, widest slightly before middle; ratio PW/PL 1.41 to 1.51; pronotal base briefly but distinctly lobed; disc moderately convex, microsculpture indistinct, without punctures; front angles with a few moderately long setae; lateral margins slightly angulate in middle, strongly sinuate before hind angles; lateral explanate area wide and even, with a few coarse punctures; hind angles sharp, rectangular or slightly acute, with a few very short accessory setae; basal foveae moderately deep, with a few punctures; median line distinct, strongly depressed and punctate anteriorly and subbasally. Elytra with striae shallow but distinct, finely punctate; intervals slightly convex, without accessory setae, finely and sparsely punctate; microsculpture distinct, isodiametric; 3rd interval with three to five setigerous pores, the basal one usually placed at basal one-third approximately, adjacent to 3rd stria or on middle of interval, the rest adjacent to 2nd stria; 5th interval with two to four setigerous pores, the basal one near interval base, the last one usually at middle, all pores usually in center of 5th interval or slightly adjacent to 5th stria; basal margination nearly complete. Male with adhesive hairs rudimentary (two rows, weakly present near apex) on first three mesotarsomeres. Male genitalia with median lobe of aedeagus straight and flat, slightly expanded to apex; left lateral margin slightly curved in middle; apical orifice opened dorsally, basal margin of apical orifice setose; apical lamella placed on right side, flat, slightly elongate and rounded in dorsal view, slightly curved up dorsally in lateral view; internal sac with a small strongly sclerotized sclerite near base, two weakly sclerotized elongate and sinuate sclerites near apical orifice, a small and strongly scaled area present near middle of median lobe, internal sac in basal half sparsely and finely setose ventrally ( Fig. 71 ). Female genitalia. Spermathecal gland inserted near apex of spermatheca, strongly expanded but not bent at base; spermatheca gradually expanded to apex, apex globular with a small papilla; ring-sculpture very faint, only present on subapical part of spermatheca ( Fig. 129 ). Apical segment of ovipositor scimitar-form, inner margin gradually curved; length nearly three times basal width; inner margin setose in apical half; apex rounded and slightly projected to outer side, with membranous extension slightly widened.

Distribution

( Map 3 ). India, Myanmar, Nepal.

Notes on synonym.

We dissected males from Nedungadu (close to type locality of Anchista glabra ), Chota Nagpore, Nepal Koshi (type locality of Anchista nepalensis ), and the holotype of Anchista fenestrata . There is no significant difference among these specimens from different localities, except for elytral pattern variation. We therefore herein synonymize Anchista glabra and Anchista nepalensis with Anchista fenestrata .

Geographical variation.

In this species, specimens from one locality may be obviously different in elytral pattern. Sometimes, intrapopulational variation ranges even wider than interpopulational. But statistically interpopulational pattern variation exists: individuals from south India usually with dark pattern occupying more area on elytra (e. g. in the holotype of Anchista glabra Chaudoir, Fig. 40 ) than those from north India; while some specimens from Nepal have the paler color occupying the largest area, with only a small dark patch near apex ( Fig. 6 ).

Figures

Map 3. Known distribution of genus Anchista: ◆ Anchista brunnea (Wiedemann) ★ Anchista nubila Andrewes ● Anchista pilosa sp. n. △ Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel) ▼ Anchista fenestrata subpubescens Chaudoir.

Figure 71. Median lobe of male genitalia, right-lateral, ventral, left-lateral, dorsal views of Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), a specimen from Chota Nagpore.

Figures 1 - 6. Habitus, scale bars = 2.0 mm: 1 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), a specimen from Yunnan 2 Paraphaea formosana (Jedlicka), a specimen from Taiwan 3 Paraphaea minor sp. n., a paratype from Hainan 4 Anchista brunnea (Wiedemann), a paralectotype of picea Chaudoir from India 5 Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), a specimen from Nepal 6 Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), a specimen from Nepal.

Figures 37 - 42. Type materials, scale bars = 2.0 mm: 37 Lectotype of Lebia brunnea Wiedemann [= Anchista brunnea (Wiedemann)] 38 Lectotype of Anchista picea Chaudoir [= Anchista brunnea (Wiedemann)] 39 Holotype of Plochionus fenestratus Schmidt-Goebel [= Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel)] 40 Holotype of Anchista glabra Chaudoir [= Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel)] 41 Lectotype of Anchista subpubescens Chaudoir [= Anchista fenestrata subpubescens Chaudoir] 42 Lectotype of Anchista nubila Andrewes.

Figures 95 - 110. Left and right parameres of male genitalia, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 95 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), a specimen from Guangxi 96 Paraphaea minor sp. n., holotype 97 Anchista brunnea (Wiedemann), a paralectotype of picea Chaudoir 98 Anchista pilosa sp. n., holotype 99 Metallanchista laticollis sp. n., holotype 100 Physodera amplicollis van de Poll, a specimen from Taiwan 101 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer), a specimen from Yunnan 102 Diamella arrowi (Jedlicka), holotype 103 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Tonkin 104 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Shaanxi 105 Allocota bicolor sp. n., holotype 106 Lachnoderma asperum Bates, a specimen from Taiwan 107 Dasiosoma ivorense Basilewsky, a paratype from Cote d'Ivoire 108 Dasiosoma quadraticolle sp. n., holotype 109 Orionella kathmanduensis (Kirschenhofer), a specimen from Nepal 110 Endynomena pradieri (Fairmaire), a specimen from Fujian.

Figures 111 - 125. Left ovipositors of females, ventral view, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 111 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), a specimen from Guangxi 112 Paraphaea minor sp. n., a paratype from Hainan 113 Paraphaea philippinensis (Jedlicka), holotype 114 Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), a specimen from Nepal 115 Physodera dejeani Eschscholtz, a specimen from Yunnan 116 Physodera eschscholtzii Parry, a specimen from Yunnan 117 Diamella cupreomicans (Oberthuer), a specimen from Yunnan 118 Allocota aurata (Bates), a specimen from Shaanxi 119 Allocota bicolor sp. n., a paratype from Guangdong 120 Lachnoderma asperum Bates, a specimen from Zhejiang 121 Dasiosoma bellum (Habu), a specimen from Guangdong 122 Dasiosoma maindroni (Tian & Deuve), a specimen from Tonkin 123 Dasiosoma quadraticolle sp. n., a paratype from Yunnan 124 Orionella lewisii (Bates), a specimen from Zhejiang 125 Endynomena pradieri (Fairmaire), a specimen from Taiwan.

Figures 126 - 131. Internal reproductive system of females, scale bars = 0.2 mm: 126 Paraphaea binotata (Dejean), a specimen from Guangxi 127 Paraphaea minor sp. n., a paratype from Hainan 128 Paraphaea philippinensis (Jedlicka), holotype 129 Anchista fenestrata fenestrata (Schmidt-Goebel), a specimen from Nepal 130 Physodera dejeani Eschscholtz, a specimen from Yunnan 131 Physodera eschscholtzii Parry, a specimen from Hainan.