Daviesia latifolia Brown (1811: 20)

Crisp, Michael D., Cayzer, Lindy, Chandler, Gregory T. & Cook, Lyn G., 2017, A monograph of Daviesia (Mirbelieae, Faboideae, Fabaceae), Phytotaxa 300 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

51. Daviesia latifolia Brown (1811: 20) , Bentham (1864: 76), Stanley & Ross (1983: 253), Crisp (1991a: 286), Jeanes (1996: 756), Crisp (2002: 525). Type: ‘Nat. of Van Diemen’s Island. Robert Brown, Esq. Introd. 1805.’ Lectotype ( Crisp 1991a: 286): In campis prope Western Arm, Port Dalrymple, R. Brown , 6.i.1804 ( BM —sheet annotated ‘ Kew Negative No. 16308’) ; isolectotype: K (on a sheet with the ‘ Derwent’ syntype) . Syntype: Derwent, Van Diemen’s Land, R. Brown ( BM, CANB, K —on a sheet with the ‘ Port Dalrymple’ syntype, NSW) . Syntype: Van Diemens Land, without precise locality, R. Brown ( BRI 216625–6 , DBN, E, K —’ Negative No. Kew 920’, MEL. A specimen at DBN, cult. from Kew , ex Herb. Dr. W. R. McNab, annotated by MDC as ‘?syntype’, is not part of the type material

Daviesia latifolia R.Br. var. lanceolata Regel (1857: 157) . Holotype: ex horto bot. Petropolitano, v.s. Regel, 56.4 (LE).

Slender, usually multi-stemmed, open shrubs, 1–3 m high, rarely to 5 m, glabrous, glaucous. Root anatomy normal (unistelar). Branchlets ± arching, lax, angular. Phyllodes scattered, ascending to spreading, broadly to narrowly elliptic or ovate, rarely linear, apically rounded to long-acute, acuminate, crenate, usually strongly undulate, contracted (usually abruptly) to a narrow petiole-like articulate base 3–20 mm long, 20–150 × 5–70 mm, coriaceous with prominently reticulate venation. Juvenile phyllodes resembling those of adults, proportionally a little broader. Unit inflorescences 1 or 2 (3) per axil, racemose, with numerous evenly spaced flowers; peduncle 5– 25 mm long; rachis 20–70(–130) mm long; barren basal bracts imbricate; subtending bracts widely spreading to reclinate, ovate or elliptic, tending to spathulate, sometimes broad, with strongly incurved margins, stipitate, 2–4 mm long. Pedicels 1.5–4 mm long. Calyx 3.5–5 mm long including the 1–1.5 mm receptacle; upper 2 lobes united into a truncate to obtuse, entire or scarcely emarginate lip, 0.75–1.25 mm long; lower 3 lobes shallowly triangular, often tinged with purple at the apices, 0.5–1 mm long. Corolla : standard very broadly ovate to depressed-ovate, emarginate, ± cordate at the base, 6–9 × 7–9.5 mm including the 1.25–2.5 mm claw, orange-yellow with dark brownish red or maroon infusion towards the centre and a central intensely yellow bilobed marking; wings obovate, rounded and incurved at the apex, auriculate, 5.5–8 × 2.5–3 mm including the 1.5–2.5 mm claw, maroon grading to yellow distally; keel half very broadly ovate to depressed-ovate, acute, auriculate, saccate, 4.5–5.5 × 2–2.5 mm including the 1.5–2 mm claw, maroon. Stamens strongly dimorphic: inner whorl of 5 with longer, terete to slightly compressed filaments and round, versatile anthers with confluent thecae; outer whorl of 5 with shorter, strongly compressed filaments and compressed ovoid, basifixed, 2-celled anthers; filaments free. Pod obliquely shallowly obtriangular to very broadly obtriangular, acute to scarcely obtuse, strongly compressed, 6.5–11 × 4–7 mm, red-brown; upper suture sigmoid; lower suture acute. Seed compressed ellipsoid, 2.5–3.7 mm long, 1.6–2.2 mm broad, 0.8–1.4 mm thick, red-brown with heavy black mottling, sometimes all black; aril obloid, thickly lobed, 1.1–2.1 mm long. ( Fig. 51A–K ).

Chromosome number:— n = 9, 2n = 18 ( Sands 1975).

Common name:— Hop Bitter-pea.

Flowering period:— September to December. Fruiting period: November to February.

Distribution:— From far southern Queensland’s granite belt, southward through the tablelands and western slopes of New South Wales to Tasmania and west through Victoria as far as Portland.

A MONOGRAPH OF DAVIESIA

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CRISP ET AL.

Habitat:— Grows in dry sclerophyll communities, mostly dominated by eucalypts, frequently as the dominant understorey shrub, on a wide range of soils. The species has a large elevational range, from 0–1800 m.

Selected specimens (491 examined):— QUEENSLAND. Darling Downs: Eukey, Stanthorpe, 28°46’S, 151°58’E, M. S . Clemens s.n., November 1944 ( BRI 214790 ); 5 km NNE of Wallangarra , 28°53’S, 151°58’E, M . D. Crisp 7331, 28 September 1984 ( CBG, MO, NSW) . NEW SOUTH WALES. Northern Tablelands : Tingha, 29°58’S, 151°13’E, R. H . Cambage 920, 16 October 1903 ( NSW); Tenterfield , 29°03’S, 152°01’E, C. F . Laseron s.n., November 1909 ( CBG 9001468 , NSW). Central-west Slopes: Coonabarabran , roadside, 31°16’S, 149°17’E, J . Lamont 249, September 1883 ( BM); Mudgee, toward Cassilis , 32°08’S, 149°19’E, M. E . Phillips 314, 19 September 1972 ( A, CBG). Central Tablelands: 4 km SW of the Kandos Weir , 32°51’S, 150°14’E, M . D. Crisp 1295, 5 October 1975 ( BRI, CBG, PERTH); Mt Canobolas path, 33°08’S, 150°13’E, J . Carrick 3204, 22 October 1972 ( AD, CANB, NSW); 3 km NW of Fitzroy Falls , 34°38’S, 150°28’E, M . D. Crisp 6785, 14 October 1980 ( CBG, US); ibid., M . D. Crisp 6786, 14 October 1980 ( BM, CBG); 6.4 km S of Blayney , 33°35’S, 149°15’E, M . Tindale s.n., 31 October 1963 ( NSW 137137 ). Southern Tablelands : Yarrangobilly, 35°37’S, 148°28’E, E . Gauba s.n., 15 January 1950 ( CANB 2588 ); towards Burrinjuck, E . Gauba s.n., 7 May 1950 ( CANB 2701 ); near Geehi, 36°23’S, 148°11’E, * C. H . Gittins 638, January 1963 ( NSW). South-west Slopes: Carabost State Forest , 35°40’S, 147°40’E, T. B . Muir 4594, 24 October 1967 ( MEL) . VICTORIA. Eastern Highlands : E slopes of Mt Stirling, 37°08’S, 146°31’E, * M. G . Corrick 8000, 31 January 1982 ( CANB, MEL); 3 km from Mirimbah , 37°07’S, 146°25’E, * M . D. Crisp 7599–7602, 7 November 1984 ( CBG); ibid., * M . D. Crisp 7603, 7 November 1984 ( CBG, MEL, NSW); 5.5 km ESE of Mt Howitt , 37°12’S, 146°42’E, * M . D. Crisp 8329, 30 November 1989 ( BRI, CBG, MEL, NSW); ibid., * M . D. Crisp 8330, 30 November 1989 ( AD, CBG, HO, MEL); Mt Samaria State Park , 36°52’S, 146°04’E, A .D.J. Piesse 521, 12 November 1986 ( MEL); 4.5 km ESE of Mt Howitt , 37°11’S, 146°12’E, * M . D. Crisp 8331–2, 30 November 1989 ( CBG, MEL); 6 km SSE of Longwood , 36°51’S, 145°27’E, M . D. Crisp 8339, 3 December 1989 ( CBG); Templestowe , 37°46’S, 145°08’E, E . Fullarton s.n., October 1979 ( MEL 564753 ) .

Western Plains: Gorae West, near Portland, 38°15’S, 141°30’E, R . Melville 1679, 16 October 1952 ( AD, MEL, PERTH). Gippsland : 36 km ENE of Orbost, 37°39’S, 148°51’E, M . D. Crisp 7636, 9 November 1984 ( AD, CBG, MEL, NSW); ibid., M . D. Crisp 7637, 9 November 1984 ( CBG, MEL, NSW); Lake Reeve Lakelet , 38°09’S, 147°28’E, A. C . Beauglehole 62805, 19 December 1978 ( CANB, MEL). TASMANIA. Harford , 41°14’S, 146°33’E, H. J . Hamilton 131, 23 October 1932 ( HO); Tyenna River, near Westaway , 42°43’S, 146°41’E, M. E . Phillips 994, 3 December 1965 ( CBG 31450 ) .

* montane form. See below for explanation.

Affinity:— Within eastern Australia, D. latifolia is closely related to D. corymbosa , D. laevis and D. laxiflora . The corymbose unit inflorescence of D. corymbosa distinguishes it from the other three species, which have racemes with evenly spaced flowers. Daviesia laevis has bracts similar to those in D. latifolia , but differs in having phyllodes with entire margins and obscure tertiary venation, and shorter unit inflorescences (rachis usually 10–30 mm long). In D. laxiflora , the inflorescence is longer, like that of D. latifolia , but the bracts are subulate, appressed to the pedicels and less than 2 mm long. Its flowers are strongly fragrant, by contrast with those of D. corymbosa , D. laevis and D. latifolia . In Western Australia, species of the D. cordata species group are similar to D. latifolia but may be distinguished by the accrescent involucral bracts in the unit inflorescence.

Montane form:— In montane forests of eastern Victoria and the Snowy Mountains, New South Wales, especially the zones at elevations of 800–1800 m, dominated by Eucalyptus delegatensis Baker (1900: 305) and E. dalrympleana Maiden (1920: 137)) , there occurs a form of D. latifolia with narrowly elliptic phyllodes up to 140 mm long. These plants are often larger than usual for the species, sometimes arborescent and up to 5 m tall. The flowers also are large, for example the standard is 8–9 mm broad (Crisp 7599 and 8331), compared with widths as low as 6–7 mm in plants sampled at lower elevations (Crisp 1295, 6786 and 8332). These plants appear to form a cline with the more typical form at lower elevations (e.g. compare Crisp 8329–8331 with 8332). The montane form has been confused with D. laxiflora , which occurs in the same habitat but never sympatrically; in fact, D. laxiflora replaces the montane form of D. latifolia more or less west of the Snowy Range in Victoria (it has a disjunct occurrence to the east, around Mt Delusion). While similar in habit and leaf shape, D. laxiflora may be readily distinguished from the montane form of D. latifolia by its bracts (above) and perfume. Note that narrowly elliptic leaves occur sporadically throughout the range of D. latifolia , e.g. Beauglehole 62805, Cambage 920, Crisp 7331, Gauba s.n. (CBG 2701) ( Fig. 51C ) and Phillips 314. Large flowers also occur in non-montane populations.

Hybrids:— Daviesia buxifolia × D. latifolia , D. corymbosa × D. latifolia , D. elliptica × D. latifolia , D. elliptica × D. latifolia × D. mimosoides , D. latifolia × D. leptophylla ( Fig. 51L ), D. latifolia × D. mimosoides .

A MONOGRAPH OF DAVIESIA

Figures

FIGURE 51. Daviesia latifolia. A. Flowering branchlet. B, C. Phyllode variation. D. Inflorescence. E. Flowers with subtending bracts. F. Calyx opened our, upper lip at left, with pedicel and subtending bract. G. Standard. H. Wings. I. Keel. J. Same, opened out. K. Pod. Daviesia latifolia × leptophylla. L. Phyllode with inflorescence. A from Crisp 6785; B from Fullarton s.n. (MEL 564753); C from Gauba s.n. (CBG 2701); D from Crisp 6786; E–J from Crisp 7599; K from Gauba s.n. (CBG 2588); L from Fullarton s.n. (MEL 564756). Drawn by A. Prowse and D. Fortescue. Adapted from Crisp (1991a) with permission from CSIRO Publishing.