Antarctotetilla leptoderma ( Sollas, 1886 )

Carella, Mirco & Uriz, Maria J., 2018, Description of two new genera (Antarctotetilla, Levantiniella) and a new species of Tetillidae, Zootaxa 4455 (2), pp. 295-321 : 304-305

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4455.2.3

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B8FBCB01-CA87-4761-A9F9-2D90AB9EF597

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5988727

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A005C267-4113-BA36-FF68-C16348E0497B

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Antarctotetilla leptoderma ( Sollas, 1886 )
status

 

Antarctotetilla leptoderma ( Sollas, 1886) View in CoL

Synonymy: Tetilla leptoderma Sollas, 1886 ; Tethya stylifera Lendenfeld, 1907 ; Tetilla grandis Sollas, 1886 ; Tetilla grandis var. alba Sollas, 1886 .

Material examined: holotype of Tetilla leptoderma NHM 89.1.1.3 Sollas, 1886, Rio de la Plata, Argentine ; Antarctotetilla leptoderma , CEAB.POR.BIO.500a ANT 27112, Newmayer, Antarctic coasts, -70° 51.52‘S, 10° 36.72‘W, 236–285 m depth, 0 1 April 2011; CEAB.POR.BIO.500e ANT 27107,Newmayer, Antarctic coasts, -70° 56.05‘S, 10° 30.05‘W, 211–243 m depth, 25 March 2011 and CEAB.POR.BIO.500c ANT 27109, Newmayer, Antarctic coasts, - 70° 47.54‘S, 10° 29.56‘W, 272–288 m depth, 28 March 2011; Antarctotetilla leptoderma , CEAB. POR. BIO.500d ANT 27108, South Orkneys , Subantarctic region, GoogleMaps - 61° 8.59‘S, 43° 58.37‘W, 346–397 m depth, 19 February 2011; Antarctotetilla leptoderma , CEAB. POR. BIO.500b ANT 27111, South Georgia, Subantarctic region , GoogleMaps -54° 26.12‘S, -35° 41.54‘W, 265–266 m depth, 16 February 2011.

GenBank accession numbers ( Carella et al. 2016): CEAB.POR.BIO.500a ANT 27112 ( KT124319 View Materials , KT124343 View Materials , KT124329 View Materials and KT124365 View Materials ), CEAB.POR.BIO.500e ANT 27107 ( KT124351 View Materials and KT124358 View Materials ), CEAB.POR.BIO.500c ANT 27109 ( KT124354 View Materials ), CEAB.POR.BIO.500d ANT 27108 ( KT124323 View Materials and KT124347 View Materials ) andCEAB.POR.BIO.500b ANT 27111 ( KT124318 View Materials , KT124341 View Materials , KT124328 View Materials and KT124362 View Materials ).

Description ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ). Sub-spherical or ovoid sponges with a variable size between 4 and 8 cm in diameter ( Fig. 4a View FIGURE 4 ). Large individuals compact; young individuals softer and more compressible. Surface conulose and corrugate, smooth to touch. Only one large oscule placed on top. Pores grouped in small depressions scattered over the entire surface ( Fig. 4c View FIGURE 4 ), but mostly concentrated at the equatorial zone and between the grooves formed by the conical elevations. Color dirty white or brown in living specimens, greenish in alcohol. Not a real cortex but a pseudocortex ( Fig. 4d–e View FIGURE 4 ), which consists of a loosely arranged auxiliary oxeas perpendicular to the surface. Root tufts composed of anatriaenes are used as anchors to fix the sponge to the substrate.

Spicules ( Fig 5 View FIGURE 5 ; Table1). Megascleres: oxeas I ( Fig. 5a View FIGURE 5 ) large and fusiform: 5800–7045–8400 µm x 60 –71–85 µm. Auxiliary small oxeas II ( Fig. 5b View FIGURE 5 ): 510– 1075–1600 µm x 7.5–17.6–35 µm. Anatriaenes I ( Fig. 5f View FIGURE 5 ): 2800– 6995.8–11380 µm x 15–22 –27.5 µm in size (rhabdomes thickness measured at the base of clades) with long and thin clades: 120–186.2–280 µm; rhabdomes fusiform, thicker at the middle and filiform at the terminal part. Anatriaenes II: 2000–3510–7450 µm x 8.7–14.8–20 µm in size ( Fig. 5e View FIGURE 5 ) with short clades: 35–57.9–90 µm and fusiform rhabdomes. Protriaenes I ( Fig. 5d View FIGURE 5 ): 2580–6301.4–11800 µm x 12.5–21.5–37.5 µm, with clades of 60– 158–270 µm long, usually one clade longer than the other two; rhabdomes tapering from the base of the clades to end in a filamentous termination. Protriaenes II ( Fig. 5c View FIGURE 5 ): 1600–2752.5–5780 µm x 5–10 –12.5 µm, with clades: 25–106.2–190 µm in length, usually one clade longer than the other two; rhabdomes tapering to a filiform end. Trichodal protriaenes ( Fig. 5g –h View FIGURE 5 ) very small with filamentous rhabdomes: 420–750.6–1235 µm x 2.5–4.3–5 µm long and thin, 10–34.2–105 µm long clades. Microscleres: sigmaspires ( Fig. 5i View FIGURE 5 ): 10–14.7–22.5 µm in length.

Skeletal arrangement. Choanosomal skeleton made of bundles of oxeas with protriaenes and anatriaenes spirally arranged from the central part to the sponge periphery. Only oxeas and protriaenes protrude three mm the surface forming the spicular tufts of the conical elevations ( Fig. 4b View FIGURE 4 ). Auxiliary oxeas arranged in palisade at the sponge periphery and scattered in the choanosomal zone. Trichodal protriaenes scattered at the peripheral zone, mostly concentrated around pore and oscule areas. Sigmaspires present throughout the sponge.

Distribution and habitat. Antarctic coasts (Newmayer), Subantarctic ( South Georgia and South Orkneys), Argentina (off Rio de la Plata—Sollas 1886—Malvinas—Sarà et al. 1992), Kerguelen ( Lendenfeld 1907), Chile ( Desqueyroux-Faúndez 1989), South Shetland Islands ( Ríos et al. 2004), New Zealand ( Szitenberg et al. 2013). The specimens live in sediment and rocky substrates from 45 meters to more than 600 meters of depth.

Remarks. Antarctotetilla leptoderma has been repeatedly put in synonymy with A. grandis ( Burton 1929; Boury-Esnault & Van Beveren 1982). However both species clearly differ in several morphological characters. The main morphological differences between both species are the globular body shape, the smooth surface, and the numerous small oscules situated on short conical elevations in A. grandis versus an elongate ovoid shape, the surface small protrusions, and a single large oscule in A. leptoderma .

NHM

University of Nottingham

POR

Universit� degli Studi di Napoli Federico II

BIO

University of the Basque Country

ANT

Anguilla National Trust

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