Lycomedes enigmaticus Neita-Moreno and Ratcliffe

Neita-Moreno, Jhon C. & Ratcliffe, Brett C., 2019, The Genera of Agaocephalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) of Colombia, with Description of a New Species of Lycomedes Brême, The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (4), pp. 1049-1063 : 1051-1063

Lycomedes enigmaticus Neita-Moreno and Ratcliffe , new species

Zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B239AAC3-D894-4237-8BC0-BBAC1F9C344E ( Figs. 6E , 8A–C , 9B, D, F , 10E–F )

Type Material. Holotype and allotype labeled " Colombia, Tolima, Anzoátegui. Vda. Esmeralda. Finca Tabio. 4°37´14.34´´N; 75°07´18.66´´W. 2406 m. 01.i.2000. A. Osorio ". The types are deposited at the Museo Laboratorio de Entomolog´ıa , Universidad del Tolima, Colombia .

Description. Holotype. Male ( Fig. 8A, C ). Length = 29.0 mm; width across humeri = 14.1 mm. Color grayish brown and tan, finely velutinous, with clypeus and part of horns piceous. Head: Frons with short, erect, slightly recurving horn; apex strongly bifurcate; horn subtriangular in cross-section, apex strongly bifurcate. Ocular canthus acute on apico-lateral corner. Clypeal apex blunt, continuous with anterior face of horn. Interocular width equals 3.0 transverse eyes diameters. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club slightly shorter than antennomeres 2–7. Mandibles strongly bidentate, mostly hidden beneath fringe of setae below apex of clypeus. Pronotum: Center of disc with short, erect horn; apex not dilated. Surface with minute, pale, moderately dense, setigerous punctures. Lateral margins widest behind middle. Base with complete marginal bead. Elytra: Surface with moderately dense, small, setigerous punctures (most in rows) on velutinous covering; setae minute, pale. Sides explanate, apical umbones prominent ( Fig. 8C ). Pygidium: Surface with short, dense, pale setae. Surface convex in lateral view. Legs: Protibia tridentate, basal tooth removed from others. Protarsus enlarged, median claw smooth, without tooth. Apex of metatibia truncate with strong, median angle with single, small spinule. Apex of metatarsomere 1 spiniform, extending to middle of metatarsomere 2 ( Fig. 8C ). Venter: Prosternal process parabolic, apex with long, tawny setae ( Figs. 6E , 9F ). Parameres: As in Fig. 10E–F .

Allotype. Female ( Fig. 8B ). Length 26.0 = mm; width across humeri = 13.0 mm. As male except in the following respects. Head: Horn absent. Frons and clypeus slightly concave; surface with large, often confluent punctures. Lateral edge of clypeus at anterior edge of ocular canthus sharply elevated into laminate, triangular ridge. Clypeus attenuate, apex narrow (subequal to width of eye), emarginate, with distinct tooth either side of emargination, reflexed ( Fig. 8B ). Mandibles more exposed. Pronotum: Horn absent. Surface reddish brown, covered by large, dense, round, velutinous punctures; punctures often confluent and with a minute, pale seta at center of each. Anterior margin at middle tumescent. Pygidium: Surface nearly flat in lateral view. Legs: Protarsus not enlarged, claws subequal in size, not toothed. Median angle at apex of metatibia pronounced, with 2 small spinules.

Etymology. The specific epithet enigmaticus is used here in reference to the rarity of this new species as well as its morphological similarity with Lycomedes hirtipes Arrow. The name is masculine to match the gender of the genus, which was named after a mythological king of Troy.

Distribution. Lycomedes enigmaticus is known from Tolima in Colombia ( Fig. 12 ).

Diagnosis. Lycomedes enigmaticus is similar to L. hirtipes , but L. enigmaticus is distinguished by

the following character combination: male with each side of clypeal apex projecting slightly laterad ( Fig. 9D ); frons with elongate groove behind horn (groove subtriangular in L. hirtipes ( Fig. 9C ) or a narrow line as in Lycomedes reichei Brême ( Fig. 11A, C )); anterior pronotal margin with a small keel (Fig. Gordon in 1976 (15 specimens, CTNI-13240. Boyacá, Villa de Leyva, Centro del pueblo, Captyura Manual , 5° 37 ʹ 56.55 ʹʹ N, 73° 31 ʹ 24.08 ʹʹ W, 2,150 m, 28.xi.2017, J. C. Neita leg. (2 females, IAvH-E-215590 and IAvH-E-215591). Santander, La belleza/ Alrede, Casco Urbano / Junio 2004, 2,204 msnm/ Cols. Estudiantes G-8vo/ Colegio Juan Bosco, / ICN 024097 / Lycomedes reichei Brême 1844 . Det. J. C. Neita. 2007 (1 specimen).

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ADULT MALE LYCOMEDES OF COLOMBIA (Modified from Pardo-Locarno et al. 2015)

9B) (keel absent in L. hirtipes and L. reichei ( Fig. 9A )); and apex of prosternal process slightly parabolic ( Figs. 6E , 9F ) (rounded in L. hirtipes ( Figs. 6F , 9E )). The female is similar to other species of Lycomedes , but the prosternal process is similar to the male and different from the processes of L. hirtipes and L. reichei . Lastly, the form of the parameres is unique ( Fig. 10E–F , with the apices lacking setae (compare with L. hirtipes ( Fig. 10C–D ) and L. reichei ( Fig. 10A–B )).

Lycomedes reichei Brême, 1844 ( Figs. 7A , 10A–B , 11A–E )

Lycomedes reichei Brême 1844: 299 (original combination)

Lycomedes lydiae Arnaud 2012: 2 . New synonymy. Specimens (n = 17) of L. reichei ( Fig. 11A–D ) from Colombian collections were studied by the first author, and we conclude that L. lydiae is conspecific. The parameres of both taxa are similar (compare Fig. 11E vs. Fig. 11F ). The two "species" are sympatric, and we believe that L. lydiae is simply a variation of the population of L. reichei .

Colombian Distribution. Boyacá, Togu´ı, En: Pseudotallo de plátano ( Musa sp. - Musaceae ), 28.ii.1976, R. Vespara, det. as Spodistes sp. by R. 1. Cephalic horn trifurcate at apex and with additional tall, erect, bifurcate horn at base. Pronotal horn short, erect. Cundinamarca .... ................................. L. ramosus Arrow

1 ʹ. Cephalic horn bifurcate at ápex ............... 2

2. Cephalic horn longitudinally furrowed on dorsal edge, each side of furrow keel-like .... ......................................................... 3

2 ʹ. Cephalic horn lacking furrow on dorsal edge .................................................. 4

3. Anterior pronotal margin with a small keel. Tolima ........... L. enigmaticus Neita-Moreno and Ratcliffe , new species

3 ʹ. Anterior pronotal margin without a keel. Boyacá, Caldas, Cauca, Huila, Tolima, Huila, Valle ........................... L. hirtipes Arrow

4. Frons with central longitudinal furrow narrow, shallow. Boyacá and Santander ................. ................................... L. reichei Brême

4 ʹ. Frons lacking central furrow, instead with a rounded dilation ................................... 5

5. Pronotum completely covered with large, irregular punctures, some coalescent. Cephalic horn at base expanded laterally on each side into subtriangular projection. Santander ...................... ......................... L. salazari Pardo-Locarno, Villalobos-Moreno, and Stechauner

5 ʹ. Pronotum with small, sparse punctures. Cephalic horn at base lacking subtriangular projection. Antioquia ........... L. burmeisteri Waterhouse

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ADULT FEMALE LYCOMEDES OF COLOMBIA (Modified from Pardo-Locarno et al. 2015) (Females of L. ramosus Arrow are unknown or unavailable.)

1. Clypeus short, width at base of ocular canthi nearly twice as wide as long, apex slightly narrowed .... ............................ L. salazari Pardo-Locarno, Villalobos-Moreno, and Stechauner

1 ʹ. Clypeus long, narrower at base, markedly narrowed towards apex .......................... 2

2. Head broadly, shallowly depressed along middle ............................................... 3

2 ʹ. Head not depressed along middle .............. ...................... L. burmeisteri Waterhouse

3. Pygidium strongly protuberant at middle and strongly concave on apical half ( Fig. 7A ) .... ................................... L. reichei Brême

3 ʹ. Pygidium convex at middle, not strongly protuberant, apical third concave ( Fig. 7B ) ........... 4

4. Clypeal apex broad. Prosternal process short ( Fig. 6E ) .............. L. enigmaticus Neita-Moreno and Ratcliffe , new species

4 ʹ. Clypeal apex narrow. Prosternal process moderately long ( Fig. 6F ) ........................ .................................. L. hirtipes Arrow

Figures

Fig. 6. Prosternal processes. A) Brachysiderus quadrimaculatus, B–C) Mitracephala humboldtii (arrows point to developed processes), D) Spodistes grandis, E) Lycomedes enigmaticus F) L. hirtipes.

Fig. 8. Lycomedes enigmaticus. A) Male, dorsal view, B) Female, dorsal view, C) Male, lateral view.

Fig. 9. Lycomedes species. L. hirtipes: A) Head and pronotum, lateral view, C) Head showing subtriangular fovea, E) Prosternal process (arrow). L. enigmaticus: B) Head and pronotum, lateral view, D) Head showing elongate fovea, F) Prosternal process (arrow).

Fig. 10. Lycomedes species, parameres. A–B) L. reichei, C–D) L. hirtipes, E–F) L. enigmaticus.

Fig. 12. Location of the type locality of Lycomedes enigmaticus in Colombia.

Fig. 11. Lycomedes reichei: A–B) Male minor, dorsal and lateral views, respectively, C–D) Male major, dorsal and lateral views, E) parameres. F) Lycomedes lydiae, parameres.

Fig. 7. Pygidia: A) Lycomedes reichei, female, dorsolateral view, B) Lycomedes hirtipes, female, dorsolateral view. Metepisterna: C) Lycomedes reichei, D) Horridocalia delislei, E) L. hirtipes.