Aglaophenia dubia Nutting, 1900

Calder, Dale R., 2019, On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the southwest coast of Florida, USA, Zootaxa 4689 (1), pp. 1-141 : 91-92

Aglaophenia dubia Nutting, 1900

Fig. 22a

Aglaophenia gracilis Allman, 1877: 42 , pl. 25, figs. 1–4.— Clarke, 1879: 248 [invalid junior primary homonym of Aglaophenia gracilis Lamouroux, 1816]. Aglaophenia dubia Nutting, 1900: 92 , pl. 18, fig. 5 [replacement name for Aglaophenia gracilis Allman, 1877 ]. Aglaophenia flowersi Nutting, 1900: 93 , pl. 19, figs. 1, 2. Aglaophenia (?) allmani .— Leloup, 1935a: 57 [part] [not Aglaophenia allmani Nutting, 1900 ]. Aglaophenia elongata .— Leloup, 1937: 112.— Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen, 1965: 79, fig. 44.— Bogle, 1975: 101, figs. 7A–C.

[not Aglaophenia elongata Meneghini, 1845 ].

Type locality. USA: Florida, off Carysfort Reef , 52 ftm (95 m) ( Allman 1877: 43, as Aglaophenia gracilis ) .

Material examined. Southwest Florida Shelf, middle shelf west of North Naples, 26°17’00”N, 83°24’00”W, 55 m, 05 November 1980, one colony, 16.5 cm high, without corbulae, coll. Continental Shelf Associates, ROMIZ B2147.

Remarks. As apparent from the synonymy list above, several binomena have been applied to this species in southwest Florida (and elsewhere in the western North Atlantic). Allman (1877) first described it, as Aglaophenia gracilis , from specimens collected off Carysfort Reef, Straits of Florida. That name, a junior primary homonym of Aglaophenia gracilis Lamouroux, 1816 , has been supplanted by the replacement name A. dubia Nutting, 1900 . Aglaophenia flowersi Nutting, 1900 , from the Sand Key area, Straits of Florida, is taken to be conspecific with it. Of the two simultaneous synonyms, precedence has been assigned to A. dubia under the First Reviser Principle in nomenclature (Calder 1997). Meanwhile, this species has also frequently been assigned to A. elongata Meneghini, 1845 (type locality, from a neotype: SW of Banjole Island, Rovinj, Croatia). Based on morphological differences noted in hydroids of A. dubia and A. elongata (Calder 1997) , however, the two are considered distinct here. Indeed, A. elongata is thought to be limited in distribution to the Mediterranean Sea ( Svoboda & Cornelius 1991; Gravili et al. 2015). Finally, part of the hydroid material identified as Aglaophenia (?) allmani by Leloup (1935a), specifically a colony fragment in collection No. 71, Sta. 210 from the Dry Tortugas, was found by Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen (1965: 79) to have been based on “ A. elongata ” (actually A. dubia ).

Aglaophenia dubia , typically a species of shelf waters, is discussed in greater detail elsewhere (Calder 1997, 2013).

Reported distribution. Gulf coast of Florida. Off Carysfort Reef, 52 ftm (95 m) ( Allman 1877: 43, as Aglaophenia gracilis ).—Southwest Florida Shelf, W of the Dry Tortugas, 24°43’N, 83°25’W, 37 ftm (68 m) ( Clarke 1879: 248, as Aglaophenia gracilis ).—Southwest Florida Shelf, W of North Captiva Island, 26°34’N, 83°16’W, 27 ftm (49 m) ( Nutting 1900: 92).—Southwest Florida Shelf, W of Naples, 26°00’N, 82°58’W, 24 ftm (44 m) ( Nutting 1900: 92).—Florida Keys, 100 ftm (183 m) ( Nutting 1900: 92).—Off Sand Key, 116 ftm (212 m) ( Nutting 1900: 93, as Aglaophenia flowersi ).—Dry Tortugas, 27 ft (8 m) ( Leloup 1935a: 57, as Aglaophenia (?) allmani ).—Tampa Bay, 7–10 miles (11–16 km) offshore, 8–10 ftm (15–18 m) ( Leloup 1937: 112, as Aglaophenia elongata ).—Dry Tortugas, 8 m ( Van Gemerden-Hoogeveen 1965: 79, as Aglaophenia elongata ).— USA: Florida, southern Straits of Florida, 24°21.5’N, 82°26.7’W, 58–60 m + 24°17.7’N, 82°32’W, 223–229 m + 24°51’N, 80°35’W, 64–69 m ( Bogle 1975: 103, as Aglaophenia elongata ).

Elsewhere in western North Atlantic. French Lesser Antilles: Martinique, 96 ftm (176 m) ( Fewkes 1881a: 127, as Aglaophenia gracilis ).— Cuba: Straits of Florida ( Nutting 1895: 179, as Aglaophenia gracilis ).— Cuba: off Havana, 150 ftm (274 m) ( Nutting 1900: 92).— Bahamas: off Little Cat Island, 6 ftm (11 m) ( Nutting 1900: 92).— Anguilla: 100–150 ftm (183–274 m) ( Jäderholm 1903: 294, as Aglaophenia flowersi ).— Bermuda: Challenger Bank, 32 ftm (59 m) ( Bennitt 1922: 252, as Aglaophenia lophocarpa ).— USA: Texas, West Flower Garden Bank ( Defenbaugh 1974: 101, as Aglaophenia elongata ).— Colombia: Santa Marta area ( Wedler 1975: 332, as Aglaophenia elongata ).— USA: Florida, northern Straits of Florida, 25°47.6’N, 80°05’W, 55 m + 25°46’N, 80°05’W, 57 m + 25°14’N, 80°09’W– 25°16’N, 80°09’W, 91 m + 25°17’N, 80°05’W, 174 m + 25°35’N, 80°05’W, 55 m ( Bogle 1975: 102, as Aglaophenia elongata ).— USA: South Carolina, inner (17–18 m), middle (32–36 m) and outer (46–69 m) continental shelf + Georgia, inner (17–22 m), middle (23–29 m) and outer (59–67 m) continental shelf ( Wenner et al. 1984: 21, 40, as Aglaophenia elongata ).— USA: northern Gulf of Mexico, outer shelf edge banks ( Rezak et al. 1985: 224, as Aglaophenia elongata ).— USA: Louisiana, shelf hard bottoms, 29°06’11”N, 92°40’27”W, 22 m + 28°50’40”N, 92°44’33”W, 27 m ( Putt et al. 1986: 54, as Aglaophenia elongata ).— USA: Florida, Biscayne Bay (Jones 1992: 215, as Aglaophenia elongata ).— Bermuda: 2 km to 2.5 km SE of Castle Roads, 50–91 m + 2.5 km E of St. David’s Lighthouse, 85 m + 4 km NW of North Rock, 62–70 m + 2–2.5 km SSE of Castle Roads, 60–91 m + 5 km SSE of Castle Roads, 85 m (Calder 1997: 51).— Bermuda: Argus (=Plantagenet) Bank ( Calder 2000: 1134).— Panama: Bocas del Toro area, Hospital Point, 09°20’01.9”N, 82°13’07.7”W, 2-13 m ( Calder & Kirkendale 2005: 483).— Colombia: off Manaure, 22 and 70 m ( Posada et al. 2010: 75, as Aglaophenia elongata ).— USA: Florida, off St. Lucie Inlet, 27°11.8’N, 80°00.6’W, 42 m + 27°10.8’N, 80°00.8’W, 44 m + off Jupiter Inlet, 26°57.6’N, 79°59.4’W, 48 m ( Calder 2013: 46).—Caribbean Sea ( Wedler 2017b: 143, figs. 162, 163).

Figures

FIGURE 22. a, Aglaophenia dubia: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, Southwest Florida Shelf, ROMIZ B2147. Scale equals 0.1 mm. b, Aglaophenia latecarinata: part of a hydrocladium with three hydrothecae, Fort Myers Beach, ROMIZ B4402. Scale equals 0.1 mm. c, Gymnangium sinuosum: part of a hydrocladium with one hydrotheca, Southwest Florida Shelf, ROMIZ B2203. Scale equals 0.1 mm. d, Lytocarpia tridentata: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, Florida Keys, Bahia Honda Channel, ROMIZ B3806. Scale equals 0.1 mm. e, Macrorhynchia allmani: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, Southwest Florida Shelf, ROMIZ B2187. Scale equals 0.1 mm. f, Macrorhynchia philippina: part of a hydrocladium with two hydrothecae, Sanibel Island, ROMIZ B4405. Scale equals 0.1 mm.