Antonina crawi Cockerell

MOGHADDAM, MASUMEH & WATSON, GILLIAN W., 2022, The Scale Insects Of Iran (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) Part 2 The Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae And Rhizoecidae) And Putoidae, Zootaxa 5126 (1), pp. 1-169 : 22-24

Antonina crawi Cockerell

( Fig. 2 , distribution map Fig. 66 A )

Antonina crawi Cockerell, 1900: 70 .

Field characteristics: Living inside the leaf sheaths of bamboos. Body of adult female light to dark brown depending on age, completely enclosed in a sac of felted white wax ( McKenzie 1967).

Microscopic diagnosis: Slide-mounted adult female elongate oval; posteriormost 2 or 3 abdominal segments sclerotized. Eyes absent. Anal lobes broad and moderately developed. Antennae each reduced to 2 or 3 segments. Legs each sometimes represented by an inconspicuous sclerotized area or small dermal pocket, but sometimes completely absent. Cerarii absent, but posterior abdominal setae enlarged, subconical. Circulus absent. Ostioles present on abdomen only. Spiracles each with sclerotized area surrounding atrium containing trilocular pores of 2 sizes. Each side of body with 28–66 multilocular disc pores in area delimited by mesad edges of spiracles. Anal ring on inner end of an invaginated anal tube; anal tube internally with a ring of multilocular pores and tubular ducts.

Dorsum with short setae, progressively decreasing in length and width anteriorly. Multilocular disc pores forming band along body margin; with 0‒7 pores on segment VII near intersegmental line between VII and VIII. Trilocular pores all of 1 size, absent from posterior 3 or 4 segments and from margin except near spiracles, but scattered over remainder of surface. Discoidal pores of same distribution pattern as trilocular pores, less abundant. Oral collar tubular ducts of various sizes, absent or rare on segment VIII except in anal tube, abundant over remainder of surface.

Venter with setae similar to those on dorsum. Multilocular disc pores each with 10 loculi, forming band along body margin, with 6‒24 pores on abdominal segment IV within area delimited by lateral margin of disc-like pore clusters on each side of segment; with multilocular pores on segment VIII often spanning space between vulva and posterior apex of body, occasionally restricted to 1/2 or 3/4 of distance between vulva and posterior apex of body; derm surrounding opening of anal tube with cluster of multilocular pores and oral collar tubular ducts. Trilocular pores of 2 or 3 sizes, small size in plate surrounding each spiracular atrium; large size scattered around mouthparts, medium size scattered over remainder of surface but absent from or rare on posterior 3 or 4 segments, most abundant near body margin. Disc-like pores present in mediolateral areas from metathorax to segments IV, V, or rarely VI. Oral collar tubular ducts of 2 sizes: large ducts present on posterior sclerotized area; and small ducts present on all segments except in sclerotized area. Vulvar area with 1 pair of lateral apophyses and 1 pair of weakly indicted posterior apophyses ( Williams & Miller 2002).

Distribution: Antonina crawi occurs in the Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic Regions ( García Morales et al. 2016); it was first recorded in Iran by Farahbakhsh (1961) in Gilan province.

Host-plants: The species has been recorded from host-plants in 11 genera belonging to the families Poaceae ( García Morales et al. 2016) and once on Rubiaceae (Hendricks & Kosztarab 1999) ; in Iran, it is found on Bambusa sp. (Poaceae) ( Farahbakhsh 1961).

Economic importance: None.

Natural enemies: None recorded in Iran.

Comments: No specimens of A. crawi were examined for this work.The accompanying illustration is reproduced from Williams & Miller (2002), page 898, Fig. 1 , and is used here with kind permission from the first author and the Editor of Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Generalised morphology of an adult female mealybug (including two types of ceroris, a structure found only in the family Rhizoecidae). © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, U.K.

FIGURE 2. Adult female of Antonina crawi Cockerell.

FIGURE 66. Maps of species distributions in Iran. A. Antonina crawi Cockerell; B. Antonina graminis (Maskell); C. Artemicoccus bispinus Borchsenius; D. Artemicoccus poacearum Moghaddam & Watson sp. n.; E. Brevennia (Brevennia) rehi (Lindinger); F. Ceroputo pilosellae Šulc; G. Chorizococcus pazoukii Moghaddam; H. Chorizococcus viticola Kaydan & Kozár; I. Coccidohystrix burumandi Moghaddam; J. Coccura circumscripta (Kiritshenko); K. Dysmicoccus angustifrons (Hall); L. Dysmicoccus boninsis (Kuwana).