Encephalus (Encephalus) angusticollis J. Sahlberg 1880

Enushchenko, Ilya V., 2019, Review of the subtribe Gyrophaenina Kraatz 1856 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Homalotini) of Middle Asia, with emphasis on the fauna of Kazakhstan, Zootaxa 4613 (2), pp. 379-397 : 380-381

Encephalus (Encephalus) angusticollis J. Sahlberg 1880

( Figs. 1–12 )

Encephalus angusticollis J. Sahlberg 1880: 82

Encephalus solskyi Heyden 1880: 68 (replacement name of Encephalus kraatzi Solsky 1875: 270 ; not synonym of G. nitidula (Gyllenhal 1810)) resyn.

Encephalus torosus Eppelsheim 1893: 39 syn. nov.

Encephalus torosus: Pace 1985: 94

Encephalus (s.str.) torosus: Pace 1989: 486

Type material examined: Holotype of Encephalus angusticollis J. Sahlberg 1880 , ♂: ‘Jeniseisk’, ‘J. Sahlb.’, ‘J. Sahlb. | ind. typ.’ ˂all labels rectangular, printed˃, ‘1135.’ ˂yellow rectangular label, handwritten˃, ‘20’ ˂square label, printed˃, ‘…’ ˂empty square red label˃, ‘ Encephalus | angusticollis | J. Sahlb.’ ˂rectangular label with black frame, handwritten˃, ‘ZMUT | TYPE538’ ˂rectangular red printed label˃ (ZMUT) ( Figs. 4–6 ). Labels as in Fig. 6 .

Lectotype of Encephalus torosus Eppelsheim 1893 , ♂ [a plastic plate with a preparation of the aedeagus, VIII male tergite and sternite in Canada balsam]: ‘c. Eppelsh. | Steind. d.’ [rectangular, printed label], ‘ torosus | Epp.’ [rectangular, handwritten label], ‘Ost-Sibirien. |Auchlyebiet | Ecs Irkut. | Leder 1891’ [handwritten label], ‘ ♂ ’ [little, square, handwritten label], ‘ torosus | Epp. Deutschient. | Zeit. 1983. p. 39’ [handwritten label], ‘TYPUS’ [red rec- tangular label, printed], ‘ Encephalus | torosus Epp. | det. R. Pace 1984 | Lectotypus’ [white rectangular label; mostly handwritten] (NHMW) ( Figs. 7–9 ). Labels as in Fig. 9 .

Paralectotype of Encephalus torosus Eppelsheim 1893 , 2 ♀♀: [a plastic plate with a preparation of the sper- matheca in Canada balsam]: ‘c. Eppelsh. | Steind. d.’ [rectangular, printed label], ‘ torosus | Epp.’ [rectangular, handwritten label], ‘Ost-Sibirien. | Auchlyebiet | Ecs Irkut. | Leder 1891’ [handwritten label], ‘TYPUS’ [red rectan- gular label, printed], ‘ Encephalus | torosus Epp. | det. R. Pace 1984 |’ [white rectangular label; mostly handwritten] (NHMW) ( Figs. 10–12 ). Labels as in Fig. 12 .

Material examined: KAZAKHSTAN: East Kazakhstan Area: Katon-Karagaiskiy District: 3 ♂♂, 21 ♀♀: Altai Mountains, Ustʼ-Kamenogorsk [=Oskemen], Rakhmaninovskie Klyuchi , Berelʼ River , 21.VII.1989, V.A. Kashcheev leg. ( ZIN, cIE) ( Figs. 1–3 ) .

Additional material examined: RUSSIA: Khakasia: Altaiskiy District: ♂: Abakan, left side of Yenisei Riv- er, in fungi on the willow trunk, 3.VII.1988, E.M. Veselova leg. ( ZMM); Evenk Autonomous Region: Balkitskiy District : ♂, 2 ♀♀: Podkamennaya Tunguska River basin, Kochumbek River , 8 km lower the mouth, № 267, 24.VIII.1990, A.B. Ryvkin leg. (cIE) ; Krasnoyarsk Territory: Turukhanskiy District: ♀: Nizhnyaya Sarchikha River, litter under bracket fungus on birch, 11.VII.1992, V.B. Semenov leg. ( ZMM); ♀: Bol’shaya Varlamovka River , 6 km lower Malaya River mouth, 25.VIII.1988, A.B. Ryvkin leg. ( ZMM) ; Tyva: Tandinskiy District: 2 ♀♀: Durgen , 4.VII.1988, E.M. Veselova leg. ( ZMM) ; Irkutsk Area: Slyudyanskiy District: ♀: Baikalʼsk , Solzan valley , 24.VI.1978, V.G. Shilenkov leg. (cIE) ; Buryatiya: Tunkinskiy District: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀: Arshan, right side of Kyngyrga River, 26–29.VIII.2009, I.V. Enushchenko leg. (cIE) ; Zabaykalsky Krai : Uletovskiy District : ♂: Lukovaya River (right tributary of Ingoda River ) valley, N 49°41’ 83,8’’, E 111°08’59,5’’, h= 1420 m, 22.VII.2009, A.V. Shavrin & I.V. Enushchenko leg. (cIE) ; Krasnochikoiskiy District : ♀: valley of Kunalei River , 6 km NW Kunalei, 21.VIII.1998, A.V. Shavrin leg. (cIE) ; Kyrinskiy District : ♂, 2 ♀♀: Bukukun River , N 49°27’17,6’’, E 111°08’15,6’’, h= 1137 m, 6.VIII.2013, I.V. Enushchenko leg. (cIE) ; Khabarovsk Territory: Verkhnebureinskiy District: ♀: Dublikanskiy Nature Refuge, right side of Dublikan River valley , 1 km N cordon, mosses and plant debris on open sedge hummocky with grasses and bushes, 2.IX.2009, A.B. Ryvkin leg. ( ZMM) ; Amur Area: Skovorodinskiy District: ♂, 2 ♀♀: left side of Urka River, ca. 4 km N Yerofei Pavlovich, N 54°00’40,89’’, E 121°57’43,75’’, h= 525 m, 1.IX.2014, A.V. Shavrin & I.V. Enushchenko leg. (cIE); Mazanovskiy District : ♀:, Nora River basin, Sorokavyorstnaya chan- nel, foot of Sosnovaya mountain , 215 m a.s.l., 27.07.2006. E.M.Veselova & A.B.Ryvkin leg. (cIE) ; MONGOLIA: Tuve [Tzentralnyi] Aimak: ♂, ♀: Zaisan, S slope of Bogdo-Ula Mountain , 4.VII.1967, I.M. Kerzhner leg. ( ZIN) .

Remarks. J.Sahlberg (1880) described E. angusticollis based on a single male from ‘... territorio silvoso prope oppidum Jenisseisk…’ (now known as Yeniseysk in Krasnoyarsk Territory, West Siberia). Eppelsheim (1893) de - scribed E. torosus ( Figs. 7–12 ) from south-western Cisbaikalia, based on ‘3 oder 4 Stücke’. The author compared this species with E. angusticollis and E. complicans , from which he distinguished them by the distinctly broader body and coarser microsculpture. Pace recorded E. torosus from Nepal ( Pace 1985, 1989) and revised types (2 males, 2 females) of E. torosus from NHMW ( Pace 2006), without designation of a lectotype. I have revised these types and found that, based on the morphological details of the body, these specimens are conspecific with E. angusticollis . It is worth noting that the possible synonymy of E. torosus with E. angusticollis was assumed by Pace (1985). Thus, a new synonymy is proposed here.

After the descriptions of Encephalus kraatzi by Hochhuth (1872) from Ukraine and Solsky (1875) from the Baikal Region, there was a very complicated story with these identical names discussed in Enushchenko & Shavrin (2011). Encephalus solskyi L.Heyden 1880 (replacement name of E. kraatzi Solsky 1875 ) was synonymized with G. nitidula (Gyllenhal 1810) , while E. kraatzi Hochhuth 1872 was transferred to the genus Brachida by Shilov (1977) and synonymized with B. exigua Heer 1839 . According to the original description of E. kraatzi by Solsky (1875), the species is characterized by transverse antennomeres as in specimens of Encephalus (‘Antennis crassiusculis, articulis penultimis transcersis…’), whereas European G. nitidula can be distinguished by elongate antennomeres. Thus, I propose that E. solskyi Heyden 1880 is not the same as G. nitidula and should be resynonymized with E. angusticollis ( Figs. 4–6 ).

This species is recorded from Kazakhstan and Middle Asia for the first time.

Figures

FIGURES 1–6. Encephalus angusticollis J. Sahlberg (Figs 1–3: Altai Mountains, Oskemen): 1, 4 (holotype of E. angusticollis)—habitus, dorsal view, 5—habitus, frontal view (holotype), 2—aedeagus, lateral view, 3—male abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view, 6—labels of the holotype. Scale bars: 1 mm (1, 4, 5), 0.1 mm (2).

FIGURES 7–12. Encephalus angusticollis J. Sahlberg: 7 (type of E. torosus Eppelsheim, male), 10 (type of E. torosus Eppelsheim, female)—habitus, dorsal view, 11—habitus, frontal view (female), 8—aedeagus, lateral view, 9—labels of type of E. torosus Eppelsheim, male, 12—labels of type of E. torosus Eppelsheim, female. Scale bars: 1 mm (7, 10, 11), 0.1 mm (8).