Muscardinus avellanarius (Linnaeus 1758)

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Rodentia - Family Gliridae, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 819-840 : 835

Muscardinus avellanarius (Linnaeus 1758)

[Mus] avellanarius Linnaeus 1758 , Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 62 .

Type Locality: Sweden .

Vernacular Names: Hazel Dormouse.

Synonyms: Muscardinus abanticus Kivanc 1983 ; Muscardinus anglicus Barrett-Hamilton 1900 ; Muscardinus corilinum (Fatio 1869) ; Muscardinus kroecki Niethammer and Bohmann 1950 ; Muscardinus niveus Altobello 1920 ; Muscardinus pulcher Barrett-Hamilton 1898 ; Muscardinus speciosus ( Dehne 1855) ; Muscardinus trapezius Miller 1908 ; Muscardinus zeus Chaworth-Musters 1932 .

Distribution: Europe and N Turkey: Cumbria and S England ( Bright and Morris, 1992; Bright et al., 1996; Coult, 2001), France ( Jourde, 2001; Papillon et al., 2000), Switzerland ( Catzeflis, 1995 d; Maurizio, 1994), Italy, including Sicilia ( Amori et al., 1995, 1999; Sarà and Casamento, 1995 a; Sarà et al., 2002), Austria ( Spitzenberger, 1983; Spitzenberger et al., 1995), Germany ( Bitz, 1991; Faltin, 1988; Gorner and Henkel, 1988; Harsch, 1993; Mockel, 1988; Rehage and Steinborn, 1984; Schoppe, 1986; Schulze, 1986, 1987), Belgium ( Christiaens, 1995; Libois, 1996), Netherlands ( van Laar, 1984, 1992; Thissen and Hollander, 1996), Denmark ( Jensen, 1980), S and C Sweden ( Berg, 1996, 1997), Poland ( Daoud, 1989; Jurczyszyn and Wolk, 1998; Kaluza, 1987; Pucek, 1983 d; Wilk, 1987), Ukraine ( Bezrodny, 1991), Belorus, Lithuania (Juškaitis, 1995 a), Latvia (Pil~ts, 1995), and Estonia ( Ernits, 1991 b) east to Russia ( Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995; Kuznetsov, 1965; Licha ev, 1972; Ognev, 1947); Czech Republic and Slovakia (And�ra, 1987, 1995; Andera and Cerveny, 1994; Danko, 1994; Hçrka,1990; Obuch, 1998; Smaha, 1996; Stanko and Mosansky, 2000), Hungary (Bakó et al., 1998), Slovenia (Kryštufek, 1991), Croatia (Tvrtkovi et al., 1995), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro ( Petrov, 1992), Romania ( Istrate, 1998), Albania ( Prigioni, 1996), Macedonia, Bulgaria ( Belcheva et al., 1989; Peshev, 1996), Greece ( Ondrias, 1966), Corfu, N Turkey (Do ramaci and Kefel¥o lu, 1992; Kivanc, 1983; Obuch, 2002). In Europe see also Morris (1999) and Storch (1978 a).

Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (nt).

Discussion: Comprehensive review of M. avellanarius , including illustrations of live animal, distributional, morphological, ecological, behavioral and other characteristics, contributed by Rossolimo et al. (2001). Systematic study of W and C European subspecies provided by Witte (1962) and Roesler and Witte (1969), and of Turkish subspecies by Kivanc (1983). Morphometric study of Bulgarian populations reported by Peshev et al. (1990 a) and Peshev and Delov (1995 b). Comparison of dental pattern with fossil Muscardinus from Poland given by Daoud (1993). Review of chromosomal studies given by Zima et al. (1995), additional karyotypic data from Bulgaria reported by Peshev and Delov (1995 a), from Turkey by Do ramaci and Kefel¥o lu (1992), and from Russia by Graphodatsky and Fokin (1993). Allozyme variation and genetic relationships analyzed by Filippucci and Kotsakis (1995). Phallic and bacular structure and variation reported by Hrabe (1969) and Simson et al. (1995). Illustrations and taxonomic implications of os and glans penis, and stomach anatomy, provided by Kratochvil (1973). Tendon-locking mechanism as an adaptation for climbing by grasping documented by Haffner (1996). Hibernation in nature studied by Vogel and Frey (1995). Range, movement, nest-box interactions and annual weight fluctuations in Lithuania reported by Juškaitis (1995 b, 1997, 2001). Occurrence of inividuals with white (albino) tail tips in Lithuania analyzed by Juškaitis (1995 c). Status of populations in the E Baltic region summarized by Timm et al. (1998), and included in a review of ecological strategies of Baltic rodents by Miljutin (1998). Documented in regional faunal studies in N Italy ( Cantini, 1991; Cresti et al., 1994; Paolucci et al., 1993; Scaravelli et al., 1995), C Italy ( Amori et al., 2002 a; Cerone and Aloise, 1994), S Italy ( Cagnin and Aloise, 1995; Cagnin et al., 1996) and Sicilia ( Sara et al., 2001). Human influence on geographical distribution discussed by Carpaneto and Cristaldi (1995). Recorded from Pleistocene in Europe ( Capasso Barbato and Gliozzi, 2001; Horacek, 1987; Kowalski, 2001; Viriot et al., 1991). For synonyms see Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c, 1984).