Sigalegalephrynus burnitelongensis, Sarker & Wostl & Thammachoti & Sidik & Hamidy & Kurniawan & Smith, 2019

Sarker, Goutam C., Wostl, Elijah, Thammachoti, Panupong, Sidik, Irvan, Hamidy, Amir, Kurniawan, Nia & Smith, Eric N., 2019, New species, diversity, systematics, and conservation assessment of the Puppet Toads of Sumatra (Anura: Bufonidae: Sigalegalephrynus), Zootaxa 4679 (2), pp. 365-391 : 370-377

Sigalegalephrynus burnitelongensis sp. nov.

Figs. 2 A–C, 4A, 5A, 6A

Holotype. Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense of Amphibian Collection , MZB.Amph.30413 (field number ENS 18884), an adult male. Collected from a stream of Gunung Burni Telong near Desa (Village) Rambune , Kecamatan (Subdistrict) Timang Gajah , Kabupaten (Regency) Bener Meriah, Province of Aceh, Indonesia. 4.76455ºN, 96.80138ºE, 1519 m a.s.l ( Fig. 3 ). Collected by Goutam C. Sarker, Irvan Sidik, Syaripudin and Muhammad Ikhsan on 9 August 2015 at 00:30h.

vergence and bold cells represent divergence between the southern and northern Groups).

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Paratypes (2). The University of Texas at Arlington Amphibian collection numbers UTA A-65788 and UTA A-65492, adult males. Collected from near to the collection locality of the holotype, 4.76455ºN, 96.80138ºE, 1519 m a.s.l. ( Fig. 3 ). Collected by Goutam C. Sarker, Irvan Sidik, Syaripudin and Muhammad Ikhsan on 8 August 2015 at 23:50h .

Referred specimens (33). All juveniles, UTA A−65493−509 (17), and MZB.Amph.26016−031 (16), same col- lection information as the types.

Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective in Aceh language derived from Burni, meaning Mountain (Gunung in Indonesian) and Telong, meaning burning (Bakar in Indonesian), or in Sanskrit Borni TƏLoŋ, meaning “burning mountain”. This is the local name for the volcano that is the type-locality of this new species, and the Latin suffix – ensis, denoting place.

Suggested Common Name. Burning Mountain Puppet Toad, in English; Kodok-wayang burnitelong, in Indonesian.

Diagnosis. Sigalegalephrynus burnitelongensis sp. nov. can be diagnosed from its congeners by a unique combination of characters: (1) small-size (males 21.73–23.06 mm SVL); (2) lacking parotoid glands; (3) tympanum visible, with elevated annulus not encircled by sharply raised spinose tubercles; (4) naris closer to tip of snout than to eye; eye-naris distance 6.3% (8.3%, 6.9%) of SVL; naris-snout distance 1.1 % (1.2% 1%) of SVL, (5) fingertips truncated but not expanded (except finger I); (6) tips of toe I, II and III rounded, truncated but not expanded on toe IV and V; (7) rudimentary webbing in hands, moderate in feet; (8) dorsum brown without any marking; (9) medial dorsal dark band absent; (10) lacking alternate dark brown and white markings on upper lip, or not prominent; (11) flanks lacking stroke of different color; (12) dorsum lightly tuberculate, tubercles round; (13) venter pinkish–yel-low, without maculation and uniformly tuberculate, (14) interocular distance 44% (43%) of head width; (15) nuptial pads dark brown, with black–tipped spicules; (16) finger IV tip not reaching distal phalangeal articulation of finger III (when adpressed); (17) inner metacarpal tubercle ¾ of outer metacarpal tubercle in length.

Description of holotype and variation of paratypes (in parenthesis). Body moderately robust; head slightly longer than wide, HL/HW = 1.03 (1.10, 1.02); head length 32% (32%, 31%) of SVL; head width 31% (29%, 31%) of SVL; snout length 11% (10, 11%) of SVL; canthus rostralis concave; loreal area slightly tuberculate and concave; eye length 10% (9%, 10%) of SVL; pupil circular; snout truncate in dorsal view and protruding (slightly sloping back towards mouth) in lateral view; tympanum round with distinct annulus; interorbital space flat; cranial crests absent; no teeth in jaws; tongue tip oval shaped and longer than wide; skin of dorsal surfaces slightly rough to finely shagreen, with few large, scattered, round tubercles; most tubercles small, almost without keratinization; no dorsolateral, paravertebral, or occipital folds; skin on venter smoother, with very small and round tubercles; circumcloacal region golden yellow.

Arms robust, with moderately developed axillary membrane; forearm length 27% (27%, 26%) of SVL; hand length 27% (24%, 26%) of SVL; relative length of fingers: I <II <IV <III; fingers bearing large expanded pads; webbing formula for hand: I11/2-2II11/2-23/4III23/4-22/3IV (I1-1II3-23/4III 21/2-2IV); skin of forearm with tubercles; finger I with elongate inner metacarpal tubercle, smaller than the outer metacarpal tubercle; each finger with one poorly developed round subarticular tubercle; nuptial pads brownish-dark, glandular, and dorsomedially extended with black keratinized spicules present at the base of finger I.

Thigh length 44% (43%, 43%) of SVL; tibia length 41% (41%, 40%) of SVL; tarsal length 21% (21%, 24%) of SVL; foot length 41% (37%, 41%) of SVL; relative lengths of toes—I<II<III<V<IV; toes bearing large pads; feet with moderate webbing ( Fig. 6A ), webbing formula for the feet: I0-11/2II0-2III11/2-3IV3-2V (I1-11/2II2- 2III3-3IV2-11/2V); heels without tubercles; inner metatarsal tubercle moderately developed and elongate; outer metatarsal tubercle distinct; one moderate subarticular tubercle present at the base of first phalanx on each toe; toes with toe pads.

Measurements (in mm). Holotype followed by paratypes in parenthesis. Finger III of right hand of paratype deformed, finger measurements of this specimen taken on left hand. SVL 22.18 (21.73, 23.06); HL 7.06 (6.96, 7.20); HW 6.84 (6.31, 7.04); SNL 2.40 (2.20, 2.45); ICD 3.70 (3.50, 3.80); IND 1.89 (1.91, 1.93); END 1.4 (1.80, 1.6); NSD 0.25 (0.26, 0.23); IOD 3.00 (3.10, 3.00); EL 2.20 (2.00, 2.25); TML 1.4 (1.45, 1.2); FAL 6.04 (5.90, 6.10); HAL 6.00 (5.30, 6.00); THL 9.70 (9.28, 9.82); TBL 9.09 (8.97, 9.24); TRL 4.55 (4.50, 5.51); FTL 9.00 (7.98, 9.34); OMCL 1.00 (1.00, 1.00); OMCW 1.00 (1.00, 1.00); IMCL 0.55 (0.50, 0.50); IMCW 0.75 (0.75, 0.75); IMTL 1.5(1.00, 0.90); IMTW 1.0(0.70, 0.80); F1L 0.80 (1.00, 1.00); F2L 1.60 (2.00, 2.00); F3L 3.15 (3.50, 3.50); F4L 2.10 (2.50, 2.50); T1L 1.00 (1.00, 1.00); T2L (1.40, 1.40); T3L 1.80 (2.00, 2.00); T4L 5.00 (4.00, 4.60); T5L 3.50 (3.0, 3.00); F3PD 0.90 (0.80, 1.00); F3PB 0.80 (0.60, 0.75).

Color of holotype in life. Adult male holotype ( Figs. 2A, 2B, 2C ): dorsum predominantly light brown, lacking distinct markings; flanks brown, lacking oblique stripes; infraorbital part of maxilla with light-brown marking; lore light brown, with small dark-brown spot between orbit and naris; dorsum of limbs brown, lacking distinctive crossbar markings; moderately large white tubercles at posterior mandibular articulation; abdominal surface pink, with many yellow blotches; gular region, clavicular, and ventral surface of limbs pink, without yellow blotches; tips of fingers and toes blackish, with golden yellow blotches; iris golden yellow, with heavy black reticulations.

Color of holotype in preservative. Differing slightly from that in life, pinkish coloration turned grey, and venter has turned whitish grey.

Comparisons. Sigalegalephrynus burnitelongensis sp. nov. is restricted to Gunung Burni Telong, a volcano in Bener Meriah regency, Sumatra. Sigalegalephrynus burnitelongensis sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from all other congeners (including S. gayoluesensis sp. nov. from Gayo Lues Regency) by the lack of crossbar markings on the dorsal surface of the limbs. It differs from S. mandailinguensis , S. minangkabauensis and S. harveyi sp. nov. by its truncate (vs. mucronate) shaped snout in dorsal profile, stocky limbs (vs. lanky) smooth tubercles (vs. warty with sharp tips), and lacking an hourglass mark on the dorsum (vs. hourglass present).

Distribution and natural history. Sigalegalephrynus burnitelongensis sp. nov. is known only from forest patches associated to small streams and surrounded by coffee plantations, at Gunung Burni Telong, near the village of Rambune in the province of Aceh, from 1519 m a.s.l. ( Fig. 3 ). The holotype and paratype were found sitting on small leaves of shrubs 20 cm above ground. The holotype weighed 0.76 g, and the paratype 0.69 g. The smallest juvenile collected (UTA A-65505) was 9.6 mm in SVL and 0.06 g in weight.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Lateral, dorsal, and ventral views of specimens of Sigalegalephrynus in life. Holotypes of S. burnitelongensis sp. nov. (A–C, MZB.Amph.30413, SVL 22.18 mm), S. gayoluesensis sp. nov. (D–F, MZB.Amph.30411, SVL 26.49 mm), S. mandailinguensis (G–I, MZB.Amph.25736, SVL 38.01 mm), S. minangkabauensis (J–L, MZB.Amph.25738, SVL 19.32 mm), and S. harveyi sp. nov. (M–O, MZB.Amph.30412, SVL 26.36 mm).

FIGURE 3. Map of Sumatra showing the known distribution of Sigalegalephrynus species.

FIGURE 6. Palmar and plantar surfaces of Sigalegalephrynus specimens in alcohol (Scale bar = 5 mm). Holotypes of Sigalegalephrynus burnitelongensis (A, MZB.Amph.30413), S. gayoluesensis sp. nov. (B, MZB.Amph.30411), S. mandailinguensis (C, MZB.Amph.25736), S. minangkabauensis (D, MZB.Amph.25738), and S. harveyi sp. nov. (E, MZB.Amph.30412).