Rhyncholepta grandicallosa grandicallosa Bergroth, 1911

Kment, Petr, Eger, Joe E. & Rider 3, Jr. David A., 2018, Review of the Neotropical genus Rhyncholepta with descriptions of three new species-group taxa (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae), ZooKeys 796, pp. 347-395 : 357-364

Rhyncholepta grandicallosa grandicallosa Bergroth, 1911 Figs 1-4, 9, 11-12, 14-18, 29, 30-31, 42-43, 54-55, 66, 72, 78-80, 90, 94

Rhyncholepta grandicallosa Bergroth, 1911: 121-122. Syntype(s): ♀, French Guiana (MZHF).

Rhyncholepta grandicallosa : Bergroth (1914): 441 (list), Pl. XI: fig. 6 (habitus illustration); Becker and Grazia-Vieira (1971): 393-396, 398-399, figs 1-3, 6-7, 10, 12, 14, 16 (redescription, habitus and detailed morphological illustrations, inadvertent lectotype designation, distribution); Arnold (2011): 104 (record); Greve et al. (2013): 3, 5, 12: fig. 4L, 14, 16: fig. 64 (cladistic analysis, morphology of male genitalia); Castro- Huertas et al. (2015) [?]: 563 (record); Rider et al. (2018): 190: fig. 2.21 (habitus photo, distribution); Silva et al. (2018): 437 (checklist).

Rhyncholepta grandicalosa (incorrect subsequent spelling): Grazia (1984): 79 (record).

Rhyncholepta sp. [?]: Torres Gutiérrez (2005): 95: fig. 4.42, 109, 115 (record, habitus photo).

Type locality.

French Guiana (without further details) ( Bergroth 1911). Designation of neotype would change the type locality as follows: French Guiana, Roura Commune, Route de Kaw, Camp Caimans, 4°34'09.8"N 52°13'05.5"W, 320 m a.s.l.

Type material examined. Lectotype (designated by Becker and Grazia-Vieira (1971: 396), by use of " holótipo "; requested to be supressed by Kment et al. in press) (Figs 3-4, 14): ♀, FRENCH GUIANA: "FRENCH / GUIANA [handwritten in black ink, white label] // Rhyncholepta / grandicallosa B. [handwritten in black ink, white label] // Mus. Zool. H:fors. / Spec. Typ. No [printed] 12397 / Rhyncholepta / grandicallosa [handwritten in black ink and pencil, white label with black marginal frame] // Mus.Zool. Helsinki / Loan No. / HE [printed] 1246 [handwritten in blue ink, yellow label] // Mus.Zool. Helsinki / Loan No. / HE [printed] 1985 [handwritten in blue ink, yellow label] // Mus.Zool. Helsinki / Loan No. / HE [printed] 1985 [handwritten in blue ink, yellow label]" (MZHF). The lectotype is pinned through scutellum, antennomeres IIa–IV of both antennae missing, left hind leg and right fore and middle legs missing.

Neotype (here suggested) (Figs 1, 15): ♂, FRENCH GUIANA: "GUYANE FR., Rt. De Kaw / Camp Caimans, 320 m a.s.l. / 04.5694N, 52.2182W / 11.-19.i.2016, S. MURZIN lgt. [printed, white label] // COLLECTIO / NATIONAL MUSEUM / Praha, Czech Republic [printed, white label] // ♂ [printed, white label] // NEOTYPUS / RHYNCHOLEPTA / G. grandicallosa / Bergroth, 1911 / des. Kment, Eger, Rider 2017 [printed, red label]" (NMPC). The candidate neotype is card-mounted, with detached genital capsule glued on a separate small piece of card.

Additional material examined (males and associated females).

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Barcelos, Rio Aracá, boca do Rio Curuduri, 00°05'50"N 63°17'22"W, light trap, 15.-18.vi.2010, 1 ♂, C. Schwertner lgt., C. Schwertner and J. Grazia det. (INPA); Barcelos, Rio Aracá, comunidade Bacuquara, 00°09'17"N 63°10'35"W, light trap, 12.-14.vi.2010, 1 ♂, C. Schwertner lgt., C. Schwertner and J. Grazia det. (INPA); Barcelos, Rio Padauari, comunidade Ararão /Ararinha, 00°30'18"N 64°03'30"W, light trap, 4.-7.vi.2010, 1 ♂, C. Schwertner lgt., C. Schwertner and J. Grazia det. (INPA); Ipixuna, Rio Gregório, comunidade Lago Grande no Seringal do Recreio, 07°10'11.7"S 70°49'10.3"W, light trap, 17.-23.v.2011, 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, C. Schwertner lgt., C. Schwertner and J. Grazia det. (INPA). - ECUADOR: Napo Province: Misahualli, 600 m a.s.l., 10.ix.1996, 1 ♂, D. Robacker lgt. (DBTC); Puerto Mis[a]hualli env., 1650-1900 ft [= 503-582 m a.s.l.], 1°2'49.2"S, 77°39'49.2"W, Mercury vapor and Ultraviolet lights, 6.-19.ix.1998, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, J. E. Eger lgt. (JEEC). Orellana Province: Cerca Pompeya, Yasuni NP, 00°38-40'S 76°22-27'W, 280 m a.s.l., 1.-11.x.2002, 3 ♂♂, D. Robacker lgt. (DBTC); Yasuni Research Station, ca. 40 km SE Limonccha, 3.-6.iv.2001, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, P. J. Landolt lgt. (JEEC). Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas Province: Tinalandia [ca. 0.297304°S, 79.051773°W], 9.-16.vii.1980, 1 ♂, H. V. Weems, Jr. lgt. (FSCA). - FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne Arrondissement: Iracoubo Commune: 16 km W Iracoubo, 5.49°N 53.31°W, 1.-2.i.2018, 1 ♂, S. Murzin lgt. (NMPC). Macouria Commune: Matiti, Za Wayabo, Flight Intercept Trap, 1.-31.iii.2013, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, J. L. Giuglaris lgt. (JEEC). Montsinéry-Tonnegrande Commune: 8 km W of Risquetout, 4°55.097'N 52°33.121'W, 45 m a.s.l., MV Light, 15.iv.2007, 1 ♂, D. G. Hall and J. E. Eger lgt. (FSCA). Régina Commune: 41 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd., 4°32.214'N 52°07.420'W, 272 m a.s.l., MV Light, 8.xii.2002, 4 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, J. E. Eger lgt. (4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ FSCA, 4 ♀♀ JEEC); Route de Kaw, 4.5461°N 52.1221°W, 220 m a.s.l., 19.-23.xii.2015, 1 ♂, S. Murzin lgt. (ZJPC). Roura Commune: 14 km E of N2 on road to Dégrad Corréze, 4°29.964'N, 52°20.260'W, 108 m a.s.l., MV Light, 6.xii.2002, 2 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀, J. E. Eger lgt. (2 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ FSCA, 5 ♀♀ JEEC); 15 km W of N2 on Belizon Rd., 6.-7.xii.2002, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, J. L. Giuglaris lgt. (FSCA); 17 km W of N2 on Belizon Rd., 4°17.825'N 52°22.812'W, 94 m a.s.l., MV Light, 3.xii.2002, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, J. E. Eger lgt. (2 ♂♂ FSCA, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ JEEC); 27 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd., 4°34.116'N 52°12.614'W, 308 m a.s.l., MV Light, 12.-20.xi.2009, 4 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, L. Pöllumea and O. Maasikas lgt. (FSCA); the same locality, 12.-14.xii.2009, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, L. Pöllumea and O. Maasikas lgt. (1 ♂ 1 ♀ FSCA, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ JEEC); the same locality, 5.ii.2010, 2 ♂♂, J. E. Eger lgt. (FSCA); 28 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd., 4°34.252'N, 52°12.797'W, 306 m a.sl., MV Light, 17.ii.2010, 2 ♂♂, J. E. Eger lgt. (FSCA); 32 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd., 4°33.612'N 52°11.350'W, 287 m a.s.l., MV Light, 15.ii.2010, 8 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, J. E. Eger lgt. (7 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ FSCA, 1 ♂ JEEC); 33 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd., 4°34.135'N, 52°11.150'W, 227 m a.s.l., MV Light, 1.xii.2002, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, J. E. Eger lgt. (FSCA); the same locality, MV Light, 26.xii.2002, 1 ♂ 5 ♀♀, F. Goubert lgt. (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ FSCA, 2 ♀♀ JEEC); the same locality, MV Light, 1.-2.vi.2005, 5 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, J. E. Eger and M. T. Messenger lgt. (FSCA); the same locality, MV Light, 12.-13.iv.2007, 17 ♂♂ 22 ♀♀, D. G. Hall and J. E. Eger lgt. (FSCA); 38 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd., 4°34.214'N, 52°09.566'W, 256 m a.s.l., MV Light, 4.xii.2002, 5 ♂♂, J. E. Eger lgt. (4 ♂♂ FSCA, 1 ♂ JEEC); the same locality, 25.xii.2002, 1 ♂, F. Goubert lgt. (FSCA); Amazone Nature Lodge env., 30 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd., 4°33.570'N, 52°12.433'W, 300 m a.s.l., UV Light Trap, 2.-8.vi.2005, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, J. E. Eger and M. T. Messenger lgt. (FSCA); the same locality, UV Light Trap, 10.-18.iv.2007, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀♀, D. G. Hall and J. E. Eger lgt. (FSCA); the same locality, UV Light Trap, 5.-19.ii.2010, 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, J. E. Eger lgt. (3 ♂♂ 1 ♀ FSCA, 1 ♀ JEEC); the same locality, MV Lights, 4.-15.i.2016, 11 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀, J. Eger, R. Morris and J. Wappes lgt. (JEEC); 1 km S Amazone Nature Lodge, 30 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd., 4°32.961'N, 52°12.830'W, 288 m a.s.l., 3.-4.vi.2005, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, J. E. Eger and M. T. Messenger lgt. (FSCA); Cacao env., 150 m a.s.l., 4.572°N 52.427°W, 2.-4.i.2018, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, S. Murzin lgt. (1 ♂ 1 ♀ NMPC, 1 ♀ HNHM, 1 ♀ NHMW); Entomotech Lodge, 30 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd.N, 4°33.570'N 52°12.433'W, 300 m a.s.l., MV Light, 1.-12.xii.2002, 6 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, J. E. Eger lgt. (4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ FSCA, 2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ JEEC); the same locality, MV Light, xi.2004-ii.2005, 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 2.ii.2005, 2 ♂♂, F. Goubert lgt. (FSCA); Highway D6 to Kaw, 33.5 km SE of Roura [ca. 4°32'47"N 52°08'41"W], 10.ii.1986, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, G. Tavakilian lgt. (DARC); Kaw Road km 18, 26.viii.1995, 1 ♂, J. E. Wappes lgt. (DBTC); Route de Kaw, Caiman Camp env., 4.i.2007, 1 ♂, M. Snížek lgt. (ZJPC; labeled as paraneotype); Route de Kaw, Camp Caimans, 4.5694°N 52.2182°W, 320 m a.s.l., 11.-19.i.2016, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, S. Murzin lgt. (2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ NMPC, 1 ♂ BMNH, males labeled as paraneotypes); 20.-31.i.2016, 2 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, S. Murzin lgt. (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ NMPC, 2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ ZJPC; males labeled as paraneotypes); 1.-3.ii.2016, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, S. Murzin lgt. (1 ♂ 1 ♀ NMPC, 2 ♀♀ ZJPC, male labeled as paraneotypes); Camp Caiman, 4.569°N 52.218°W, 260 m a.s.l., 8.-31.i.2018, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, S. Murzin lgt. (1 ♂ 1 ♀ NMPC, 1 ♂ MMBC; males labeled as paraneotypes). Sinnamary Commune: Sinnamary [ca. 5.374628°N 52.955196°W], Route de St. Elie, 14.i.2007, 1 ♂, M. Snížek lgt. (ZJPC). Saint-Georges Commune: Pied Saut, Oyapok River [= north bank of the Oyapock River, ca. 12 km upstream of Saint-Georges, at the foot of the first rapids on this, 3°48'30"N 51°52'30"W - see Ingels et al. (2012)], 1 ♂, S. M. Klages lgt., C. M. Acc. 6111, D. B. Thomas det. (DBTC). Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni Arrondissement: Mana Commune: Rte. d’Apatou (Chutes Voltaire), 5.15°N 54.023°W, 6.-31.xii.2017, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀, S. Murzin lgt. (1 ♂ 1 ♀ NMPC, 1 ♂ HNHM, 1 ♂ NHMW). Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni Commune: Camp Voltaire, 5.0530°N 54.0881°W, 60 m a.s.l., 25.-31.xii.2015, 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, S. Murzin lgt. (1 ♂ NMPC, 2 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ ZJPC). - PERU: Loreto Province: 80 km NE Iquitos [ca. 3.341878°S 72.741851°W], Explorama Lodge, 1 km from Amazon R.[iver] on R.[iver] Yanamono, at light, 25.-28.viii.1992, 1 ♂, J. Castner, P. Skelley et al. lgt. (JEEC).

Material examined (tentatively identified females).

ECUADOR: Orellana Province: Yasuni Research Station, 250 m a.s.l., 0°38'S, 76°36'W, 17.-31.x.1998, 1 ♀, B. K. Dozier lgt. (JEEC). Sucumbíos Province: Limoncocha on Rio Napo [ca. 0°24'24"S 76°37'15"W], 13.v.1974, 1 ♀, 19.i.1974, 1 ♀, B. A. Drummond, III lgt. (JEEC). - FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne Arrondissement: Régina Commune: 21 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd., 4°36.115'N, 52°15.972'W, MV Light, 6.-7.ii.2010, 3 ♀♀, J. E. Eger lgt. (2 ♀♀ FSCA, 1 ♀ JEEC); 33 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd., 4°34.135'N, 52°11.150'W, 227 m a.s.l., MV Light, 7.xii.2002, 2 ♀♀, J. E. Eger lgt. (FSCA); Entomotech Lodge, 30 km SE Roura on Kaw Rd.N, 4°33.570'S 52°12.433'W, 300 m a.s.l., MV Light, 5.xii.2004, 1 ♀, 6.xii.2004, 1 ♀, 9.xii.2004, 1 ♀, F. Goubert lgt. (FSCA). Not identified: Montagne Tortua, 26.viii.1981, 1 ♀, G. Tavakilian lgt. (DARC). - GUYANA: Essequibo R.[iver], Moraballi Creek [Moraballi Creek about 3 km above junction with Essequibo River, 6°11'N - see Davis and Richards (1933) / 6°12'16.9"N 58°33'51.6"W], 4.ix.1929, 1 ♀, Oxf. Univ. Expedn., B.M. 1929-485 (BMNH); New River, iii.-v.1938, 1 ♀, viii.1938, 1 ♀, C. A. Hudson lgt., Brit. Mus. 1939-370 (BMNH). - SURINAME: Raleigh Falls [4°40'N 56°09'W], 25.-27.vii.1975, 1 ♀, L. H. Rolston lgt. (DARC).

Material identified by Roland Lupoli (deposited in RLFF).

FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne Arrondissement: Camopi Commune: Itoupé [Mt.; 3°01'N 53°04'W], 600-800 m a.s.l., Light Trap, 19.xi.-1.xii.2014, 5 spec., SEAG [= Société Entomologique Antilles-Guyane] lgt. Macouria Commune: Forêt littorale de Maya, Polyvie (Blue LED) Trap, 12.xii.2015, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.; Savane Lambert [ca. 4°53'26"N 52°31'46"W], Polyvie (Blue LED) Trap, 9.vii.2016, 1 spec., SEAG lgt. Matoury Commune: La Désirée, Polyvie Trap (Blue LED), 8.vi.2014, 4 spec., 20.ix.2014, 1 spec., SEAG lgt. Saint-Elie Commune: Inselberg Haute-Koursibo [4°18'59"N 53°17'10"W], Light Trap, 3.iii.2013, 3 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyvie (Blue LED) Trap, 5.iii.2013, 1 spec., 26.x.2013, 1 spec., 2.xi.2013, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.; Réserve Naturelle de la Trinité [ca. 4°04'18"N 52°33'18"W], Zone Bénitier, Light Trap, 9.x.2010, 1 spec., 7.-8. and 10.xi.2013, 5 spec., SEAG lgt. Régina Commune: Piste Bélizon, km 20, Light Trap, 26.viii.2003, 1 spec., 21.xii.2003, 1 spec., R. Lupoli lgt.; Piste Bélizon, km 4, 8.v.2004, 5 spec., R. Lupoli lgt.; RN2, km 136, Light Trap, 8.iv.2014, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.; Nouragues [ca. 4°04'18"N 52°43'57"W], Saut Pararé, Light Trap, 23.vii.2009, 1 spec., 22.ii.2010, 2 spec., SEAG lgt.; Nouragues, Inselberg, Automatic Light Trap, 13.x.2012, 6 spec., SEAG lgt. Roura Commune: Route de Kaw, km 36-38, 9.ii.1993, 1 spec., Lecourt lgt.; the same locality, Light Trap. 12.ix.1998, 1 spec., 23.ix.2000, 2 spec., 24.viii.2003, 1 spec., 6.v.2004, 1 spec., 10.v.2004, 3 spec., Lupoli lgt.; Montagne des Chevaux RN2 km 22 [ca. 4.7216°N 52.3073°W], 23.v.2009, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Automatic Light Trap, 20.vi.2009, 1 spec., 14.v.2010, 1 spec., 5.ii.2012, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, GemLight Trap, 20.v.2012, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyswing Trap, 8.vii.2012, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Automatic Light Trap, 21.x.2012, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, GemLight Trap, 9.xii.2012, 3 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyvie Trap (Blue LED), 16.xii.2012, 2 spec., 24.xii.2012, 6 spec., 9.i.2013, 3 spec., 13.i.2013, 5 spec., 27.i.2013, 9 spec., 4.ii.2013, 2 spec., 11.ii.2013, 14 spec., 16.ii.2013, 5 spec., 24.ii.2013, 2 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, GemLight Trap, 4.iii.2013, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyswing and GemLight Traps, 24.iii.2013, 2 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyvie (Blue LED) and GemLight Traps, 6.iv.2013, 10 spec., 13.iv.2013, 37 spec., 20.iv.2013, 18 spec., 27.iv.2013, 17 spec., 4.v.2013, 48 spec., 13.v.2013, 42 spec., 19.v.2013, 40 spec., 25.v.2013, 22 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyvie Trap (Blue LED), 1.vi.2013, 29 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyvie (Blue LED) and GemLight Traps, 8.vi.2013, 19 spec., 15.vi.2013, 27 spec., 22.vi.2013, 15 spec., 29.vi.2013, 1 spec., 6.vii.2013, 13 spec., 13.vii.2013, 21 spec., 20.vii.2013, 3 spec., 27.vii.2013, 4 spec., 3.viii.2013, 3 spec., 10.viii.2013, 5 spec., 17.viii.2013, 3 spec., 24.viii.2013, 1 spec., 31.viii.2013, 1 spec., 7.ix.2013, 1 spec., 14.ix.2013, 2 spec., 21.ix.2013, 1 spec., 5.x.2013, 3 spec., 19.x.2013, 1 spec., 3.xi.2013, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyvie Trap (Blue LED), 30.xi.2013, 1 spec., 14.xii.2013, 1 spec., 28.xii.2013, 1 spec., 4.i.2014, 3 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, GemLight Trap, 11.i.2014, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyvie Trap (Blue LED), 18.i.2014, 1 spec., 25.i.2014, 2 spec., 1.ii.2014, 5 spec., 15.ii.2014, 1 spec., 29.iii.2014, 7 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyvie Trap (Rose and Blue LED), 5.iv.2014, 2 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, GemLight Trap, 19.iv.2014, 2 spec., 27.iv.2014, 2 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyvie Trap (Rose and Blue LED), 27.iv.2014, 4 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyvie (Blue LED) and GemLight Traps, 3.v.2014, 2 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyvie Trap (Rose and Blue LED), 17.v.2014, 4 spec., 31.v.2014, 5 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, GemLight Trap, 7.vi.2014, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyvie Trap (Blue LED), 26.vii.2014, 1 spec., 2.viii.2014, 2 spec., 9.viii.2014, 5 spec., 21.viii.2014, 13 spec., 30.viii.2014, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyvie Trap (Rose LED), 20.ix.2014, 1 spec., 27.ix.2014, 1 spec., SEAG lgt. Sinnamary Commune: Route Barrage Petit Saut km 21-22 [ca. 5°04'14"N 53°00'21"W], Light Trap, 11.ii.2002, 3 spec., R. Lupoli lgt.; the same locality, Light Trap, 29.iv.2002, 4 spec., 23.v.2003, 1 spec., 4.vi.2003, 1 spec., all Bout lgt.; the same locality, Light Trap, 12.x.2004, 1 spec., Lupoli lgt. Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni Arrondissement: Mana Commune: Laussat ouest [ca. 5°29'16"N 53°33'46"W], Light Trap, 14.v.2010, 1 spec., Lamarre lgt. Maripasoula Commune: DZ rivière Coulé coulé, Light Trap, 22.x.2004, 1 spec., Champenois lgt.; Massif du Mitaraka [ca. 2°17'29"N 54°31'18"W], Light Traps, 23.ii.-25.iii.2015, 49 spec., MNHN lgt. Saül Commune: Belvédère [ca. 2.41°N 53.1°W], Light Trap, 13.iii.2013, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.; the same locality, Polyvie (Blue LED) Trap, 1.ix.2015, 2 spec., 15.ix. 2015, 6 spec., 13.xi.2015, 4 spec., 27.xi.2015, 2 spec., 11.xii.2015, 1 spec., 8.i.2016, 14 spec., 22.ii.2016, 1 spec., 9.iii.2016, 1 spec., 31.v.2016, 8 spec., SEAG lgt. St-Laurent du Maroni Commune: Village Espérance [ca. 5°25'39"N 54°03'04"W], Polyvie Trap (Blue LED), 1.iv.2014, 1 spec., 15.v.2014, 2 spec., SEAG lgt.; Sommet Massif Lucifer [ca. 4°45'57"N 53°56'26"W], Light Trap, 25.x.2014, 1 spec., SEAG lgt.

Diagnosis.

Coloration, structure of head, thorax and pregenital abdomen, and vestiture as in other species of the genus (see redescription of Rhyncholepta above) except the following characters:

Apex of scutellum with anteapical black V-shaped stripe usually reduced to small black spot at lateral margin at anterior end of apical V-shaped callosity (Figs 14-17). However, two examined males (♂ [Figure 18], French Guiana, Camp Caimans, 20.-31.i.2016, NMPC; ♂, French Guiana, Pied Saud, DBTC), have the black V complete. Apical callosity large, branches of the V short, forming ca. one third, less frequently one half, of length, tip of scutellum therefore with rather large triangular callosity (Figs 14-18).

Male genitalia. Genital capsule in ventral view distinctly constricted lateroapically (Figs 30: arrow, 54: arrow), posterolateral angles prominent, ca. rectangular (Figs 30, 54); dorsal wall at base of posterolateral angles deeply impressed (Figs 54: arrow, 66). Ventral rim in ventral view apically bilobed, with shallow V-shaped notch medially (Figs 30-31); hypandrial projections not visible in ventral view (Figs 30-31). Hypandrium in posterior view with pair of large-lobe like anterior projections, apices appearing rounded (Figs 42, 43: ap) and very short, pointed posterior projections directed posterolaterad (Figs 42, 43: pp); lateral projections not visible in ventral view but placement of their attachment apparent as small convexity laterally on anterior projections (Figure 43: lpb). Anterior hypandrial projection in most exposed (dorso-posterolateral) view larger than in Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana , with lateral margins parallel-sided in middle, broadly rounded apically (Figure 72: ap). In dorsal view, apices of anterior hypandrial projections directed straight upwards, their median outline regularly convex (Figs 54, 55: ap; straight in Rh. g. centroamericana ); lateral hypandrial projections long, golf-club shaped, their "handles" approaching apically (Figs 54, 55: lp; nearly parallel in Rh. g. centroamericana ), apically regularly (C-shaped) curved inwards (Figs 55: lp, 72: lp). Phallus (Figs 78-80; described and illustrated in detail by Becker and Grazia-Vieira 1971: figs 6, 7, 10): Basal plates U-shaped. Phallotheca cylindrical, curved dorsally at right angles at apex. Conjunctiva variably sclerotized ventrally, with pair of laminar sclerites flanking distal region of aedeagus, but not reaching phallotreme (Figure 79: cjs); dorsally with strong expansion giving conjunctiva sacculiform appearance. Aedegaus (= vesica) elongate, S-shaped, covered with conjunctiva except at apex ( Becker and Grazia-Vieira 1971: fig. 10; in Figure 79: ae the S-shaped sinuation less prominent due to overmaceration in KOH).

Female genitalia. Posterior edges of laterotergites VIII abruptly attenuated apically, as long as or slightly more prominent posteriad compared with laterotergites IX (Figure 90). Internal female genitalia described in detail by Becker and Grazia-Vieira (1971: figs 14, 16).

Measurements. See Table 1. Measurements of candidate neotype (in mm): Body length 12.07, body length to segment VII 10.85, head length 2.35, head width 2.25, interocular width 1.03, length of antennomeres: I - 0.83, IIa - 1.23, IIb - 2.50, III - 3.43, IV - 2.94, pronotum length 2.55, pronotum width 8.24, scutellum length 4.41, scutellum width 3.53.

Differential diagnosis.

See characters in the key above. Most specimens of this subspecies differ from Rh. henryi sp. n. by the incomplete black V-shaped band anteapically on scutellum; however, this character does not work for all specimens.

Etymology.

The species name is a composed Latin adjective, grandicallosus (-a, -um), meaning "bearing large callosities."

Bionomics.

Specimens mainly were collected by various types of light traps (UV light, mercury vapor light, GemLight and Polyvie traps) in dense forests or adjacent to such a forest, except in Macouria, where one specimen was collected in the littoral secondary forest and one in the savanna. This species has never been collected by hand catching, sweeping, or beating the vegetation during the day or night. One specimen was collected by flight intercept trap at Matiti, French Guiana (JE Eger, pers. observ.; R Lupoli, pers. comm.). Collection dates of specimens examined indicate that Rh. g. grandicallosa occurs year round, with a distinct peak in April–June (Figure 94) ( Becker and Grazia-Vieira 1971, Castro Huertas et al. 2005, this paper).

Distribution

(Figs 99-100). Brazil: Amazonas ( Becker and Grazia-Vieira 1971, Arnold 2011, Silva et al. 2018);?Colombia: Chocó ( Torres Gutiérrez 2005, as Rhyncholepta sp.; Castro-Huertas et al. 2015); French Guiana ( Becker and Grazia-Vieira 1971); Guyana (new country record); Peru (new country record); Suriname (new country record); Venezuela ( Becker and Grazia-Vieira 1971, Grazia 1984).

Records from Colombia, Guyana, and Suriname require confirmation based on males. The subspecific identity of Rh. grandicallosa population from Chocó, Colombia requires revision.

Comments.

Bergroth (1911) described the species based on the female sex, but did not indicate the number of specimens (syntypes) examined, though the fact that a single measurement and not a range was given for the body length ('Long. ♀ (sine membr. [= without membrane]) 11 mm) suggests that he had only one specimen. Bergroth (1914: fig. 6) provided a color painting of an adult. Neither of the Bergroth’s two papers mentioned the depository of the type(s).

Pirán (1956: 29, 35: fig. 1) illustrated the male genitalia of a specimen from Bolivia and designated the specimen as the allotype. The designation of a male allotype by Pirán (1956) is an invalid action without nomenclatural consequence because his specimen was not a part of the original type series (see ICZN 1999: Article 72). Furthermore, his illustration more closely conforms to Rh. meinanderi as described by Becker and Grazia-Vieira (1971).

Becker and Grazia-Vieira (1971: 396) referred to a female holotype from French Guiana, deposited in the collection of the MZHF. We consider the action of Becker and Grazia-Vieira (1971: 396) as a valid lectotype designation under Article 74.6 ( ICZN 1999) because the term holotype was used explicitly for the only existing (syn)type specimen. Becker and Grazia-Vieira (1971) distinguished two species of the genus Rhyncholepta . They interpreted Rh. grandicallosa based on their examination of the lectotype and described its male and a new species, Rh. meinanderi , which differs from Rh. grandicallosa in structure of the male and female genitalia ( Becker and Grazia-Vieira 1971: figs 2, 3 versus 4, 5 and 12 versus 13).

Our revision of the genus Rhyncholepta , however, reveals five taxa that are indistinguishable based on coloration, structure of body and pregenital abdomen, vestiture, and morphometric characters (see Table 1). The most promising external character, the development of the black V-shaped anteapical band on the scutellum and its apical V-shaped callosity, might help in identifying specimens of Rh. grandicallosa grandicallosa versus Rh. henryi , but we found two males of Rh. g. grandicallosa from French Guiana with a complete V-shaped band on the scutellum, as in Rh. henryi . This character also varies widely in Rh. grandicallosa centroamericana . The painting by Bergroth (1914), depicting almost certainly the lectotype of Rh. grandicallosa , shows an apparent black V-shaped band anteapically on the scutellum. The black V-shaped band, however, is not well delimited in recent photographs of the lectotype (see Figure 5), which might be attributed to inaccuracy of the painting or fading of the specimen’s coloration during a century of preservation.

The female external genitalia allow Rh. meinanderi to be distinguished from both subspecies of Rh. grandicallosa and Rh. henryi sp. n., but those taxa cannot be reliably separated based on this character (Figs 93 versus 90-92). Also, the internal female genitalia did not provide suitable identification characters. Moreover, the female of Rh. wheeleri sp. n., the taxon probably most closely related to Rh. meinanderi , remains unknown.

The structure of the male genital capsule and, to a lesser extent, of the phallus thus remain the only reliable characters for identifying species of Rhyncholepta . The presence of two sympatric taxa in French Guiana, the type locality of Rh. grandicallosa , required reconsideration of the identity of this taxon. Careful examination of the photographs of the lectotype provided by MZHF confirmed that, in the absence of a reliable character allowing identification of female Rh. grandicallosa and Rh. henryi , the lectotype is not sufficient to determine the specific identity of Rh. grandicallosa . We decided to follow Article 75.5 of ICZN (1999) by petitioning the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to suppress the existing non-informative lectotype and replace it with a male neotype. Herein we suggest a suitable male neotype, which is properly documented to fulfill all requirements of Article 75.3 of ICZN (1999) and conserves the identity of Rh. grandicallosa sensu Becker and Grazia-Vieira (1971) and all subsequent authors. The case is being submitted to the ICZN simultaneously with this paper (Kment et al., submitted).