Luxiaria mitorrhaphes Prout, 1925

Jiang, Nan, Xue, Dayong & Han, Hongxiang, 2014, A review of Luxiaria Walker and its allied genus Calletaera Warren (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae) from China, Zootaxa 3856 (1), pp. 73-99 : 75-77

Luxiaria mitorrhaphes Prout, 1925

Figs 1–5 , 48 , 65 , 85 , 99

Luxiaria mitorrhaphes Prout, 1925 , Novit. zool., 32: 64. Holotype ♂, India: Naga Hills, 5000–6000 ft (BMNH). Luxiaria contigaria Walker , sensu Prout, 1915, in Seitz, Macrolepid. World, 4: 350, pl. 18: l.

Diagnosis. The external characters of the species are close to those of L. acutaria ( Snellen, 1877) as follows: the forewing apex is not falcate; the outer margin of the hind wing is serrate; greyish brown bands are present outside the postmedial lines of both wings. But the species can be distinguished by the following characters: the outer margin of the hind wing in the female is almost smooth and not as crenulate as in L. acutaria ; the forewing discal spot is smaller, and not extending to the medial line distally; the postmedial lines on the underside of both wings are less distinct. The most distinct differences are in the male genitalia: the uncus is deeply concave apically, and Vshaped, while in L. acutaria , it is shallowly concave apically, and nearly semicircular; the lobe between the dorsal and the ventral arms of the valva is weakly protruding outwards at the middle; a short digitiform process with small spines terminally arises from the ventral margin of the dorsal arm of the valva, but it is absent in L. acutaria ; the ventral arm of the valva is swollen basally and forms a sharp protrusion on the ventral margin, while L. acutaria does not have this character; the angled part of the ventral arm of the valva looks like the head of a snake, while in L. acutaria , it is shorter and broader, forming two acute points terminally; the cornutus is longer than that of L. acutaria . The male genitalia of the species are also similar to those of L. amasa , especially in the ventral arm of the valva, but it can be distinguished by the deeply concave uncus, the subapical spine on the ventral margin of the ventral arm of the right valva, the presence of a short process on the dorsal arm of the valva, the narrower saccus, the absence of a pair of triangular lobes on the juxta, the absence of a short finger-like process of the aedeagus and the longer cornutus. The female genitalia are different from those of other congeners as follows: a long triangular process is present at the posterior margin of the lamella postvaginalis; the cleft of the seventh sternite of the female is deep and almost rounded.

Material examined. CHINA: Jilin ( IZCAS): 1 ♂ 1♀, Changbaishan, 6.VIII.1974, 10.VII.1982, coll. Zhang Baolin. Henan ( IZCAS): 1 ♂ 3♀, Baiyunshan, 1300–1400 m, 13.VI.2001, 15–31.VII.2003, coll. Shen Xiaocheng; 1 ♂ 2♀, Xinyang, Jigongshan, 250 m, 20–21.VII.2002, coll. Han Hongxiang. Shaanxi ( IZCAS): 2 ♂, Huangbaiyuan, 1350 m, 13.VII.1980, coll. Han Yinheng. Gansu ( IZCAS): 1 ♂, Wenxian, Shanwangmiao, 1500 m, 28.VII.1999, coll. Yao Jian; 1♀, Yongdeng, Liancheng Linchang, 30.VI.1988. Qinghai ( IZCAS): 2♀, Huzhu, Beishan Linchang, Langshidang, 2600 m, 7.VIII.2005, coll. Han Hongxiang. Zhejiang ( IZCAS): 21 ♂ 5♀, Lin’an, West Tianmushan, 400–1500 m, 26–30.VII.2003, coll. Xue Dayong & Han Hongxiang; 12 ♂ 29♀, Qingyuan, Fengyangshan, Datianping, 1290 m, 6–10.VIII.2003, coll. Han Hongxiang; 5 ♂ 9♀, Qingyuan, Baishanzu, 570–1856 m, 11–13.VIII.2003, coll. Han Hongxiang; 1 ♂ 3♀, Taishun, Wuyanling, Shuangkengkou, 680 m, 28–29.VII.2005, coll. Lang Songyun; 2 ♂ 3♀, Tianmushan, V.1936, 24.VI.1957, 20 –25.VII.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin & Su Jiyao; 1 ♂ 3♀, Hangzhou, 18.VII–16.VIII.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1 ♂, Suichang, Daxikeng, 750 m, 15.VIII.1985. Hubei ( IZCAS): 1 ♂ 1♀, Shennongjia, Honghua, 860 m, 17.VIII.1981, coll. Han Yinheng; 1 ♂ 2♀, Shennongjia, Songluo, 920 m, 31.VIII–1.IX.1981, coll. Han Yinheng; 1 ♂ 5♀, Shennongjia, Dajiuhu, 800 m, 1–5.VIII.1981, coll. Han Yinheng; 1 ♂, Badong, Tiechanghuang, 1200 m, 11.VIII.1989, coll. Li Wei; 2♀, Xingshan, 1300 m, 29.VII.1980, coll. Yu Peiyu; 1♀, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1350 m, 16.VII.1993, coll. Song Shimei; 1♀, Lichuan, Xingdoushan, 800 m, 23.VII.1989, coll. Li Wei. Jiangxi ( IZCAS): 1♀, 3.VII.1975, coll. Zhang Baolin; 17 ♂ 19♀, Jiulianshan, 12.VI–31.VII.1975, 26.V.1977, 25.IX.1979, coll. Zhang Baolin & Song Shimei; 14 ♂ 10♀, Doushui, 29.VI–8.VII.1975, coll. Song Shimei; 1 ♂ 5♀, Lushan, 12.VI–8.VII.1974, coll. Zhang Baolin; 7 ♂ 3♀, Guling, 9.VII–20.VIII.1935, coll. O. Piel; 5 ♂ 13♀, Dayu, 14–18.VII.1975, 14–16.VIII.1985, coll. Song Shimei & Wang Ziqing; 1♀, Jinggangshan, 29.VI.1975, coll. Song Shimei. Hunan ( IZCAS): 4 ♂ 2♀, Yizhang, Mangshan, 512–770 m, 13–15.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 5 ♂ 1♀, Yanling, Taoyuandong, 631 m, 4–8.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 1♀, Guidong, Sidu, 9–12.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 3♀, Guzhang, Gaowangjie, 850 m, 29.VII.1988, coll. Chen Yixin; 2♀, Hengshan, 28.V.1974, 22.VIII.1979, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1♀, Zhangjiajie, 8.X.1988, coll. Fang Chenglai; 2 ♂, Cili, Suoxiyu, 400 m, 17–20.X.1988, coll. Zhao Zhongling; 1♀, Yongshun, Shanmuhe, 600 m, 3.VIII.1988, coll. Chen Yixin. Fujian ( IZCAS): 1 ♂, Fuzhou, Forestry College, 21.VIII.1980, coll. Zhu Xiangxing; 50 ♂ 37♀, Wuyishan, Sangang, 12.VII.1960, 4–20.VIII.1979, IX.1979, 16 –20.VIII.1980, 11.IV.–1.VII.1982, 14 –18.IX.1982, 5.VIII.1983, 21.X.2005, 25.VII–15.VIII.2006, 11 –14.VIII.2009, coll. Xue Dayong et al.; 1♀, Wuyishan, Huangxizhou, 500 m, 29.VII.2006, coll. Xie Juan; 1♀, Sanming, 1.IX.1980; 1♀, Wuyishan, Dazhulan, 1150 m, 28.VII.2006, coll. Yang Chao; 1♀, Nanping, Maodi, 3.VII.1981, 1♀, Nanping, Tupu, 5.VIII.1981; 1♀, Jian’ou, Longcun, 18.X.1980; 1 ♂, Jianyang, Huangkeng, 270 m, 30.VI.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin; 2♀, Guadun, 12.VIII.1979, coll. Song Shimei; 1 ♂ 1♀, Huanggangshan, 28.VI.1982, coll. Qi Shicheng & Jiang Fan; 1 ♂, Jiangle, Longqishan, 8.VIII.1991, coll. Song Shimei; 1 ♂, Jiangle, 800 m, 14.IX.1990, coll. Yang Bin; 2 ♂, Nanjing, Huboliao, Xiangxi, 195 m, 22–24.XI.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 2♀, Nanjing, 24–26.VII.1973, coll. Chen Yixin; 3 ♂ 1♀, Shanghang, Meihuashan, Mafang, 1081–1147 m, 3–5.XI.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang. Guangdong ( IZCAS): 1 ♂, VII.1936; 26 ♂ 10♀, Ruyuan, Nanling, Baohuzhan, 1020 m, 16–20.VII.2008, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 23 ♂ 7♀, Shixing, Chebaling, 365–401 m, coll. Chen Fuqiang; 1 ♂ 1♀, Dinghushan, 2–8.IV.1979, coll. Du Shaokun et al.; 1 ♂ 1♀, Lianping, 14–15.V.1973, coll. Zhang Baolin. Hainan ( IZCAS): 4 ♂ 6♀, Baisha, Nankai, Nanmaola, 1261 m, 10–14.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang & Yan Keji; 2 ♂ 2♀, Baisha, Hongkan Shuiku, 553 m, 3–5.V.2009, coll. Chen Fuqiang & Yan Keji; 6 ♂ 7♀, Ledong, Jianfengling, Tianchi, 808–828 m, 1–5.V.2007, 18–22.V.2009, coll. Han Hongxiang et al.; 15 ♂ 20♀, Ledong, Jianfengling, 746–934 m, 19.III–18.IV.1980, 17.XII.1981, 25.III–2.IV.1982, 11 –18.V.1982, 8.IV–4.V.1983, 14 –17.XII.2007, 24.III.2008, 23 –26.XI.2008, 19.V.2009, coll. Zhang Baolin et al.; 7 ♂ 2♀, Bawangling, Dong’er Linchang, 1004–1015 m, 8–10.V.2007, 7.IV.2008, coll. Lang Songyun & Chen Fuqiang; 3 ♂ 3♀, Qiongzhong, Limuling, 620–656 m, 14–15.V.2007, 30.XI.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang & Lang Songyun; 2 ♂ 2♀, Qiongzhong, Limuling, Qijiacun, 657 m, 6–7.IV.2010, coll. Jiang Nan; 6 ♂ 7♀, Lingshui, Diaoluoshan, 920–946 m, 29.III–4.V.2007, 11 –12.XII.2007, 31.III.2008, coll. Han Hongxiang et al.; 7 ♂ 3♀, Wuzhishan, Shuiman, 730–900 m, 8–10.V.2007, coll. Han Hongxiang. Guangxi ( IZCAS): 13 ♂ 15♀, Jinxiu, Shengtangshan, 900–1900 m, 17–18.V.1999, 28–29.VI.2000, coll. Yao Jian et al.; 21 ♂ 50♀, Jinxiu, Luoxiang, 200–400 m, 15–16.V.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang et al.; 8 ♂ 3♀, Jinxiu, Linhai Shanzhuang, 1000 m, 2.VII.2000, coll. Li Wenzhu; 13 ♂ 2♀, Jinxiu, Jinzhong Gonglu, 1000 m, 10–12.V.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang et al.; 2♀, Jinxiu, Lianhuashan, 900 m, 20.V.1999, coll. Li Wenzhu; 1 ♂, Jinxiu, Huawang Shanzhuang, 600 m, 20.V.1999, coll. Liu Dajun; 31 ♂ 26♀, Napo, Defu, 1350 m, 18–19.VI.2000, coll. Li Wenzhu & Yao Jian; 1♀, Napo, Beidou, 550 m, 22.VI.2000, coll. Yao Jian; 7 ♂ 13♀, Shangsi, Hongqi Linchang, 250–300 m, 28–29.V.1999, coll. Liu Dajun et al.; 1 ♂ 1♀, Qinzhou, 5.IV.1980; 1♀, Wuming, Damingshan, 1200 m, 15.VI.1984, coll. Zeng Yufen; 1 ♂, Fangcheng, Banba, 550 m, 4.VI.2000, coll. Yao Jian; 3 ♂ 1♀, Fangcheng, Fulong, 500 m, 23–24.V.1999, coll. Liu Dajun & Li Wenzhu; 7 ♂ 4♀, Jinxiu, Yinshanzhan, 1100 m, 10.V.1999, coll. Li Wenzhu & Liu Dajun; 5 ♂ 11♀, Miao’ershan, 800–1900 m, 2–15.VII.1985, coll. Fang Chenglai; 12 ♂ 7♀, Longsheng, 10–14.VI.1980, coll. Wang Linyao & Song Shimei; 1 ♂, Longsheng, Tianpingshan, 740 m, 3.VI.1963, coll. Wang Chunguang; 2♀, Longsheng, Hongtan, 900 m, 11–14.VI.1963, coll. Wang Chunguang; 2♀, Longsheng, Baiyan, 1150 m, 20.VI.1963, coll. Wang Chunguang; 4 ♂ 1♀, Guilin, 150 m, 19.VII.1976, 8–14.VI.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin et al.; 1 ♂ 1♀, Nanning, Linkesuo, 110 m, 21–26.IV.1984, coll. Wang Jijian & Zhang Jiajun; 1 ♂, Lingchuan, 14.VI.1984. Sichuan ( IZCAS): 19 ♂ 6♀, Emeishan, Qingyinge, 800–1000 m, 15.VI–28.VII.1957, 15 –22.IX.1957, coll. Huang Keren et al.; 2♀, Emeishan, 710 m, 20–21.VI.1979, coll. Gao Ping; 11 ♂ 1♀, Wanxian, Wang’erbao, 1200 m, 10.VII.1993, 11–12.VIII.1993, coll. Huang Runzhi et al.; 1♀, Wulong, 1000 m, 2.VII.1989, coll. Mai Guoqing; 1 ♂ 2♀, Fengdu, Shiping, 200–610 m, 1–2.VI.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu; 1 ♂, Yingjing, Siping, 1100 m, 24.VI.1984, coll. Chen Yixin; 1♀, Dukou, Lanmuqiao, 22.VIII.1980, coll. Zhang Baolin; 1♀, Wushan, Liziping, 1850 m, 3.VII.1993, coll. Li Hongxing; 1 ♂ 1♀, Qingchengshan, 700–1000 m, 29.V–3.VI.1979, coll. Gao Ping & Shang Jinwen. Chongqing ( IZCAS): 2♀, Chongqing, 21–22.VI.1974, coll. Han Yinheng; 1♀, Jinyunshan, 800 m, 14.VI.1994, coll. Li Wenzhu. Guizhou ( IZCAS): 1 ♂ 2♀, Jiangkou, Fanjingshan, 500 m, 11.VII.1988, coll. Li Wei. Yunnan ( IZCAS): 2 ♂ 3♀, Jinping, Hetouzhai, 1700 m, 11–16.V.1956, coll. Huang Keren et al.; 18 ♂ 10♀, Pingbian, Daweishan, 1500 m, 16–21.VI.1956, coll. Huang Keren et al.; 11 ♂ 6♀, Baoshan, Baihualing, 1520 m, 11–13.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang & Lang Songyun; 2 ♂ 2♀, Baoshan, Bawan, 1040–1100 m, 19–23.V.1992, 8–10.VIII.2007, coll. Xue Dayong & Wu Chunguang; 8 ♂ 3♀, Tengchong, Dahaoping, 2020 m, 5–7.VIII.2007, coll. Xue Dayong & Wu Chunguang; 1 ♂ 2♀, Tengchong, Danzha Linchang, 2500 m, 2–4.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 2 ♂ 3♀, Tengchong, Heinitang, 1930 m, 28–30.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 5 ♂ 1♀, Dongfeng Famuchang, 25.IV.1978; 2 ♂ 2♀, Xishuangbanna, Bubang, 700 m, 14.IX.1993, coll. Yang Longlong & Cheng Xinyue; 1 ♂, Daguan, Tianxing, 850 m, 30.VI.1982; 1 ♂, Jingdong, Wuliangshan, 1350 m, 17.V.1982; 1 ♂, Jingdong, Dongjiafen, 1250 m, 23.VI.1956, coll. Zarylyaev; 11 ♂ 1♀, Ruili, Dengga, 980 m, 6–8.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 1♀, Wanding, 700 m, 10.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 1♀, Xiaomenglun, 7.V.1980, coll. Wang Linyao; 1 ♂, Mangshi, 1200 m, 5.V.1980, coll. Song Shimei; 1♀, Lijiang, Yulongshan, 2800 m, 20.VII.1984, coll. Liu Dajun; 1 ♂, Jinghong, Sanchahe, 850 m, 26.IV.1982, coll. Li Wei; 1♀, Xiaocaoba Linchang, 1850 m, 18–25.V.1983, coll. Luo Feiya; 2 ♂ 1♀, Guandu, Longmachang, 1820–2020 m, 19–24.VII.1982, coll. Luo Feiya; 1 ♂, Yiliang, 1950 m, 10.VII.1979, coll. Cao Wenzhong; 1 ♂ 1♀, Dulongjiang, 1500 m, 29.V.2006, coll. Xiao Ningnian. Tibet ( IZCAS): 1♀, Mêdog, Baibung, 880 m, 18.V.1983, coll. Han Yinheng; 3 ♂ 7♀, Mêdog, 1091 m, 20–23.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun; 1 ♂, Mêdog, Aniqiao, 1060 m, 13.VIII.2006, coll. Lang Songyun; 8 ♂ 6♀, Bomi, Tangmai, 2079–2100 m, 29–31.VIII.2005, 29–30.VIII.2006, coll. Wang Xuejian; 2 ♂, Nyingchi, Pêlung, 2115 m, 1.IX.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian; 2 ♂ 1♀, Nyingchi, Zayü, Shang Zayü, 1960 m, 21–23.VIII.2005, coll. Wang Xuejian.

Distribution. China (Jilin, Beijing, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet), Japan, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Indonesia (Borneo).

Remarks. The forewing postmedial line of L. mitorrhaphes sometimes forms a black patch at the anal margin on the upperside ( Fig. 1 ). Bastelberger (1909) named this aberration as ' Luxiaria melanops ab. n.', but he did not link the aberration to any species. Prout (1915) firstly put it under L. contigaria , and Wehrli (1940) placed it under L. mitorrhaphes . ' Luxiaria melanops ' is not an available name under the Code (1999, 4th Edition, Article 45.6.2).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 28. Adults. 1 – 5. Luxiaria mitorrhaphes. 1, male (with a black patch at the anal margin of forewing, Zhejiang); 2, ditto, underside; 3, male (without a black patch at the anal margin of forewing, Zhejiang); 4, female (Fujian); 5, ditto, underside; 6 – 9. L. acutaria. 6, male (Tibet); 7, ditto, underside; 8, female (Tibet); 9, ditto, underside; 10 – 13. L. amasa. 10, male (Tibet); 11, ditto, underside; 12, female (Yunnan); 13, ditto, underside; 14 – 20. L. emphatica. 14, male (holotype, India, BMNH); 15, male (syntype of Luxiaria versiformis, Peninsular Malaysia, BMNH); 16, male (holotype of Luxiaria costinota, Taiwan, BMNH); 17, male (Guangxi); 18, ditto, underside; 19, female (Hainan); 20, ditto, underside; 21 – 24. L. tephrosaria. 21, male (Yunnan); 22, ditto, underside; 23, female (Yunnan); 24, ditto, underside; 25 – 28. L. phyllosaria. 25, male (Guangxi); 26, ditto, underside; 27, female (Hainan); 28, ditto, underside. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURES 48 – 53. Male genitalia. 48, Luxiaria mitorrhaphes; 49, L. acutaria; 50, L. amasa; 51, L. emphatica (holotype, BMNH); 52, Luxiaria emphatica (holotype of Luxiaria costinota, BMNH); 53, L. emphatica. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 65 – 76. Aedeagus. 65, Luxiaria mitorrhaphes; 66, L. acutaria; 67, L. amasa; 68, L. emphatica (holotype, BMNH); 69, Luxiaria emphatica (holotype of Luxiaria costinota, BMNH); 70, L. emphatica; 71, L. tephrosaria; 72, L. phyllosaria; 73, Calletaera obliquata; 74, C. obvia sp. nov. (paratype); 75, C. acuticornuta sp. nov. (paratype); 76, C. rotundicornuta sp. nov. (paratype). Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 77 – 98. Aedeagus and sternites of of male and female abdomen. 77 – 81. Aedeagus. 77, Calletaera consimilaria; 78, C. subexpressa; 79, C. postvittata (BMNH); 80, C. dentata sp. nov. (holotype); 81, C. trigonoprocessus sp. nov. (holotype). Scale bar = 1 mm. 82 – 84. Eighth sternite of male abdomen. 82, Luxiaria phyllosaria; 83, Calletaera obliquata; 84, C. subexpressa. 85 – 98. Seventh sternite of female abdomen. 85, Luxiaria mitorrhaphes; 86, L. acutaria; 87, L. amasa; 88, L. emphatica; 89, L. tephrosaria; 90, L. phyllosaria; 91, Calletaera obliquata; 92, C. obvia sp. nov. (paratype); 93, C. acuticornuta sp. nov. (paratype); 94, C. rotundicornuta sp. nov. (paratype); 95, C. consimilaria; 96, C. subexpressa; 97, C. dentata sp. nov. (paratype); 98, C. trigonoprocessus sp. nov. (paratype).

FIGURES 99 – 106. Female genitalia. 99, Luxiaria mitorrhaphes; 100, L. acutaria; 101, L. amasa; 102, L. emphatica; 103, L. tephrosaria; 104, L. phyllosaria; 105, Calletaera obliquata; 106, C. obvia sp. nov. (paratype). Scale bar = 1 mm.