Notosacantha obscuricornis Borowiec and Takizawa

Borowiec, Lech, Takizawa, Haruo & Świętojańska, Jolanta, 2013, Five new species of Notosacantha Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) from Borneo, with a key to the Bornean species and new faunistic data, Zootaxa 3608 (3), pp. 161-177 : 163-173

Notosacantha obscuricornis Borowiec and Takizawa sp. nov.

( Figs 4–6 , 20 , 25–28 )

Etymology. Named after dark brown to black antennae.

Type material. Holotype: “ Malaysia SABAH/Kinabalu Park, HQ/Ranau/16,17. XI.2007 /H. Takizawa” “ H. Takizawa Coll./No. CA 26” (ITPC); paratype: “ Malaysia SABAH/Mesilau summit tr./ 2000-2300 m Ranau/ 31.I.2009 /H. Takizawa” (HTM); paratype: “ MALAYSIA: Sabah/Mt. Kinabalu/Pinosuk Plateau 5225 ft./ 14- 17.iii.1964 ” “COLLECTION Lukáš Sekerka/Liberec CZECH REPUBLIC ” (LSL).

Diagnosis. See diagnosis of N. flaviventris sp. nov. At first glance N. obscuricornis sp. nov. looks very similar but differs in antennae uniformly coloured from brown to black ( N. flaviventris sp. nov.: antennae are uniformly yellowish or segments 1–7 yellow and antennal club infuscate), explanate margin completely black or with small yellow, round spot before middle ( N. flaviventris sp. nov.: explanate margin is mostly black but with reddish extreme, elevated margin), and black frontal plate ( N. flaviventris : yellowish red). Body outline in N. obscuricornis sp. nov. is more regular, widest at or slightly in front of midlength, while in N. flaviventris sp. nov. the maximum width is slightly behind the middle.

Description. Length: 5.05–5.75 mm, width: 4.50–4.75 mm, length of pronotum: 1.50–1.65 mm, width of pronotum: 3.40–3.70 mm, length/width ratio: 1.12–1.22, width/length ratio of pronotum: 2.21–2.31. Body almost circular ( Fig. 4 ).

Dorsum in holotype black, but in front of the middle of explanate margin of elytra, close to marginal row, with small, round, impunctate yellow fenestrate spot ( Fig. 4 ); paratypes with dorsum completely black, without impunctate, fenestrate spots, extreme margin of pronotum and elytra also black. Frontal plate black. Clypeus black. In holotype all ventrites and legs yellow; in paratype from Pinosuk Plateau, pro- and mesosternum brown, metasternum yellow, legs yellow brown with slightly more infuscate apex of femora and external margin of tibiae; in paratype from Mesilau, pro- and mesosternum black, metasternum mostly black with yellowish anterior intercoxal process and yellowish brown lateral plates, abdomen yellowish, legs mostly brownish black except yellow brown coxae and trochanters. Antennae uniformly brown to black ( Fig. 6 ).

Pronotum with regularly rounded sides, widest at base, basal corners angulate, anterior emargination deep, head well visible from above. Disc moderately convex, with indistinct transverse median and distinct basal impressions, on top impunctate, but antero-lateral and basal impressions more or less punctate, especially paratype specimen from Mt. Kinabalu has strongly punctate impressions. Base of elytra as wide as or slightly wider than base of pronotum. Disc mostly without costae, with isolated tubercles, only lateral and humeral costae form rudimentary, isolated folds. Basal, sub-basal, principal and apical tubercles well marked but low, sub-basal and principal tubercles in profile not or only slightly higher than elevated suture ( Figs 5 , 26 ). Costa ultima and furca interna reduced to small tubercles ( Fig. 27 ).

Frontal plate broad, extended laterally to half width of eyes, its anterior margin truncate to slightly convex with deep median cleft. Clypeus deeply impressed with more or less developed median carina. Sides of impressed clypeal plate at basal half run close to eyes, then converging in obtuse triangle ( Fig. 20 ). Labrum very shallowly emarginate.

Antennae stout, segments 9–10 of club approximately 1.6 times as wide as long, club 0.36 times as long as pedicel, length ratio of antennal segments: 100:48:47:70:67:63:62:48:43:40:60, segment 3 approximately as long as segment 2, segment 4 approximately 1.5 times as long as segment 3 ( Figs 6 , 28 ).

Notosacantha flavosuturata Ś wi ę toja ń ska and Takizawa sp. nov. ( Figs 13–16 , 37–40 )

Etymology. Named after the yellowish sutural area of elytral disc.

Type material. Holotype: “ Malaysia SABAH/Poring Park/Ranau/ 25-26.II.2008 /H. Takizawa” “CA 31” (ITPC); paratype: “ Malaysia SABAH/Poring Park/Ranau/ 4-5.VII.2009 /H. Takizawa” (HTM); paratype: “N. BORNEO/KUDAT/ 15.IX.1927 ” (LSL).

Diagnosis. Notosacantha flavosuturata sp. nov. belongs to the group of species with complete set of dorsal costae, complete apical costa, principal tubercle well marked, with anterior and posterior branch of dorsal costa converging to the same point, furca interna complete and connected with lateral costa, and costa ultima complete. The group also includes N. appropinquans (Spaeth, 1913) , N. bryanti (Spaeth, 1926) , N. calligera (Spaeth, 1921) , N. diabolica Świętojańska, 2001 , N. horrifica (Boheman, 1856) and N. severini (Spaeth, 1913) . Last two species distinctly differ with sides of pronotum narrowly rounded while in the remaining species they are more or less broadly rounded. They are also separated geographically, known only from India and Ceylon while remaining species occur only in Borneo. Notosacantha bryanti distinctly differs in having very high principal tubercle, at least twice higher than basal width, while in N. flavosuturata sp. nov., it is at most as wide as high. Notosacantha appropinquans differs in uniformly yellowish red explanate margin of elytra, without darker spots, and elytral disc unicolorous or at most with costae and tubercles partly darkened, while N. flavosuturata sp. nov. has more or less distinct humeral and posterolateral spots and bicolored elytral disc. Notosacantha diabolica differs in completely black elytral disc and explanate margin of elytra mostly black with small, yellow fenestrate spot before the middle and yellowish extreme lateral margin. Notosacantha calligera is the most similar but differs in slightly stouter body with elytral sides slightly more converging posterad, elytral disc mostly black with only area between humeral costae yellowish red (except dark basal tubercles), occasionally yellow extends to base of principal tubercles. Posterolateral spots of explanate margin in N. calligera usually occupies more than posterior 1/3 space of the margin while in N. flavosuturata sp. nov. they are narrow, occupying at most posterior 1/4 space of explanate margin.

Description. Length: 5.20–5.80 mm, width: 4.55–4.90 mm, length of pronotum: 1.60–1.70 mm, width of pronotum: 3.75–4.15 mm, length/width ratio: 1.14–1.20, width/length ratio of pronotum: 2.34–2.21. Body oval ( Fig. 13 ).

Pronotum uniformly yellow, or with oblique punctate impressions on top of disc slightly infuscate, or with both oblique and basal punctate impressions of disc brownish. Scutellum uniform yellow or with narrowly infuscate margins. Elytral disc bicolored, in holotype lateral and apical parts bordered ventrally by humeral and dorsal costae completely black, area surrounded by furca interna, apical and dorsal costae basally with reddish spot, area between humeral costae yellowish except blackish bases of basal tubercles, and sutural area between dorsal costae up to apical tubercles yellowish, marginal row of punctures on apex of disc yellow; in paratype from Kudat, area between costa ultima and apical part of dorsal costa brownish, and area between furca interna and marginal row with brownish yellow spot of diffused borders. Explanate margin of elytra mostly yellowish with more or less marked reddish to brown humeral and postero-lateral spots not extending to extreme margin of elytra; in holotype both spots are distinct, brown, extending to marginal row of punctures of explanate margin, humeral spot at base narrow, then with hammer-shaped extension apically, area placed antero-laterally to humeral callus yellow, postero-lateral spot broad, of same width on whole length; in paratype from Poring Park both spots are shortened, humeral spot only at base brown and with hammer-shaped extension only slightly darker than yellow background, postero-lateral spot darkest basally and gradually turn paler towards apex; in paratype from Kudat both spots are indistinctly marked as infuscate spaces between punctures, only at area close to border of disc distinctly darker. Head, frontal plate, clypeus, ventrites and legs yellow. Antennae yellow with only slightly darker club and two basal segments ( Fig. 15 ).

Pronotum with broadly rounded sides, widest at base, basal corners angulate, anterior emargination deep, head well visible from above. Disc moderately convex, with distinct, punctate, transverse median and basal impressions, on top impunctate. Base of elytra almost as wide as base of pronotum. Disc with almost complete set of costae ( Figs 13 , 37 ), dorsal costa only narrowly interrupted between basal and sub-basal tubercles. Anterior and posterior branches of principal tubercle converging at one point. Basal, sub-basal, principal and apical tubercles well marked, moderately high, distinctly higher than elevated suture ( Fig. 38 ). Principal tubercle the highest, almost as high as basal width, sharp on top. Furca interna complete, connected with lateral costa outside the top of principal tubercle, thus the top of principal tubercle with four carinae. Costa ultima complete ( Fig. 40 ).

Frontal plate narrow, not extended laterally with converging sides, its anterior margin regularly rounded with triangular median cleft. Clypeus deeply impressed with indistinct median keel. Sides of impressed clypeal plate almost straight, run in distance from eyes and converging in sharp triangle ( Fig. 19 ). Labrum very shallowly emarginate.

Antennae slim, segments 9–10 of club approximately 1.2 times as wide as long, club 0.40 times as long as pedicel, length ratio of antennal segments: 100:52:42:71:71:45:45:42:46:46:64, segment 3 approximately 0.80 times as long as segment 2, segment 4 approximately 1.7 times as long as segment 3 ( Figs 15 , 39 ).

Notosacantha minuta Ś wietoja ń ska and Takizawa sp. nov. ( Figs 10–12 , 18 , 33–36 )

Etymology. Named after its small size. Notosacantha curta (Spaeth) (4.10–4.35 mm) and N. minuta (4.1 mm) are the smallest Bornean members of the genus.

Type material. Holotype: “ Malaysia SABAH/UMS hill/Kota Kinabalu/ 29.VIII.2007 /H. Takizawa” “H. Takizawa Coll./No. CA 25” (ITPC).

Diagnosis. Notosacantha minuta sp. nov. belongs to the group of species with complete apical and dorsal costae, but with anterior and posterior branches of dorsal costa converging in different points, and explanate margin of elytra unicolored, without darker spots or infuscate in posterior half. Other members of the group are N. dohrni Świetojańska, 2001 , N. ginpinensis Chen et Zia, 1961 , N. sandakanensis Świetojańska, 2001 , N. sabahensis Borowiec et Świętojańska, 1999 , N. siamensis (Spaeth, 1933) , and N. singaporica (Spaeth, 1913) . Notosacantha siamensis distinctly differs in elongate body and absence of furca interna. Notosacantha dohrni differs in larger size, with length 5.0- 5.4 mm and uniformly yellow body ( N. minuta is 4.1 mm long and its dorsum is black with reddish yellow margins). Notosacantha sandakanensis differs in length 5.0 mm and bicoloured elytral disc with sutural part yellowish red and lateral parts black. Notosacantha sabahensis differs in length 5.0 mm, elytral disc reddish and incomplete furca interna distinct only in basal half. Notosacantha singaporica differs in length 4.5 mm, slightly more elongate body and explanate margin of elytra almost black with only extreme margin reddish. Notosacantha ginpinensis is the most similar but differs in distinct costa ultima supplemented by small tubercle (in N. minuta sp. nov. costa ultima forms only isolated fold).

Description. Length: 4.10 mm, width: 3.35 mm, length of pronotum: 1.10 mm, width of pronotum: 2.85 mm, length/width ratio: 1.22, width/length ratio of pronotum: 2.59. Body almost rectangular ( Fig. 10 ).

Pronotal disc brown with paler lateral parts and yellowish short, median, basal line. Explanate margin of pronotum reddish-yellow, gradually paler from area along pronotal disc to extreme margin. Scutellum yellowish with infuscate margins. Elytral disc black with brownish red elevated suture. Explanate margin of elytra mostly reddish with paler, reddish yellow to yellow extreme margin, no humeral or postero-lateral spots. Head, frontal plate, clypeus, ventrites, and legs uniformly yellow. Antennae yellow ( Fig. 12 ).

Pronotum with broadly rounded sides, widest slightly before base, basal corners angulate, anterior emargination deep, head well visible from above. Disc moderately convex, with distinct transverse median and basal impressions, on top impunctate, median impressions only with few punctures, basal impression punctate on whole length. Base of elytra as wide as base of pronotum. Disc with almost complete set of costae ( Figs 10 , 33 ), but without distinct tubercles. Anterior and posterior branches of principal tubercle connected with principal point more externally than posterior branch. Basal, subbasal, principal and apical tubercles form only slightly elevated folds, not higher than elevated suture ( Figs 11 , 34 ). Furca interna complete, connected with lateral costa outside the top of principal tubercle, thus the top of principal tubercle with four carinae. Costa ultima well marked but its part close to apical costa very low thus appears incomplete ( Fig. 33 ).

Frontal plate narrow, not extended laterally with converging sides, its anterior margin regularly rounded with deep triangular median cleft, anterior margin serrate. Clypeus deeply impressed with median keel. Sides of impressed clypeal plate only at base run close to eyes, then strongly converging in sharp triangle ( Fig. 18 ). Labrum very shallowly emarginate.

Antennae stout, segments 9–10 of club approximately 1.8 times as wide as long, club 0.52 times as long as pedicel, length ratio of antennal segments: 100:57:39:50:62:53:64:68:50:60:75, segment 3 approximately 0.68 times as long as segment 2, segment 4 approximately 1.3 times as long as segment 3 ( Figs 12 , 36 ).

Notosacantha ovoidea Borowiec and Ś wi ę toja ń ska sp. nov. ( Figs 7–9 , 17 , 29–32 )

Etymology. Named after its ovoid body outline.

Type material. Holotype: “ Malaysia SABAH/Gn. Alab, Crocker R./Park Tambunan/ 7.II.2008 /H. Takizawa” “H. Takizawa Coll./No. CA 24” (ITPC); paratype: “ Malaysia SABAH/Gn. Alab, Crocker R./Park Tambunan/ 21- 23.III.2010 /H. Takizawa” (HTM); “ Malaysia SABAH/Gn. Alab, Crocker R./Park Tambunan/ 30.V.2010 /H. Takizawa” (DBET).

Diagnosis. A very distinct species. It belongs to the group of species with large size (body length above 7 mm) and partly reduced costae, but with almost complete dorsal costa. The group comprises only N. nigropicea (Spaeth, 1915) and N. ovoidea sp. nov. The first species distinctly differs in body outline rather rectangular than ovoidal and dorsum almost completely black except reddish extreme margins and black clypeus. Notosacantha obscura (Wagener, 1881) from Sulawesi has also large size and partly reduced costae but distinctly differs in dorsal costa present only posterior of the top of principal tubercle and forming straight angle with lateral costa, thus basal and postbasal tubercles completely isolated. Notosacantha ovoidea sp. nov. is the largest Oriental species of the genus Notosacantha .

Description. Length: 7.75–8.60 mm, width: 6.95–7.50 mm, length of pronotum: 2.15–2.30 mm, width of pronotum: 5.30–5.55 mm, length/width ratio: 1.12–1.15, width/length ratio of pronotum: 2.37–2.46. In size next to N. circumdata , the largest Bornean species of the genus Notosacantha . Body ovoid ( Fig. 7 ).

Pronotal disc brown to black, except reddish anterior and antero-lateral margins. Explanate margin of pronotum reddish, only extreme margin yellowish. Scutellum black. Elytral disc dark reddish brown, only marginal interval reddish. Explanate margin of elytra reddish with paler, reddish yellow to yellow extreme margin, no humeral or postero-lateral spots. Interocular space reddish to brown with short, darker brown median line, frontal plate, clypeus, ventrites, and legs uniformly yellow, antennae yellow with yellowish brown club ( Fig. 9 ).

Pronotum with regularly rounded sides, widest at base, basal corners angulate, anterior emargination deep, head well visible from above, anterior margin without serration. Disc moderately convex, with distinctly punctate, transverse median and basal impressions, on top impunctate, on sides with punctate anterior and basal impressions. Base of elytra wider than base of pronotum. Disc with incomplete set of costae, without distinct tubercles ( Figs 7 , 29 ), dorsal costa long but interrupted between basal and subbasal, and between principal and apical tubercles, principal point without lateral and sutural costae, lateral costa forms only isolated fold on sides of disc. Basal, subbasal, principal and apical tubercles marked only as low elevation of dorsal costa, in profile not or only slightly higher than elevated suture ( Figs 8 , 30 ). Furca interna absent, apical costa indistinct, interrupted in middle, costa ultima and furca externa rudimentary ( Fig. 31 ).

Frontal plate very broad, extended laterally to half width of eyes, its anterior margin almost truncate with narrow median cleft. Clypeus deeply impressed, with median carina. Sides of impressed clypeal plate at 1/3 basal length run close to eyes, then converging in sharp triangle ( Fig. 17 ). Labrum very shallowly emarginate.

Antennae slim, segments 9–10 of club approximately 1.3 times as wide as long, club 0.33 times as long as pedicel, length ratio of antennal segments: 100:53:58:98:77:63:54:42:37:42:58, segment 3 slightly longer than segment 2, segment 4 approximately 1.7 times as long as segment 3 ( Figs 9 , 32 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 6. 1 – 3, Notosacantha flaviventris sp. nov. 1. dorsal view; 2. lateral view; 3. antenna. 4 – 6, Notosacantha obscuricornis sp. nov. 4. dorsal view; 5. lateral view; 6. antenna.

FIGURES 17 – 20. Head. 17. Notosacantha ovoidea sp. nov.; 18. Notosacantha minuta sp. nov.; 19. Notosacantha flaviventris sp. nov.; 20. Notosacantha obscuricornis sp. nov.

FIGURES 21 – 28. 21 – 24, Notosacantha flaviventris sp. nov. 21. dorsal view; 22. lateral view; 23. posterior view; 24. antenna. 25 – 28, Notosacantha obscuricornis sp. nov. 25. dorsal view; 26. lateral view; 27. posterior view; 28. antenna.

FIGURES 13 – 16. Notosacantha flavosuturata sp. nov. 13. dorsal view; 14. lateral view; 15. antenna; 16. head.

FIGURES 37 – 40. Notosacantha flavosuturata sp. nov. 37. dorsal view; 38. lateral view; 39. posterior view; 40. antenna.

FIGURES 7 – 12. Notosacantha ovoidea sp. nov. 7. dorsal view; 8. lateral view; 9. antenna. FIGURES 10 - 12. Notosacantha minuta sp. nov. 10. dorsal view; 11. lateral view; 12. antenna.

FIGURES 29 – 36. 29 – 32, Notosacantha ovoidea sp. nov. 29. dorsal view; 30. lateral view; 31. posterior view; 32. antenna. 33 – 36, Notosacantha minuta sp. nov. 33. dorsal viev; 34. lateral viev; 35. posterior view; 36. antenna.