Pristocera, Klug, 1808

Azevedo, Celso O., Alencar, Isabel D. C. C. & Colombo, Wesley D., 2018, Pairs in copulation of the highly dimorphic genus Pristocera Klug (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Madagascar solve taxonomic problems of male-female associations, Zootaxa 4433 (1), pp. 1-49 : 3-4

Key to species of Pristocera from Madagascar for males

1. Mandible with four distal teeth........................................................................... 2

- Mandible with five distal teeth........................................................................... 4

2. Petiole very setose in ventral view (Fig. 9D); hypopygium with inner margin not dentate (Fig. 9I); genitalia with apical lobes long, ocuppying more than apical half of aedeagus; lateral margin of aedeagus parallel (Fig. 9J–K)...... P. julieni sp. nov.

- Petiole glabrous in ventral view ( Fig. 13E ); hypopygium with inner margin dentate, at least partially ( Figs 13J , 21F ); genitalia with apical lobes short, ocuppying less than apical half of aedeagus; lateral margin of aedeagus sinouos ( Fig. 13K )........ 3

3. Petiole with midlength 4.0 × midwidth; hypopygeal chamber with latero-basal margin somewhat angled ( Fig. 21F ); paramere shorter than basiparamere; subbifid, apical margin strongly emarginated, digitiform process absent ( Fig. 21G–H ).............................................................................................. P. levicolllis (Kieffer)

- Petiole with midlength 5.0 × midwidth; hypopygeal chamber with latero-basal margin smoothly curved ( Fig. 13J ); paramere longer than basiparamere; apical margin outcurved, digitiform process present, thin, very short ( Fig. 13K–L ).................................................................................................. P. mauricei sp. nov.

4. Petiole very long and tubular, midlength 6.5 × midwidth ( Fig. 17E ); hypopygium with apical third abruptly narrower than base ( Fig. 17K ); paramere without digitiform process; aedeagus subcircular ( Fig. 17L–M )................... P. teetsi sp. nov.

- Petiole never so long and tubular, midlength 5.0 × midwidth at maximum; hypopygium with apex somewhat narrower than base; paramere with digitiform process; aedeagus generally subconical........................................... 5

5. Basivolsella ventral surface folded....................................................................... 6

- Basivolsella ventral surface smooth...................................................................... 7

6. Hypopygium with apex beak-like (Fig. 5K); paramere with digitiform process curved upward (Fig. 5L)... P. martyi sp. nov.

- Hypopygium with apex hook-like ( Fig. 15J ); paramere with digitiform process not curved upward ( Fig. 15K )................................................................................................. P. makungai sp. nov.

7. Hypopygium with apex hook-like (Fig. 3K)..................................................... P. alexi sp. nov.

- Hypopygium with apex beak-like (Fig. 1K)................................................................ 8

8. Parameral apex very curved inward; digitiform process apical in dorsal view ( Fig. 23 J–K ); apical margin with small spine in ventral view ( Fig. 23 K ); dorsal margin sinuous ( Fig. 23 J )............................................ P. cambouei

- Parameral apex not curved inward; digitiform process placed subapically in dorsal view; apical margin without small spine in ventral view; dorsal margin convex....................................................................... 9

9. Parameral apical margin at least somewhat concave (Fig. 1M; 19 L)............................................ 10

- Parameral apical margin convex ( Fig. 11J )................................................................. 11

10. Parameral apical margin strongly concave (Fig. 1M).......................................... P. melmani sp. nov.

- Parameral apical margin somewhat concave ( Fig. 19L ).......................................... P. zubai sp. nov.

11. Paramere very expanded in dorsal view, about 2.0 × basiparamere width ( Fig. 11I ).................... P. morti sp. nov.

- Paramere moderately large expanded in dorsal view, about 1.4 × basiparamere width (Fig. 7H).......... P. gloriae sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURE 11. Pristocera morti, ♂. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Pronotum, lateral view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, ventral view. E. Metasomal petiole, ventral view. F. Mesopleuron, lateral view. G. Forewing. H. Hypopygium, inner view. I. Genitalia, dorsal view. J. Genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars: 100 µm.

FIGURE 13. Pristocera mauricei, ♂. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, ventral view. E. Metasomal petiole, ventral view. F. Pronotum, lateral view. G. Mesopleuron, lateral view. H. Forewing. I. Hamuli, hind wing. J. Hypopygium, inner view. K. Genitalia, dorsal view. L. Genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars: 100 µm.

FIGURE 15. Pristocera makungai, ♂. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, ventral view. E. Metasomal petiole, ventral view. F. Pronotum, lateral view. G. Mesopleuron, lateral view. H. Forewing. I. Hamuli, hind wing. J. Hypopygium, inner view. K. Genitalia, dorsal view. L. Genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars: 100 µm.

FIGURE 17. Pristocera teetsii, ♂. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, ventral view. E. Metasomal petiole, ventral view. F. Pronotum, lateral view. G. Mesopleuron, lateral view. H. Forewing. I. Hamuli, hind wing. J. First abdominal spiracle, dorso-lateral view. K. Hypopygium, inner view. L. Genitalia, dorsal view. M. Genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars: 500 µm, except 200 µm for J and 100 µm for C, D, H, K–M.

FIGURE 19. Pristocera zubai, ♂. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, ventral view. E. Metasomal petiole, ventral view. F. Pronotum, lateral view. G. Mesopleuron, lateral view. H. Forewing. I. Hamuli, hind wing. J. Hypopygium, inner view. K. Genitalia, dorsal view. L. Genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars: 500 µm, except 100 µm for J–L.

FIGURE 21. Pristocera levicollis, ♂. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible, frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, ventral view. E. Forewing. F. Hypopygium, inner view. G. Genitalia, dorsal view. H. Genitalia, ventral view. Scale bars: 100 µm, except 200 µm for A, C, D, and 500 µm for E.

FIGURE 23. Lectotype of Pristocera cambouei, ♂. A. Head, dorsal view. B. Mandible, latero-frontal view. C. Mesosoma, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, ventral view. E. Forewing. F. Hind wing. G. Tarsal claws. H. Mesopleuron, lateral view. I. Hypopygium, inner view. J. Genitalia, dorsal view. K. Genitalia, ventral view. L. Labels. Scale bars: 100 µm, except 50 µm for B, G, H and 200 µm for E.