Geranium ocellatum Cambessèdes

Hurrah, Imtiyaz A., Shukla, Aparna R. & Wagh, Vijay V., 2023, Occurrence of Geranium mascatense (Geraniaceae) in India and the speculations about its global distribution, Phytotaxa 598 (3), pp. 206-218 : 208-213

Geranium ocellatum Cambessèdes in Jacquem., Voy. Inde 4: 33, Tab. 38. 1841.

TYPE:— INDIA. Jammu & Kashmir, Pentapotamide , pagum Sera , 33°38′N, 73°58′E, 26–27 Apr. 1831, V. Jacquemont s. n. (lectotype: P! designated by Kokwaro, 1971 a: 643; isolectotypes: K! MPU!)

( Figs. 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 ).

Herbaceous, ascending to erect, annual. Rootstock stout, compressed, completely crowded by ascending shoots, basal leaf petioles and stipules. Tape root up to 5.5 cm long, vertical-oblique, woody, smooth bearing thin roots. Stem clothed with pilose ca. 3 mm long, spreading eglandular hairs, 0.3–0.4 mm long, retrose not appressed, curved, dense, eglandular hairs and upper half with 0.15–0.45 mm long, spreading, glandular hairs. Stipules 1–2.5 mm long, lanceolate-subulate, sometimes bifid at apex, abaxially with few scattered eglandular hairs, adaxially glabrous, margins with pilose 1.1–2.5 mm long eglandular hairs and 0.2–0.7 mm long, eglandular hairs. Leaf opposite; petiole 1–8 cm long, covered with retrorse, curved, slightly dense 0.2–0.35 mm long, eglandular hairs, long patent, 1.4–2.5 mm long, pilose, eglandular hairs and 0.1–0.4 mm long, spreading glandular hairs; lamina 0.9–2.1 × 1–2.5 mm, reinform-polygonal, palmatipartite (ratio of main sinus length/middle segment length 0.57– 0.66), 5 segments, obtriangular, middle segment width at base 1.2–4.0 mm, 7–12 lobes, either short or as long as broad, acute-obtuse (ratio of 2 nd sinus length/ middle segment length 0.14–0.20), eglandular hairs along the veins, sometimes glandular hairs on upper surface, papillose type eglandular hairs absent. Inflorescence monochasial cyme, cymule solitary bear 1 or 2 pedicilate flowers, sometimes umbelled without peduncles; peduncles (0-) 1–8 cm long, with 0.2–0.5 mm long retrorse, curved eglandular hairs and 0.1–0.3 mm long, spreading glandular hairs; bracteoles 1.5–3.4 × 0.3–0.6 mm, lanceolate, ciliate margins, adaxially glabrous, abaxially with eglandular hairs; pedicel 0.2–3 cm long with 0.1–0.3 mm long, retrose, not appressed, curved eglandular hairs and spreading 0.2–0.45 mm long glandular hairs. Flowers actinomorphic with black spot at base. Sepal 4.1–4.8 × 1.7–3.6 mm, lanceolate, not accrescent, margins curving inwards, lateral veins slightly crenate, mucro 0.5–0.65 mm long with few hairs, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxially with 1.1–3 mm long eglandular hairs, 0.1–0.3 mm, sparse, eglandular hairs and 0.25–0.5 mm long, glandular hairs along the veins, margins without cilia. Petals 7.8–9 × 5.6–6.2 mm, obovate, with dark purple spot at base, apex slightly dented 0.15–0.25 mm deep notch, both surfaces glabrous, margins at base ciliate up to 1–2 mm length. Stamens 10 in 2 whorls; filaments 2.6–3.1 × 0.3–0.35 mm, roughly lanceolate, dilated at base up to middle half tapering smoothly into narrow apex, glabrous; anthers 0.8–1.0 mm long. Nectaries five glabrous. Gynoecium 3.4–4 mm long. Fruit 10–17 mm long; mericarp 2–2.5 mm long, beaked, 10–12 slightly prominent ridges, glabrous; rostrum with 0.2 mm long puberulent eglandular hairs, narrowed apex (0-) 0.4 mm long; stigmatic remains 0.5 mm long. Seeds oblong 1.6–1.8 mm long, surface reticulate.

Specimens examined:— INDIA. Uttarakhand: Dehradun, near Dear Park 25 February 1970, H.B. Naithani 1519 (DD!), 8007 (DD!); Mussoorie, Camels backroad, 1828.8 m, March 1939, M.B. Raizada 79177 (DD!); Mussoorie, near Oak Grove School, Jaripani, 10 February 1960, Hari Om Saxena 257 (DD!); Mussoorie, March 1897, J.F. Duthie 108 (DD!), Garhwal, Pauri, 1600 m, March 1976, S.C. Tiwari 22 A (DD!); Dehradun, Achiwala, 02 March 1934, M.B. Raizada 65352 (DD!); Dehradun, 1869, G. King (CAL!); Dehradun, Jaunsar, 1828.8 m, 12 May 1893, J.F. Duthie 12969 (CAL!, DD!); Kathion Jaunsar, 26 April 1904, K. S. Hola H30950 (DD!); Dehradun Mussoorie, 12 April 1969 (CAL!); Mussoorie, 1524–1828.8 m, April 1892, J.F. Duthie (CAL!); Kumaon, Bhalnety, 1219.2 m, 13 March 1913, N. Gill 549 (CAL!). Himachal Pradesh: Kulu district, Kasol, 1524 m, May 1928, C. Pukayastha 46609 (DD!); Chamba, 900 m, 11 March 1986, Harinder 14169 ( PUN!); Shimla, below Annandale, 1828.8 m, 28 March 1886, E.R. Johnson 67678 (CAL!); Amandale 6500 ft., 28 April 1878, J. S. Gamble 5896B (DD!); Dharmsala, Tirund, McLeod Gunj, 14 April 1964, A.K. Dutt 9776 (RRLH!). Manipur: Khongui Valley, 1524 m, April 1882, George Watt 6313 (CAL!). Punjab: Nairi forest, 20 April 1972, O.P. Mishra 47132 (CAL!); Kulu, Hall Estate Naggar, 6000 ft, 13 April 1931, Walter Koelz 1845 (FRI); Hoshierpur, 07 March 1850, I. Ali (DD!). Jharkhand: Chota Nagpur, Hazaribagh, Parasnath, 1280.16 m, 06 October 1883, C.B. Clarke 33671 (CAL!); Parasnath, 1219.2 m, 12 April 1884, C.B. Clarke 34737 (CAL!); Parasnath hills, 05 October 1956, V. Chandra and Party 34050 ( LWG!); Parasnath hills, 04 October 1956, V. Chandra and Party 33488 ( LWG!); Giridih, Parasnath W. L. S, 20 September 2002, Vinay Ranjan & K. L. Maity 31834 (CAL!); Parasnath W. L. S, 24 November 2003, Vinay Ranjan & K. L. Maity 33719 (CAL!). Madhya Pradesh: Bilaspur, Kabir Chabutra to Chauradadar, February 1972, G. Panigrahi 15226 (CAL!). Chattisgarh:Ambikapur, Sabag-Sita nala, 750 m, 20 February 1976, G. Sen Gupta 24069 ( BSA!); Sabag, 950 m, 21 February 1976, G. Sen Gupta 24076 ( BSA!); Sita gheria, 780 m, 19 March 1974, G. Sen Gupta 18992 ( BSA!), Borwabodar jungle, 1000 m, 28 November 1972, G. Sen Gupta 15969 ( BSA!). Bihar: Netarhat, S.R. Paul 80531 ( LWG!). Maharashtra: Amravati, Chikalda, 04 February 1959, Balapure and party 57772 ( LWG!). Jammu & Kashmir: Jammu, Nandani, 30 March 1970, B.M. Sharma 451 (RRLH!); Jammu, Ramnagar, 27 April 1951, K. S. Ahluwalia 1750 (RRLH!); Domel, 07 April 1961, A.K. Dutt 6967 (RRLH!); Basohli, 28 April 1957, S. N. Sobti 5830 (RRLH!); Kud, 5000 ft, 04 March 1960, E.K. Janaki Ammal 10641 (RRLH!); Poonch, 26 March 1945 (RRLH!); Udhampur, 31 March 1981, S.K. Raina SKR 807 & SKR393 (KASH!); Pathankot, Dunera, 700 m, 28 March 1988, M. Sharma 14339 ( PUN!); Rajgarh, 1640 m, 30 October 1993, H. Kaur 18930 ( PUN!); Adh Kanwari, 25 March 1978, S.K. Kapur 14545 (RRLH!); Kashmir, Srinagar, 28 June 1946, 389 (RRLH!); Chattrhama, July 1982, G.H. Dar 5610 (KASH!); Burzhome, 08 July 1979, Mahay Krishan 842 (KASH!); Yari khah, 26 May 1951, L.D. Kapoor 1927 (RRLH!). PAKISTAN. Kashmir: Poonch, Taulipur, 2438.4 m, 24 April 1953, Stewart & Nasir 25584 (DD!); Azad Kashmir: Nakial beyond Kotti, above 1524 m, 20 April 1954, R.R. Stewart 27409 (DD!). NEPAL. Palpa: Basani Khola, 1680 m, 01 March 1976, N.P. Manandher & P.M. Regmi 52 (CAL!).

Specimens of G. ocellatum identified as Geranium mascatense in different Indian herbaria

INDIA. Madhya Pradesh: Laxman Dhara , 02 January 2005, S. L. Bandya & A. N. Shukla 62098 ( BSA!); Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve, Patalkot, 05 February 2004, Parul Sharma 59680 ( BSA!). Uttarakhand: Uttarkashi, Naitwar, near Gaichwan village , 1550 m, T. S. Rana 216005 ( LWG!); Rarhi-Barkot road, 2100 m, 17 March 2013, Rohit Kumar 34364 ( PUN!); Barkot-Ponti road, 1180 m, 16 March 2013, Rohit Kumar 34363 ( PUN!)

Figures

FIGURE 1. A. Habit; B. Leaf outline of G. ocellatum; C. Habit; D. Leaf outline of G. mascatense.

FIGURE 2.A. Mericarp; C. Seeds; E. Leaf lobe; G. Stipule; I. Indumentum of leaf surface of G. ocellatum; B. Mericarp; D. Seeds; F. Leaf lobe; H. Stipule; J. Indumentum of leaf Surface of G. mascatense.

FIGURE 4. A. Habit; B. Ventral view of sepal; C. Sepal; D. Fruit; E. Leaf; F. Indumentum of leaf surface; G. Staminal filament; H. Stipule; I. Flower of G. ocellatum.

FIGURE 5. A. Dorsal view of mericarp of G. ocellatum; B. Dorsal view of mericarp of G. mascatense; C. Details of the mericarp surface of G. ocellatum; D. Detail of the mericarp of G. mascatense.