Ephemera (Sinephemera) shengmi Hsu, 1937

Tiunova, Tatiana M., 2024, Egg morphology of six East Palaearctic species of the genus Ephemera Linnaeus (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae), Zootaxa 5497 (3), pp. 381-399 : 392

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5497.3.4
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BFEC2071-EFCF-4489-93AD-18F3B0DCDBC6
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13618930
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/970A878D-FFA1-0E18-FF22-FD88CF36F8DF
treatment provided by	Plazi (2024-08-30 14:03:24, last updated 2024-11-27 08:36:43)
scientific name	Ephemera (Sinephemera) shengmi Hsu, 1937
status

Treatment

Figures 31–37 View FIGURES 31–34 View FIGURES 35–37

Material examined. Russia: Primorsky Krai, Ussuriysky district, Razdolnaya River, above Zarechnoe village , 04.08.2007, 2 ♀ adults, T. Tiunova; Khankaisky district , Lake Khanka , Przhevalsky spit, 12.08.2002, 10♀ adults, T. Tiunova .

Distribution. South of the Russian Far East, China.

The egg is oval ( Figs 31–32 View FIGURES 31–34 , 35–36 View FIGURES 35–37 ). Dimensions: 224.0–255.0 µm in length (239.9 µm) and 130.0–142.0 µm in width (136.3 µm). The extrachorion-adhesive layer is thin, 0.5–1.2 μm; therefore, the surface of the adhesive layer partially follows the sculpture of the chorion ( Figs 31–32 View FIGURES 31–34 , 35 View FIGURES 35–37 ). In the equatorial area, there are one to two micropyles per egg ( Figs 31–32 View FIGURES 31–34 , 35 View FIGURES 35–37 ).

Eggs are characterized by a linear-type micropyle ( Koss and Edmunds 1974). In this type of micropyle, there is no sperm guide, and the micropylar canal is relatively short and protrudes over both the adhesive and chorion surfaces ( Figs 31–32 View FIGURES 31–34 ). The micropylar canal, tunnel-shaped with thick walls, is relatively short, 8–14 μm long and 7–10 μm wide ( Fig. 33 View FIGURES 31–34 ). The micropylar opening is nearly round, 3.5 μm wide and 3.0 μm high ( Figs 33 View FIGURES 31–34 , 37 View FIGURES 35–37 ). The sculpture of the chorion consists of discontinuous long and short ridged, curved, and broken filaments, the distribution and arrangement of which regularly cover the entire surface of the chorion ( Figs 35–37 View FIGURES 35–37 ).

Ephemera (Sinephemera) strigata Eaton, 1892

Figures 38–45 View FIGURES 38–41 View FIGURES 42–45

Material examined. Russia: Primorsky Krai, Khasansky district: Barabashevka River, below the Fish Hatchery , 4♀ adults, 10.06.2003, T. Tiunova; Barabashevka River , above the Fish Hatchery, 24.06.2021, 1♀ adult, T. Tiunova; Ryazanovka River , below the Okhotbaza, 11.06.2003, 3♀ adults, T. Tiunova .

Distribution. East Siberia, Far East Russia, Japan, Mongolia, Korea, China.

The egg has been described by Okazaki (1981, p. 9: fig. 6; 1984, p. 21: fig. 15) and Tojo & Machida (1998, p. 575: fig. 2). The authors write that the eggs of E. strigata and E. japonica are very similar in egg size and shape, in the thickness of the adhesive layer, in the structure of the chorion, and in the absence of micropyle.

According to our data, the egg is oval ( Figs 38–39 View FIGURES 38–41 ). Dimensions: 197.0–239.0 µm in length (215.2 µm) and 116.0–139.0 µm in width (126.6 µm). The extrachorion-adhesive layer covering the egg is presented as a thin membrane ( Fig. 42 View FIGURES 42–45 ). The adhesive layer is almost smooth ( Figs 38–39, 41 View FIGURES 38–41 ). There are one to two micropyles per egg in the equatorial area ( Figs 38–39 View FIGURES 38–41 ). The micropyle is of the “tagenoform type,” with a drop-shaped, poorly defined sperm guide, 14–18 μm long and 16–18 μm wide ( Fig. 40 View FIGURES 38–41 ). The micropylar canal is 9.8–15.6. µm long and 5.5–7.2 µm wide; the entrance to the micropylar canal is tunnel-shaped, with thick walls; it protrudes above the adhesive layer and chorion ( Figs 40 View FIGURES 38–41 , 43 View FIGURES 42–45 ). The micropylar opening is rounded to 2.5–3.0 µm wide and 2.5–2.9 µm high ( Figs 43–44 View FIGURES 42–45 ). The chorionic surface is finely wrinkled ( Figs 43, 45 View FIGURES 42–45 ).

References

Eaton, A. E. (1892) On two new and some other Japanese species of Ephemeridae. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, Series 2, 3 (28), 302 - 303.

Hsu, Y. - C. (1937) The mayflies of China. Peking Natural History Bulletin, 11 (3), 287 - 296.

Koss, R. W. & Edmunds, G. F. Jr. (1974) Ephemeroptera eggs and their contribution to phylogenetic studies of the order. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 55, 267 - 349. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1974. tb 01648. x

Okazaki, H. (1981) On the eggs of Japanese mayflies (1). Biology of Inland Waters, 2, 8 - 10.

Tojo, K. & Machida, R. (1998) Egg Structures of Japanes Ephemeridae species (Ephemeroptera). Entomological Science, 1 (4), 573 - 579.

Figures

FIGURES 31–34. Egg morphology of Ephemera (Sinephemera) shengmi: 31–32, general shape and arrangement of the micropyles; 33, proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface; 34, thickness on the layers forming the eggshell and chorion. AL-Ex—complex adhesive-extrachorion layer; AL—adhesive layer; C—chorion; MO—micropylar opening; mp—micropyle.

FIGURES 35–37. Egg morphology of Ephemera (Sinephemera) shengmi: 35–36, egg surface without complex extrachorionadhesive layer; 37, proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface. AL-Ex—complex adhesive-extrachorion layer; CS—chorion surface; MO—micropylar opening; mp—micropyle.

FIGURES 38–41. Egg morphology of Ephemera (Sinephemera) strigata: 38–39, general shape and arrangement of the micropyles; 40, micropyle in the complex extrachorion-adhesive layer; 41, chorion thickness. AL-Ex—complex adhesive-extrachorion layer; C—chorion; CM—canal micropylar; MO—micropylar opening; SG—sperm guide.

FIGURES 42–45. Egg morphology of Ephemera (Sinephemera) strigata: 42, remains of the adhesive layer on the egg surface; 43–44, proximal part of micropylar canal on chorion surface; 45, chorionic sculpturing. AL-Ex—complex adhesive-extrachorion layer; CS—chorion surface; CM—canal micropylar; MO—micropylar opening.