Ixodes tinamou D. Apanaskevich, 2022

Apanaskevich, Dmitry A., Apanaskevich, Maria A., Klimov, Pavel B., Edgy, Brett M., Bermúdez, Sergio E., Labruna, Marcelo B., Korzeev, Andrei I. & Barker, Stephen C., 2022, Description of eight new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. auritulus Neumann, 1904, parasites of birds in the Australasian, Nearctic and Neotropical Regions, Zootaxa 5173 (1), pp. 1-73 : 64-70

Ixodes tinamou D. Apanaskevich n. sp.

Type-host: Andean tinamou— Nothoprocta pentlandii (Gray) ( Tinamiformes : Tinamidae ).

Type-locality: Peru: Cuzco: Ocongate, Tinki.

Type-material: Holotype female, from N. pentlandii, Tinki (~ 13°39’S, 71°22’W), Ocongate , Cuzco, Peru, 3,500- 4,000 m alt., 20.vii.1949, C. Kalinowski ( CK); deposited in the FMNH ( FMNH 4462815 ) . Paratypes: Peru: Cuzco: Ocongate, Tinki , 3,500-4,000 m alt.: 1 female and 1 nymph, from N. pentlandii , 20.vii.1949, CK, USNMENT 00987216 , deposited in the USNTC.

ZooBank registration: The Life Science Identifier (LSID) for Ixodes tinamou n. sp. is urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:425D5A13-B9EF-43AF-9740-8C072AB44159 .

Etymology: The species is named after tinamous, which represent an order and family of Neotropical birds ( Tinamiformes : Tinamidae ) from which it was collected.

Description. Female [Based on 2 specimens; Figs. 36 , 37 .] Idiosoma ( Fig. 36A, F ) length from scapular apices to posterior body margin in slightly fed specimen 2.42 (n = 1), width in slightly fed specimen 1.66 (n = 1), ratio 1.46 (n = 1), broadly suboval, widest posterior to mid-length. Scutum ( Fig. 36B, C ) length 1.18–1.20 (1.19; n = 2), width 1.04–1.10 (1.07; n = 2), ratio 1.09–1.13 (1.11; n = 2); lateral margins diverging for approximately 1/2 of scutal length, then slightly converging to broadly rounded posterior margin; lateral carinae absent; cervical grooves shallow reaching posterior quarter of scutal length; relatively sparse very fine punctations evenly distributed throughout scutum; very slight rugosity may be discernible in central field of scutum; setae ( Fig. 36B, C ) relatively sparse, very short (c. 0.03 in anterolateral margin of scutum). Alloscutum ( Fig. 36A ) as illustrated; setae ( Fig. 36A, D, E ) numerous, evenly distributed, very short in center of alloscutum: c. 0.03 and long in area medial to marginal grooves: c.0.07, setae in area medial to marginal grooves 2.67–2.78 (avg. 2.73) times longer than setae in center of alloscutum, ratio scutal length to length of setae in area medial to marginal grooves 17.24–17.56 (17.40; n = 2). Venter ( Fig. 36F ) as illustrated; genital aperture ( Fig. 36F ) medial to coxae III; genital groove ( Fig. 36F ) well developed; anal groove ( Fig. 36F ) oval with open posterior margin; ventral setae ( Fig. 36F ) numerous, length of preanal setae c. 0.05, evenly distributed. Spiracular plates ( Fig. 37A ) length 0.28–0.30 (0.29; n = 2), width 0.31–0.34 (0.33; n = 2), ratio 0.88–0.89 (0.88; n = 2); broadly suboval.

Gnathosoma ( Fig. 37B–D ) length from palpal apices to cornual apices dorsally 0.56–0.61 (0.59; n = 2), width of basis capituli dorsally 0.46–0.49 (0.48; n = 2), ratio 1.22–1.26 (1.24; n = 2). Dorsal basis capituli ( Fig. 37B ) length from medial insertion of palpal segment I to cornual apices 0.21 (n = 2), ratio width to length 2.18–2.29 (2.24; n = 2), subrectangular: lateral margins slightly convex, without lateral projections, posterior margin slightly convex; cornua short, length 0.02–0.03 (0.02; n = 2), ratio total length of basis capituli, including cornua, to cornual length 8.50–11.33 (9.92; n = 2), triangular with broadly rounded apex; transversally suboval porose areas large, width 0.15–0.16 (0.16; n = 2), ratio width of basis capituli dorsally to width of porose area 2.85–3.25 (3.05; n = 2), clearly distinct, slightly indented, separated by distance of 1/3 of their width, openings discrete. Ventral basis capituli ( Fig. 37C, D ) pentagonal; auriculae short, length 0.01–0.02 (0.01; n = 2), ratio length of gnathosoma dorsally to length of auriculae 36.03–44.12 (40.07; n = 2), short, broader than long, directed posterolaterally, with broadly rounded apex. Lateral surface of basis capituli concave ( Fig. 37C, D ). Palpi ( Fig. 37B, C, E ) moderately long, length dorsally (segments II and III) 0.33–0.36 (0.34; n = 2), maximum width (in dorsolateral plane) 0.14 (n = 2), ratio 2.36–2.52 (2.44; n = 2), length of medial margin of palpal segment I ventrally 0.11–0.13 (0.12; n = 2); segment I with moderately long internal projection directed anteriorly and giving L-shape to segment I dorsally and ventrally; length of internal projection ventrally from base of palpal segment II to anterior apex 0.09–0.11 (0.10; n = 2), ratio combined length of palpal segments II and III to length of internal projection on palpal segment I ventrally 3.33–3.82 (3.57; n = 2); dorsally segment I with slight transverse ridge at base, mesodorsal spur indistinct, dorsoapical denticle indistinct; segments II and III fused with indistinct or barely discernible (mostly medially) suture between them, narrow proximally and gradually widening to broadly rounded apex. Hypostome ( Fig. 37C ) length 0.34 (n = 2), width 0.12–0.13 (0.13; n = 2), ratio 2.67–2.76 (2.71; n = 2); base of hypostome nearly at same level as base of palpal segments II, club-shaped, widest close to mid-length; dental formula mostly 4/4, proximal rows 2/2 and then 3/3; denticles sharply pointed; proximal part of hypostome without denticles moderate in length.

Legs moderately long, slender. Coxae ( Fig. 37F ): coxa I with internal and external spurs, coxae II and III with external and poorly distinct or indistinct internal spur, coxa IV with external spur only; external spur on coxae I-III short, subequal, broad, narrowly to broadly rounded at apex, directed posteriorly, spur on coxa IV same as on other coxae but slightly shorter; internal spur on coxae I-III short, decreasing in size from coxa I to III, narrower on coxa I and broader on coxae II and III, broadly rounded at apex, directed posteriorly; external spur on coxa I at least twice as long as internal spur; no syncoxae. Distally trochanters I-IV ( Fig. 37F ) with short ventral spur with narrowly rounded apex. Tarsus I length 0.83–0.86 (0.84; n = 2); tarsus IV length 0.76 (n = 1).

Nymph [Based on 1 specimen; Figs. 38 , 39 .] Idiosoma ( Fig. 38C ): broadly suboval, widest posterior to midlength. Scutum ( Fig. 38A ) length 612 (n = 1), width 595 (n = 1), ratio 1.03 (n = 1); lateral margins diverging for approximately half of scutal length, then converging to broadly rounded posterior margin; posterolateral margins nearly straight; lateral carinae lacking; cervical grooves shallow; setae ( Fig. 38A ) relatively sparse, short: length in posterocentral field of scutum 9 (n = 1), shorter than those on alloscutum, distributed as figured. Alloscutum ( Fig. 38B ) as illustrated; setae ( Fig. 38B ) numerous, evenly distributed, short in center of alloscutum: 20 (n = 1) and long in area medial to marginal grooves: 48 (n = 1), setae in area medial to marginal grooves 2.40 (n = 1) times longer than setae in center of alloscutum; ratio scutal length to length of setae in area medial to marginal grooves 12.75 (n = 1). Anal groove ( Fig. 38C ) oval with open posterior margin; ventral setae ( Fig. 38C ) numerous, evenly distributed. Spiracular plates ( Fig. 38D ) length 113 (n = 1), width 138 (n = 1), ratio 0.82 (n = 1), broadly oval.

Gnathosoma ( Fig. 39A, B ) length from palpal apices to posterior margin of basis capituli ventrally 374 (n = 1), width at dorsal cornua apices 289 (n = 1), ratio 1.29 (n = 1). Basis capituli ( Fig. 39A, B ): dorsally subtriangular, posterior margin slightly convex with short posterolaterally directed cornua; ventrally pentagonal; auriculae relatively short: length 8.5 (n = 1), ratio length of gnathosoma to length of auriculae 44 (n = 1), triangular, directed slightly posterolaterally. Palpi ( Fig. 39A, B ): elongate, length dorsally (segments II and III) 174 (n = 1), width 81 (n = 1), ratio 2.16 (n = 1); segment I well developed, with moderately long internal projection directed anteriorly and giving L-shape to segment I dorsally and ventrally; length of internal projection ventrally from base of palpal segment II to anterior apex 42 (n = 1), ratio combined length of palpal segments II and III to length of internal projection on palpal segment I ventrally 4.15 (n = 1); segments II and III fused with indistinct suture between them, narrower proximally and gradually widening to broadly rounded apex. Hypostome ( Fig. 39B ) length 158 (n = 1), width 60 (n = 1), ratio 2.63 (n = 1); widest at approximately its mid-length; base of hypostome approximately at same level as base of palpal segment II; proximal portion of hypostome without denticles short, then dental formula 2/2 for approximately 3 rows and 3/3 for approximately 7 rows; apex broadly rounded with irregular small denticles.

Legs moderately long. Coxae ( Fig. 39C ): coxae I-III with well-developed internal and external spurs, coxa IV with well-developed external spur and indistinct internal spur; external spur on coxae I-IV moderately long, narrow, narrowly rounded at apex, curved slightly posteromedially; external spur on coxae I-IV nearly subequal; internal spur on coxae I-III short, broad and narrowly rounded at apex, shorter than external spur; no syncoxae. Trochanters I-IV with short ventral spur, ventral spur on trochanters III and IV poorly distinct ( Fig. 39C ). Tarsus I length 442 (n = 1); tarsus IV length 374 (n = 1).

Remarks. By having a distinct, anteriorly directed internal projection on palpal segment I, the female of I. tinamou n. sp. most closely resembles the following Ixodes (Multidentatus) spp.: I. auritulus , I. brevisetosus n. sp., I. contrarius n. sp., I. cornuae , I. guglielmonei n. sp., I. insulae n. sp., I. kerguelenensis , I. moralesi n. sp., I. paranaensis , I. percavatus , I. rio n. sp., I. robbinsi n. sp. and I. zealandicus .

The female of I. tinamou n. sp. can be distinguished from the female of I. cornuae by having short cornua (vs very long cornua in that species); from females of I. kerguelenensis and I. percavatus by having the indistinct mesodorsal spur on palpal segment I (vs large, distinct spur in those species); from the female of I. paranaensis by having longer auriculae (vs very short auriculae in that species) (see Arthur 1960; Wilson 1970; Barros-Battesti et al. 2003).

The female of I. tinamou n. sp. can be distinguished from females of other species by the broad scutum: mean ratio length to width 1.11 (vs narrower scutum: mean ratio 1.19 in I. auritulus , 1.44 in I. brevisetosus n. sp., 1.45 in I. contrarius n. sp., 1.41 in I. rio n. sp., 1.25 in I. guglielmonei n. sp. and I. moralesi n. sp., 1.35 in I. insulae n. sp. and 1.37 in I. zealandicus ); short setae in center of alloscutum and long setae in alloscutal area medial to marginal grooves: mean ratio length of setae in alloscutal area medial to marginal grooves to length of setae in center of alloscutum 2.73 (vs longer setae in alloscutal area medial to marginal grooves: mean ratio 3.40 in I. auritulus , 3.75 in I. contrarius n. sp., 3.68 in I. moralesi n. sp. and 4.00 in I. rio n. sp.; shorter setae in alloscutal area medial to marginal grooves: mean ratio 1.58 in I. brevisetosus n. sp.; longer setae in both center and area medial to marginal grooves of alloscutum: mean ratio 1.09 in I. guglielmonei n. sp., 2.00 in I. insulae n. sp. and 1.14 in I. zealandicus ); moderately long setae of alloscutum medial to marginal grooves: mean ratio length of scutum to length of alloscutal setae medial to marginal grooves 17.40 (vs longer setae of alloscutum medial to marginal grooves: mean ratio 12.88 in I. auritulus ; shorter setae of alloscutum medial to marginal grooves: mean ratio 45.62 in I. brevisetosus n. sp., 20.89 in I. moralesi n. sp. and 26.93 in I. robbinsi n. sp.); broad gnathosoma: mean ratio length of gnathosoma to width of basis capituli 1.24 (vs narrower gnathosoma: mean ratio 1.33 in I. brevisetosus n. sp. and I. zealandicus and 1.34 in I. insulae n. sp.); basis capituli slightly convex dorsolaterally (vs basis capituli with angular dorsolateral projections in I. brevisetosus n. sp. and I. rio n. sp.); lateral surface of basis capituli concave (vs lateral surface flat in I. brevisetosus n. sp.); posterior margin of basis capituli slightly convex (vs sinuously concave in I. guglielmonei n. sp. and straight to very slightly concave in I. zealandicus ); short cornua: mean ratio length of basis capituli to cornual length 9.92 (vs longer cornua: mean ratio 6.00 in I. auritulus , 5.95 in I. brevisetosus n. sp., 4.94 in I. guglielmonei n. sp., 4.60 in I. insulae n. sp., 5.87 in I. moralesi n. sp., 5.84 in I. robbinsi n. sp. and 7.25 in I. zealandicus ; shorter cornua: mean ratio 14.00 in I. contrarius n. sp.); broad porose areas: mean ratio width of basis capituli to width of porose area 3.05 (vs narrower porose areas: mean ratio 3.61 in I. brevisetosus n. sp.); auriculae short: mean ratio length of gnathosoma dorsally to length of auriculae 40.07, broad, directed posterolaterally, with broadly rounded apex (vs longer auriculae in all other species: mean ratio 9.74 in I. auritulus , 8.97 in I. brevisetosus n. sp., 9.50 in I. contrarius n. sp., 28.15 in I. guglielmonei n. sp., 8.97 in I. insulae n. sp., 11.33 in I. moralesi n. sp., 9.64 in I. rio n. sp., 14.59 in I. robbinsi n. sp. and 19.54 in I. zealandicus ; auriculae distinctly narrower, directed posteriorly, with narrowly rounded apex in I. auritulus , I. brevisetosus n. sp., I. contrarius n. sp., I. insulae n. sp. and I. rio n. sp.); lack of spur at base of palpal segment I dorsally (vs short mesodorsal spur at base of palpal segment I dorsally in I. insulae n. sp., I. moralesi n. sp. and I. zealandicus ); moderately long internal projection on palpal segment I: mean ratio length of palpal segments II and III to length of projection on palpal segment I 3.57 (vs longer projection: mean ratio 2.93 in I. auritulus , 2.77 in I. brevisetosus n. sp., 1.88 in I. contrarius n. sp. and 2.83 in I. rio n. sp.; shorter projection: mean ratio 4.94 in I. guglielmonei n. sp. and 4.50 in I. zealandicus ); indistinct dorsoapical spur on palpal segment I (vs moderate spur in I. auritulus , I. brevisetosus n. sp., I. insulae n. sp. and I. zealandicus ; large, hook-like spur in I. moralesi n. sp.); moderately broad palpal segments II and III: mean ratio length to width 2.44 (vs narrower segments: mean ratio 2.82 in I. brevisetosus n. sp., 2.64 in I. insulae n. sp. and 2.87 in I. rio n. sp.; broader segments: mean ratio 2.16 in I. guglielmonei n. sp.); external spur on coxae I-IV relatively short, broad, blunt at apex (vs longer, narrower spur with narrowly rounded apex in all other species, except for I. zealandicus ); generally moderately large species: see description for measurements (vs noticeably smaller species: I. contrarius n. sp. and I. rio n. sp.; noticeably larger species: I. guglielmonei n. sp., I. insulae n. sp., I. moralesi n. sp. and I. robbinsi n. sp. See descriptions for measurements).

The nymph of I. tinamou n. sp. can be distinguished from nymphs of I. auritulus , I. brevisetosus n. sp., I. guglielmonei n. sp. and I. robbinsi n. sp. by its relatively short and moderately broad scutum (vs narrower scutum in I. auritulus and I. brevisetosus n. sp.; longer and broader scutum in I. guglielmonei n. sp.; longer scutum in I. robbinsi n. sp.), shorter setae in posterocentral field of scutum (vs longer setae in I. guglielmonei n. sp.), moderately long setae on alloscutum in area medial to marginal grooves and in center of alloscutum (vs longer setae in I. auritulus and I. guglielmonei n. sp.; shorter setae in I. brevisetosus n. sp. and I. robbinsi n. sp.), setae on alloscutum in area medial to marginal grooves at least twice longer than setae in center of alloscutum (vs subequal setae in I. guglielmonei n. sp.), relatively small spiracular plate (vs larger spiracular plate in all other species), relatively short and moderately broad gnathosoma (vs narrower gnathosoma in I. auritulus ; longer gnathosoma in I. brevisetosus n. sp. and I. robbinsi n. sp.; longer and broader gnathosoma in I. guglielmonei n. sp.), short auriculae (vs longer auriculae in all other species), relatively short and moderately broad palpal segments II and III (vs narrower segments in I. auritulus and I. brevisetosus n. sp.; longer and broader segments in I. guglielmonei n. sp.), moderately long internal projection on palpal segment I (vs longer projection in I. auritulus , I. brevisetosus n. sp. and I. robbinsi n. sp.; shorter projection in I. guglielmonei n. sp.), small hypostome (vs larger hypostome in all other species), moderately long tarsus I (vs shorter tarsus in I. auritulus ; longer tarsus in I. guglielmonei n. sp.) and moderately long tarsus IV (vs shorter tarsus in I. auritulus and I. brevisetosus n. sp.; longer tarsus in I. guglielmonei n. sp.).

Collection data for I. tinamou n. sp. are listed in the material above. Collections of this species were made in Peru (Cuzco Department) ( Fig. 10E ) at elevations of 3,500 -4,000 meters above sea level. Females and nymph of this species were collected from the Andean tinamou, N. pentlandii ( Tinamiformes : Tinamidae ) during July.

Figures

FIGURE 10. Map showing the known geographical distribution of Ixodes auritulus Neumann, 1904, I. brevisetosus n. sp., I. contrarius n. sp., I. guglielmonei n. sp., I. insulae n. sp., I. moralesi n. sp., I. rio n. sp., I. robbinsi n. sp. and I. tinamou n. sp. A, Filled star shows the type-locality and filled circles show confirmed localities of I. auritulus; B, Filled asterisk shows the type-locality and filled circles show confirmed localities of I. brevisetosus n. sp., filled star shows the type-locality of I. insulae n. sp.; C, Filled triangle shows the type-locality of I. contrarius n. sp., filled cross shows the type-locality and filled circle shows confirmed locality of I. moralesi n. sp.; D, Filled star shows the type-locality and filled circles show confirmed localities of I. guglielmonei n. sp.; E, Filled star shows the type-locality and filled circle shows confirmed locality of I. rio n. sp., filled asterisk shows the type-locality of I. tinamou n. sp.; F, Filled star shows the type-locality and filled circles show confirmed localities of I. robbinsi n. sp.

FIGURE 36. Ixodes tinamou n. sp., scanning electron micrographs of female (Tinki, Ocongate, Cuzco, Peru, USNMENT 00987216, paratype). A, Idiosoma, dorsal view; B, Scutum, dorsal view; C, Scutum, dorsolateral view; D, Alloscutal setae in central area of alloscutum; E, Alloscutal setae in area of alloscutum medial to marginal grooves; F, Idiosoma, ventral view. Scale-bars: A, F, 0.5 mm; B, C, 0.2 mm; D, E, 0.05 mm. SEMs by D.A. Apanaskevich

FIGURE 37. Ixodes tinamou n. sp., scanning electron micrographs of female (Tinki, Ocongate, Cuzco, Peru, USNMENT 00987216, paratype). A, Spiracular plate (arrows show orientation of spiracular plate: a, anterior; d, dorsal); B, Gnathosoma, dorsal view; C, Gnathosoma, ventral view; D, Gnathosoma, anteroventral view; E, Palpal segment I, lateral view; F, Coxae and trochanters. Scale-bars: A–D, 0.1 mm; E, 0.05 mm; F, 0.2 mm. SEMs by D.A. Apanaskevich.

FIGURE 38. Ixodes tinamou n. sp., scanning electron micrographs of nymph (Tinki, Ocongate, Cuzco, Peru, USNMENT 00987216, paratype). A, Scutum; B, Alloscutum; C, Idiosoma, ventral view; D, Spiracular plate (arrows show orientation of spiracular plate: a, anterior; d, dorsal). Scale-bars: A, 0.1 mm; B, C, 0.2 mm; D, 0.05 mm. SEMs by D.A. Apanaskevich.

FIGURE 39. Ixodes tinamou n. sp., scanning electron micrographs of nymph (Tinki, Ocongate, Cuzco, Peru, USNMENT 00987216, paratype). A, Gnathosoma, dorsal view; B, Gnathosoma, ventral view; C, Coxae and trochanters. Scale-bars: 0.1 mm. SEMs by D.A. Apanaskevich.