Macrosiagon Hentz, 1830

Barahona-Segovia, Rodrigo M., Puiggros, Andrés, Varela-Varela, Ricardo A., Valdés-Guzmán, Vicente, Ramírez-Cuadros, Andrés & Pañinao-Monsálvez, Laura, 2022, Updated catalog of the Chilean wedge-shaped beetles (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae) with the first records of Macrosiagon flavipennis (LeConte) in Chile, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62, pp. 1-9 : 3-6

Genus Macrosiagon Hentz, 1830

Macrosiagon Hentz, 1830: 462 . Type species by original designation Ripiphorus dimidiatus Fabricius, 1792 .

= Emenadia Laporte, 1840: 261 . Type species by subsequent designation Mordella flabellata Fabricius, 1781 .

Macrosiagon flavipennis LeConte, 1866 , ( Figs. 1-4, 6 ), new record from Chile

Rhipiphorus flavipennis LeConte, 1866: 153 .

Rhipiphorus abdominalis LeConte, 1866: 154 .

Emenadia flavipennis Champion, 1891: 354 .

Macrosiagon flavipennis Barber, 1915: 187 .

Type material: Male, Holotype at the MCZ.Type locality: Missouri, New York, USA.

New records: Chile: Arica y Parinacota: 1♂ Parque Centenario, Arica, 55 m., 29.xi.1996, Leg. F. Ramírez [ MNHNCL] ; 1♂, Parque Centenario, Arica , 55 m., 29.xi.1996, Leg. F. Ramírez [ CFRF] ; 1♂, Parque Centenario, Arica , 55 m., 28.iii.1997, Leg.F.Ramírez [ CFRF] ; 1♀, Rotonda alcalde Manuel Castillo Ibaceta, Arica , 11.xii.2021, Leg. Andrés Puiggros [ CSO] (https://www.inaturalist.org/ observations/102898136) .

Bibliography: LeConte, 1866: 153 (desc.); LeConte, 1866: 154 (desc. as R. abdominalis ); Horn, 1874: 121-122 (key, desc.); Champion, 1891: 354 (desc.); Barber, 1915: 187 (parasitizing Bembix (= Bembex ), Fabricius, 1775); Blackwelder, 1945: 480 (cat.); Vaurie, 1955: 6 (key, dist., natural history); Graham et al., 2012: 294 (floral hosts).

Distribution: From the USA to Argentina ( Vaurie, 1955) and Northern Chile (present work, Fig. 13 ).

Diagnosis: M. flavipennis is specific by black head and pronotum; concave vertex and a medial protuberance distally acuminate on the posterior margin of the pronotum ( Figs. 1-4 ). Legs entirely black with claws brownish-red. Males of M. flavipennis have black abdomen ( Figs. 1-2 ) and females have a brownish-red with dark terminal tergites ( Figs. 3-4 ). The anterior part of elytra usually has a narrow transverse yellow stripe, where the posterior margin is semicircular; the posterior part of elytra is black. Black wings, not covered completely by elytra. Males without hairy pads on the fore protarsi.

Biology: Males were collected in a public park, whereas the female was photographed feeding on Lantana (Verbenaceae) and Gazania (Asteraceae) ( Fig. 5 ). Macrosiagon flavipennis has been recorded parasitizing the cocoon of wasps ( Barber, 1915) and visiting plants of the family Lamiaceae ( Graham et al., 2012) .

Macrosiagon gayi ( Gerstaecker, 1855b) ; Figs. 7-10 . Rhipiphorus gayi Gerstaecker, 1855b: 27 .

Rhipiphorus rufipennis Solier, 1851: 275 .

Type material: Female, Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, Germany. Type locality: Coquimbo, Chile.

New records: Chile: Coquimbo: Pisco Elqui , 16.i.2022, Leg. Vicente Villablanca [ CPVVM] ; Metropolitana: San

Carlos de Apoquindo, Stgo. 900 m, 06.xii.2001, Leg. F. Ramírez [ CFRF] ; El Manzano, Cajón del Maipo , 1,420 m, 24.xi.2019, Leg. A. Ramírez C. [ CFRF] ; O’Higgins: Machalí , 10 km E. Rancagua, 635 m, 19.xi.2000, Leg. F. Ramírez [ CFRF] ; Buin , - 33.7189°S, - 70.7490°W, 11.iii.2022, Leg. José Ignacio C. Martínez [ CSO] .

Bibliography: Solier, 1851: 275 (desc.), lam. 21, fig. 9; Gerstaecker, 1855b: 27 (desc.); Blackwelder, 1945: 480 (cat.); Elgueta & Arriagada, 1989: 36 (cat.); Rojas & Camousseight, 2010: xlix (cat.); Solervicens, 2015: 283 (cat.); Barreda & Ayala Landa, 2020: 192 (mentioned as possible synonym of M. multinotata Pic, 1906 ).

Distribution: From Coquimbo to O’Higgins ( Fig. 12 ).

Diagnosis: Body is black with deep punctuation ( Figs. 7-9 ). Pronotum with variable colors. Some individuals with anterior margin of pronotum black, with an inverted black ‘U’ in the middle ( Figs. 6-8, 9 ), the rest of the pronotum is brownish-red. Some specimens present lateral margins and middle of pronotum brownish-red, the black portion of pronotum covering all anterior margin, and posterior part of pronotum brownish-red ( Fig. 9 ). Elytra is entirely brownish-red ( Figs. 7-8 ), except the humeral part in some individuals, which is darker ( Fig. 9 ). Wings with anterior parts brownish-red, posteri- or parts hyaline ( Fig. 9 ). Basal part of metatibia and basal metatarsomere rufous ( Figs. 9-10 ). The tibial spurs and claws brownish-red ( Figs. 9-10 ). Posterior sternites partly brownish-rufous.

Biology: Macrosiagongayi isendemictoChile.Individuals described here were collected mainly in Mediterranean ecosystems at different altitudes and they are apparently associated with various plants such as Baccharis linearis (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. or B. salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. as well as Quillaja saponaria Molina. The hosts remain unknown for this species.

Macrosiagon vittata ( Erichson, 1847) .

Rhipiphorus vittatus Erichson, 1847: 123 .

Rhipiphorus discicollis Gerstaecker, 1855b: 32 . Macrosiagon brasiliensis Pic, 1906: 176 .

Macrosiagon vittatus var. biinterruptus Pic, 1913: 18 . Macrosiagon vittatus var. bahiensis Pic, 1913: 19 . Macrosiagon pectorale Pic, 1923: 15 .

Macrosiagon vittatum var. lateluteum Pic, 1939: 250 .

Type material: Male, cat the MNHN in Paris, France. Type locality:Valdivia, Chile.

Bibliography: Erichson, 1847: 123 (desc. as Rhipiphorus vittatus ); Gerstaecker, 1855b: 32 (desc. as Rhipiphorus discicollis ); Lacordaire, 1859: 628 (desc. as Emenadia vittatus ); Gemminger & von Harold, 1870: 2122 (cat. as Emenadia vittata ); Pic, 1906: 176 (desc. as Macrosiagon brasiliensis ); Pic, 1913: 18 (desc. as Macrosiagon vittatus var. biinterruptus ); Pic, 1913: 19 (desc. as Macrosiagon vittatus var. bahiensis ); Csiki, 1913: 17 (cat. as Macrosiagon vittatum ); Pic, 1923: 15 (desc.); Rivnay, 1929: 39 (desc. as Macrosiagon discicollis ); Pic, 1939: 250 (desc. as Macrosiagon vittatum var. lateluteum ); Blackwelder, 1945: 480-481 (cat.; mentioned as M. pectorale , M. vittatum and other syn.); Vaurie, 1955: 15 (desc. as Macrosiagon discicollis ); Elgueta & Arriagada, 1989: 36 (cat.); Falin, 2004: 13, 15 (mentioned as M. pectoralis and syn. of M. vittata ), fig. 6 (frons, anterior view).

Distribution: From Mexico to Argentina ( Falin, 2004) . In Chile, only known to Valdivia, Los Ríos region ( Fig. 13 ).

Diagnosis: According to Falin (2004), M. vittata resembles M. mutilata , except the frontoclypeal margin, which is straight or slightly emarginate, whereas the frontoclypeal margin of M. mutilata is strongly notched. Male antennae are biflabellated, whereas those of female are single flabellate. The presence of tibial spurs, the second metatarsomere short and dorsally flattened separate M. vittata from other species of the genus ( Falin, 2004), except M. mutilate . Additionally, M. vittata has a wide range of coloration, which caused confusion in entomologists, who described several species from the different variations ( Falin, 2004). Macrosiagon vittata presents brownish-red to yellow-orange color in pronotum and elytra. Pronotum mostly black with posterior margin yellow-orange. Elytra can have a uniformly brownish-red color or present black maculae in humeral as well as apical margins of the elytra. Legs are entirely brownish.

Biology: Macrosiagon vittata is a native species that is widely distributed in the Neotropics. The biology of this species is scarce. Rozen (1997) identified adults of M. vittata parasitizing on Exomalopsis bruesi Cockerell , in Peru. There are no new records available.

Taxonomic notes: Falin (2004) concluded that the type specimens of M. brasiliense and M. pectoralis stored in MNHN, represent color variations of M. vittata and therefore, those were synonymized under M. vittata .

Figures

Figure 13. Distribution map of Chilean Ripiphoridae species.

Figures 1-6. Macrosiagon flavipennis (LeConte,1866): (1) dorsal habitus,male;(2) lateral habitus,male;(3-4) visiting Lantana sp.,female;(5) urban gardenwhere the femalewas found in Arica city and (6) individuals collected of Ripiphorus valdivianus (Philippi,1861),M. flavipennis and Macrosiagon gayi (Gerstaecker,1855b). Photos by Andrés Puigross and Andrés Ramírez-Cuadros.

Figures7-10.Macrosiagon gayi(Gerstäecker,1855) insitu: (7-8)dorsal habitus,(9)maleand (10)femaleinlateral habitus.Photos 7-8 and10byVicenteVillablanca; photo 9 byJosé Ignacio Cabezas Martínez.

Figures 11-12. Ripiphorus valdivianus (Philippi, 1861): (11) frontal view and (12) lateral habitus. Photos by Vicente Valdés-Guzmán and Ricardo Varela-Varela, respectively.