Sadocus dilatatus Roewer, 1913

Pessoa-Silva, Marilia, Hara, Marcos Ryotaro & Pinto-da-Rocha, Ricardo, 2021, Revision of the southern Andean genus Sadocus Sorensen, 1886 (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae), ZooKeys 1025, pp. 91-137 : 91

Sadocus dilatatus Roewer, 1913 Figures 2 , 4A-E , 8C, D , 9D , 11G, H

Sadocus dilatatus Roewer, 1913: 249, fig 102 [desc]; 1923: 493-494, fig 620 [rdesc]; Canals 1936: 70 [cat]; Soares and Soares 1949: 211 [cat]; Cekalovic 1968: 7 [cat]; Acosta 1996: 223 [cat]; Kury 2003: 191 [cat]; Kury et al. 2020b [cat] (SMF RI, 886, ma holotype - examined).

Lycomedicus dilatatus : H. Soares, 1968: 264 [rdesc]; Cekalovic 1985: 18 [cat].

Material examined.

Chile, Región de Biobío, Provincia Concepción, date or, collector unknown, 1 ma (SMF 886 - Holotype); Same , 1.XI.1964, T. Cekalovic coll., 2 ma, 1 fe (MZSP 7875); Same, Quebrada Pinares, 4.XI.1964, T. Cekalovic coll., 1 ma (MZSP 7876); Same, Reserva Nacional Nonguén (-36.878430, -72.994350), G. Giribet, G. Hormiga & A. Pérez-González coll., 11.XI.2014, 1 ma, 2 fe (MCZ 140078) .

Diagnosis.

Sadocus dilatatus resembles S. polyacanthus by the lesser-armed femur IV (compared to other species) and by the posterior large tubercle on the lateral margin of dorsal scutum. Sadocus dilatatus can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the single retro-ventral central apophysis on femur IV and the very long prodorsal apical apophysis on coxa IV (ca. ⅔ of the scutum width).

Redescription.

Male (SMF 886). Measurements. Dorsal scutum maximum length 7.5; dorsal scutum maximum width 10.4; prosoma maximum length 3.2; prosoma maximum width 4.2; leg femora: I 6.0; II 13.0; III 10.3; IV 11.0. Dorsum (Fig. 4A ). Dorsal scutum type gamma triangular. Anterior margin of dorsal scutum with median frontal hump bearing six tubercles and three granules on each side. Carapace with granules sparsely distributed. Scutal areas I-IV with 13, 16, eight and six granules, respectively; scutal area III with one pair of paramedian spines; scutal area IV completely divided (from area III). Lateral margin of dorsal scutum mostly covered by granules (from the posterior half of carapace to posterior margin of dorsal scutum), with one large tubercle near scutal area IV. Posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergite I each with few granules on the corners. Chelicerae. Segment I with one seta on mesal side of the bulla, each finger with five or six teeth. Pedipalps. Coxa mostly smooth, with one ventro-central tubercle. Trochanter dorsal face smooth, with one retro-ventral apical tubercle and one retro-apical spine. Femur dorsal face smooth, ventral row of few granules and one retro-ventral spine. Patella smooth. Tibial setation: prolateral Iiii/IiiIi; retro-lateral IiIi/IiIi. Tarsal setation: prolateral IiIii/IiIi; retro-lateral iiIiIii/iIiIii. Legs (Fig. 4B-E ). Coxa IV with one long, oblique, bifid prodorsal apical apophysis and one retro-ventral apical spine. Trochanters I-III granulate; trochanter III with one retro-apical spine. Trochanter IV with sparse granules, the prodorsal apical apophysis long, (ca. ⅓ of podomere length), pointing prolaterad. Femur III with proventral and retro-ventral rows of granules increasing in size apically, becoming tubercles. Femur IV with three blunt dorsal spines on basal ⅓; proventral row of pointed granules increasing in size apically becoming spines; retro-lateral row with two spines and one central apophysis and one proventral basal spine. Patella IV with ventral row of tubercles. Tibia IV with three retro-ventral apical spines (apical one the largest). Tarsal counts: 6, 11, 7, 10. Penis (Fig. 11G, H ). Ventral plate of penis with attenuated cleft on anterior margin; three pairs of MS A, one pair of MS B, four pairs of MS C, one pair of MS D, and two pairs of ventral MS E.

Coloration. Immersed in ethanol: carapace and leg IV dark brown; legs I-III, pedipalps and chelicerae light brown. Specimen color badly preserved. Live specimens (Fig. 9D ): carapace, coxa, and trochanter black, dry-mark on carapace; femora I-III, patellae-tibiae I-IV brown; border of dorsal scutum and free tergite green; free tergite yellowish.

Variations (n = 4). Scutal areas I-IV with 10-13, 14-16, 8-10, 5-6 granules, respectively. In smaller males, the lateral margin of dorsal scutum may bear cluster of tubercles instead of a large tubercle. Measurements. Dorsal scutum maximum length 7.0-8.1; dorsal scutum maximum width 8.5-11.5; prosoma maximum length 3.0-3.4; prosoma maximum width 4.1- 4.4; leg femora: I 5.5-6.5; II 11.4-14.5; III 9.0-11.5; IV 9.7-12.0.

Female (MZSP - 8022). Measurements. Dorsal scutum maximum length 7.5; dorsal scutum maximum width 8.9; prosoma maximum length 3.4; prosoma maximum width 4.5; leg femora: I 5.0; II 11.4; III 9.0; IV 11.0. Dorsum (Fig. 8C, D ). Lateral margin of dorsal scutum with five slightly large granules. Scutal areas I-IV with ten, twelve, eleven, and seven granules, respectively. Legs. Coxa IV with moderate prodorsal spiniform apophysis (as long as the podomere width, but shorter than male) and one retro-ventral apical spine shorter than on the male. Trochanter IV with a retro-apical apophysis. Femur III with proventral and retro-ventral row of granules increasing in size apically, becoming tubercles; femur IV with prolateral row of pointed granules on distal half and a retro-lateral row of pointed granules on basal half. Tarsal counts: 6, 11, 7, 9.

Type locality.

Chile, Región de Biobío, Provincia Concepción.

Geographical distribution

(Fig. 2 ). Chile. Región de Biobío, Provincia Concepción, Quebrada Pinares.

Note.

The allotype MZSP 7874 was not used for the variation or in the distribution maps because it is a female, which lacks the diagnostic characters of the species (solely based on male characters).

Erratum.

H. Soares (1968) incorrectly cited the collection number 7676 for the vial labelled: CHILE, Región de Biobío, Provincia Concepción, Quebrada Pinares, 4.XI.1964, T. Cekalovic coll., 1 ma. It is in fact 7876. The vial with number 7875 mentions 2 ma, when in fact, it includes 2 ma and 1 fe, and vial 7874 mentions only 1 ma, when it is in fact 1 fe.

Figures

Figure 2. Geographical records of distribution of Sadocus species.

Figure 4. Sadocus dilatatus Roewer. Male holotype (SMF 886) A habitus, dorsal view B-E male left trochanter-tibia IV B dorsal view C prolateral view D ventral view E retro-lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 8. Female specimens of Sadocus A, B S. asperatus (CAS- 9055035) A dorsal view B lateral view C, D S. dilatatus (MZSP- 8022) C dorsal view D lateral view E, F S. funestus (AMNH) E dorsal view F lateral view G, H S. ingens (MZSP- 36965) G dorsal view H lateral view I, J S. polyacanthus (AMNH) I dorsal view J lateral view K Drawing of species inquirenda Carampangue nigronotatum extracted from Mello-Leitao 1943.

Figure 9. Photographs of living specimens of Sadocus A S. asperatus (ma) B S. asperatus (fe) C S. asperatus (ma) D S. dilatatus (ma) E S. asperatus (fe) F S. funestus (ma). A, B taken by R. Pinto-da-Rocha, C-F taken by Pedro H. Martins.

Figure 11. Distal part of penis Sadocus and Discocyrtus, dorsal and ventral views, respectively A, B S. asperatus, macrosetae colorized and numbered C, D S. ingens E, F S. polyacanthus G, H S. dilatatus I, J S. funestus K, L D. catharinensis. Scale bar of drawings: 0.1 mm.